中国剑龙类的发展史和演化
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摘要
剑龙类恐龙是一类长有骨板的中-大型有甲类恐龙。其最明显的特征是从颈部到尾部沿背脊有两列直立的骨板,呈对称或交错排列。已知最早的剑龙类恐龙发现于中侏罗世的欧洲和中国,在侏罗纪末期剑龙类迅速繁衍,在全球都有分布,但随后在白垩纪早期开始消亡。中国至今所发现的剑龙类恐龙化石有几十个个体材料,发表的属种共计9属10种,分别为嘉陵龙、乌尔禾龙、芒康龙、营山龙、华阳龙、沱江龙、重庆龙、巨棘龙,将军龙。从地层分布、头部、腰带、肢骨比值和骨板几个特征来看,中国剑龙类应该有一个从华阳龙-重庆龙-巨棘龙-沱江龙-营山龙-芒康龙-乌尔禾龙的演化过程。
Stegosaurus is a medium-and large-class dinosaur with bony plates, the most obvious of which is the bizarre array of dermal plates and spines that extends along the body from the neck to the end of the tail. The earliest stegosaurus are known from the Middle Jurassic of Europe and China and they achieved a global distribution by the Late Jurassic, but subsequently waned in diversity during the Early Cretaceous. Fossils of stegosaurs in China include 9 main genera: Huayangosaurus, Tuojiangosaurus, Gigantspinosaurus, Chungkingosaurus, Chialingosaurus, Yingshanosaurus, Monkonosaurus, Jiangjunnosaurus, Wuerhosaurus. According to the characteristics of head, girdle, limb ratio and bone plate, Stegosaurus of China should have an evolutionary process from Huayangosaurus-Chungkingosaurus-Gigantspinosaurus-Tuojiangosaurus-Yingshanosaurus-Monkonosaurus-Wuerhosaurus.
Stegosaurus is a medium-and large-class dinosaur with bony plates, the most obvious of which is the bizarre array of dermal plates and spines that extends along the body from the neck to the end of the tail. The earliest stegosaurus are known from the Middle Jurassic of Europe and China and they achieved a global distribution by the Late Jurassic, but subsequently waned in diversity during the Early Cretaceous. Fossils of stegosaurs in China include 9 main genera: Huayangosaurus, Tuojiangosaurus, Gigantspinosaurus, Chungkingosaurus, Chialingosaurus, Yingshanosaurus, Monkonosaurus, Jiangjunnosaurus, Wuerhosaurus. According to the characteristics of head, girdle, limb ratio and bone plate, Stegosaurus of China should have an evolutionary process from Huayangosaurus-Chungkingosaurus-Gigantspinosaurus-Tuojiangosaurus-Yingshanosaurus-Monkonosaurus-Wuerhosaurus.
引文
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[4]Young C C. Dinosaurian remains from Mengyin, Shangtung[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1935, 14:519-533.
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[12]欧阳辉.四川巨棘龙的发现及其肩棘的定向[C]//中国科学技术协会首届青年学术年会论文集:理科分册.北京:中国科学技术协会, 1992:10-12.
[13]董枝明.乌尔禾的恐龙化石[M].北京:科学出版社, 1973:1-80.
[14]Zhao X J. Phylogeny and evolutionary stages of Dinosauria[J]. Acta Palaeontologia Polonica, 1983, 28(1/2):295-306.
[15]Dong Z M. Stegosaurs of Asia[C]//Carpenter K, Currie P J. Dinosaur systematics:Approaches and perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 1990:255-268.
[16]Norman D B, Butler R J, Maidment S C R. Reconsidering the status and affinities of the ornithischian dinosaur Tatisaurus oehleri Simmons, 1965[J]. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.2007, 150(4):865–874.
[17]江山,彭光照,叶勇.中国剑龙类恐龙化石[J].地质学刊, 2015, 9(4):530-534.
[18]高人彦,朱时达,黄大喜.剑龙肩棘材料在自贡发现[J].古脊椎动物与古人类, 1986, 24(1):78-79.
[19]Hao B Q, Zhang Q N, Peng G Z, et al. Redescription of Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis(Dinosauria, Stegosauria)from the Late Jurassic of Sichuan, Southwestern China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2018, 92(2):431-441.
[20]欧阳辉.自贡发现的剑龙皮肤化石[J].成都地质学院学报, 1991,18(3):38-39.
[21]Xing L D, Peng G Z, Shu C K. Stegosaurian skin impressions from the Upper Jurassic Shangshaximiao Formation, Zigong, Sichuan,China:a new observation[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2008,27:1049-1053.
[22]彭光照,叶勇,高玉辉,等.自贡地区侏罗纪恐龙动物群[M].成都:四川人民出版社, 2005:1-236.
[23]Maidment S C R. Stegosauria:A historical review of the body fossil record and phylogenetic relationships[J]. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 2010, 103:199-210.
[2]Maidment S C R, Norman D B. Systematics and phylogeny of Stegosauria(Dinosauria:Ornithischia)[J]. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2008, 6(4):367-407.
[3]Wiman C. Die Kriede-dinosaurier aus Shangtung[J]. Palaeontologia Sinica:Ser. C, 1929, 6(1):1-67.
[4]Young C C. Dinosaurian remains from Mengyin, Shangtung[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1935, 14:519-533.
[5]董枝明,唐治路,周世武.四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群简报I.剑龙[J].古脊椎动物学报, 1982, 20(1):83-86.
[6]周世武.四川自贡大山铺中侏罗世恐龙动物群(剑龙)[M].成都:四川科技出版社, 1984:1-52.
[7]Jiang C K, Catherine A, Xu X, et al. The first stegosaur(Dinosauria,Ornithischia)from the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of Xinjiang, China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007, 81(3):351-356.
[8]杨钟健.四川渠县一新剑龙[J].古脊椎动物与古人类, 1959, 3(1):1-8.
[9]董枝明,李宣民,周世武,等.四川自贡剑龙化石简报[J].古脊椎动物与古人类, 1977, 15(4):307-312.
[10]董枝明,周世武,张奕宏.四川盆地侏罗纪恐龙化石[M].北京:科学出版社, 1983:1-147.
[11]朱松林.记四川盆地营山县一剑龙化石[J].四川文物, 1994, 1:8-14.
[12]欧阳辉.四川巨棘龙的发现及其肩棘的定向[C]//中国科学技术协会首届青年学术年会论文集:理科分册.北京:中国科学技术协会, 1992:10-12.
[13]董枝明.乌尔禾的恐龙化石[M].北京:科学出版社, 1973:1-80.
[14]Zhao X J. Phylogeny and evolutionary stages of Dinosauria[J]. Acta Palaeontologia Polonica, 1983, 28(1/2):295-306.
[15]Dong Z M. Stegosaurs of Asia[C]//Carpenter K, Currie P J. Dinosaur systematics:Approaches and perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 1990:255-268.
[16]Norman D B, Butler R J, Maidment S C R. Reconsidering the status and affinities of the ornithischian dinosaur Tatisaurus oehleri Simmons, 1965[J]. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.2007, 150(4):865–874.
[17]江山,彭光照,叶勇.中国剑龙类恐龙化石[J].地质学刊, 2015, 9(4):530-534.
[18]高人彦,朱时达,黄大喜.剑龙肩棘材料在自贡发现[J].古脊椎动物与古人类, 1986, 24(1):78-79.
[19]Hao B Q, Zhang Q N, Peng G Z, et al. Redescription of Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis(Dinosauria, Stegosauria)from the Late Jurassic of Sichuan, Southwestern China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2018, 92(2):431-441.
[20]欧阳辉.自贡发现的剑龙皮肤化石[J].成都地质学院学报, 1991,18(3):38-39.
[21]Xing L D, Peng G Z, Shu C K. Stegosaurian skin impressions from the Upper Jurassic Shangshaximiao Formation, Zigong, Sichuan,China:a new observation[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2008,27:1049-1053.
[22]彭光照,叶勇,高玉辉,等.自贡地区侏罗纪恐龙动物群[M].成都:四川人民出版社, 2005:1-236.
[23]Maidment S C R. Stegosauria:A historical review of the body fossil record and phylogenetic relationships[J]. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 2010, 103:199-210.