渤海湾盆地杜寨气田深层致密砂岩气成藏机理
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摘要
截至目前,我国发现并成功开采的致密砂岩气藏主要分布于中西部地区,气源岩有机质类型为偏腐殖型;而天然气成因类型为油型气的致密砂岩气藏则较为少见,尚缺乏系统的研究。为此,以渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷杜寨气田古近系始新统沙河街组三段(以下简称沙三段)气藏为例,应用地质、地球化学、测井等资料,对沙三段中—下亚段致密砂岩气的成藏地质背景进行了系统研究,并在依据储集成岩演化、充注动/阻力演化及烃源岩热演化等成藏要素对天然气成藏阶段进行划分的基础上,根据储层成岩演化序列与油气成藏期次间的耦合关系分析其成藏过程。研究结果表明:(1)沙三段气藏成因类型为油型气的致密砂岩气,具备有机质丰度及成熟度较高的优质烃源岩、累计厚度较大且分布范围较广的储集层、与烃源岩互层的良好的源储配置关系、充足的成藏动力及良好的封盖保存条件等有利的成藏条件;(2)沙三中—下亚段储集层致密,浮力作用下天然气很难发生有效充注,欠压实作用、生烃作用等引起的异常高压是天然气充注的主要动力;(3)沙三中—下亚段经历了两期致密化过程和两期油气充注,致密砂岩气整体具有"先致密、后成藏"的特征,其成藏过程可分为4个演化阶段。
The tight sandstone gas reservoirs that have been discovered and successfully developed so far are mainly distributed in the central–western China, and gas source rocks are prone to a humic type. However, the tight sandstone gas reservoir whose natural gas is genetically classified as oil-type gas is relatively rare, and has not been studied systematically. In this paper, the gas reservoir of the 3 rd Member of Shahejie Fm, Eocene, Paleogene(hereinafter E_(2~s_3) for short) in the Duzhai Gas Field of the Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, was taken as an example. The geological setting of tight sandstone gas accumulation in middle–lower sub-member of E_(2~s_3)(E_(2~s_3)~(M-L)) was studied systematically on the basis of geologic, geochemical and well logging data. Then, the gas accumulation process was divided into several stages according to diagenetic evolution of a reservoir, hydrocarbon charging driving and resistance force evolution and thermal evolution of source rocks. Finally, the gas accumulation process was analyzed based on the coupling relationship between the reservoir diagenetic evolution sequence and the hydrocarbon accumulation periods. And the following research results were obtained. First, Es_3 gas reservoir in the study area is genetically an oil-type tight sandstone gas reservoir, and its favorable hydrocarbon accumulation conditions include high-quality source rocks with high organic matter abundance and maturity, thick and widely distributed reservoirs, good matching relationship between a reservoir and its interbedded source rock, sufficient charging force and good sealing and preservation conditions. Second, the reservoirs of E_(2~s_3)~(M-L) are tight, so natural gas could hardly be charged effectively under the effect of buoyancy. Thus the overpressure caused by undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation is the main driving force for natural gas charging. Third, reservoirs of E_(2~s_3)~(M-L) experienced two stages of densification and two periods of hydrocarbon charging. Furthermore, the tight sandstone gas is overally characterized by the reservoirs getting tight prior to the hydrocarbon accumulation, and its hydrocarbon accumulation process can be divided into four evolution stages.
The tight sandstone gas reservoirs that have been discovered and successfully developed so far are mainly distributed in the central–western China, and gas source rocks are prone to a humic type. However, the tight sandstone gas reservoir whose natural gas is genetically classified as oil-type gas is relatively rare, and has not been studied systematically. In this paper, the gas reservoir of the 3 rd Member of Shahejie Fm, Eocene, Paleogene(hereinafter E_(2~s_3) for short) in the Duzhai Gas Field of the Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, was taken as an example. The geological setting of tight sandstone gas accumulation in middle–lower sub-member of E_(2~s_3)(E_(2~s_3)~(M-L)) was studied systematically on the basis of geologic, geochemical and well logging data. Then, the gas accumulation process was divided into several stages according to diagenetic evolution of a reservoir, hydrocarbon charging driving and resistance force evolution and thermal evolution of source rocks. Finally, the gas accumulation process was analyzed based on the coupling relationship between the reservoir diagenetic evolution sequence and the hydrocarbon accumulation periods. And the following research results were obtained. First, Es_3 gas reservoir in the study area is genetically an oil-type tight sandstone gas reservoir, and its favorable hydrocarbon accumulation conditions include high-quality source rocks with high organic matter abundance and maturity, thick and widely distributed reservoirs, good matching relationship between a reservoir and its interbedded source rock, sufficient charging force and good sealing and preservation conditions. Second, the reservoirs of E_(2~s_3)~(M-L) are tight, so natural gas could hardly be charged effectively under the effect of buoyancy. Thus the overpressure caused by undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation is the main driving force for natural gas charging. Third, reservoirs of E_(2~s_3)~(M-L) experienced two stages of densification and two periods of hydrocarbon charging. Furthermore, the tight sandstone gas is overally characterized by the reservoirs getting tight prior to the hydrocarbon accumulation, and its hydrocarbon accumulation process can be divided into four evolution stages.
引文
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