谁更愿意动员社会资本?——基于心理人格特质的实证分析
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摘要
本文主要探讨行动者人格特质如何影响社会资本动员。我们基于大五人格理论(OCEAN),从外向度、敏感度、合作度、求新度、理性度五个角度提出理论假设。JSNET2014数据分析表明,就个体的社会资本动员能力和社会支持获取能力而言:外向度、合作度、求新度具有显著正向影响,敏感度具有显著负向影响,理性度则无显著影响。以上发现表明,社会资本动员不仅受到个体资源限制和社会结构制约,同时也受到行动者内在心理特征的影响。
This paper mainly discusses how the personality traits of actors affect social capital mobilization. Based on the theory of Big-Five personality(OCEAN), we propose theoretical hypotheses from five perspectives: Extroversion, sensitivity, cooperation, creativity and rationality. In terms of the ability of social capital mobilization and social support acquisition, the analysis of JSNET2014 data shows that extroversion, cooperation and creativity have significant positive influence, sensitivity has significant negative influence, and rationality doesn't work. The above findings reveal that social capital mobilization is not only restricted by individual resources and social structure, but also by the internal psychological characteristics of the actors.
This paper mainly discusses how the personality traits of actors affect social capital mobilization. Based on the theory of Big-Five personality(OCEAN), we propose theoretical hypotheses from five perspectives: Extroversion, sensitivity, cooperation, creativity and rationality. In terms of the ability of social capital mobilization and social support acquisition, the analysis of JSNET2014 data shows that extroversion, cooperation and creativity have significant positive influence, sensitivity has significant negative influence, and rationality doesn't work. The above findings reveal that social capital mobilization is not only restricted by individual resources and social structure, but also by the internal psychological characteristics of the actors.
引文
边燕杰,2004,《中国城市中的关系资本与饮食社交:理论模型与经验分析》,《开放时代》第2期。
——,2004,《城市居民社会资本的来源及作用:网络观点与调查发现》,《中国社会科学》第3期。
边燕杰等,2012,《社会网络与地位获得》,北京:社会科学文献出版社。
边燕杰等,2012,《跨体制社会资本及其收入回报》,《中国社会科学》第2期。
边燕杰、郭小弦,2015,《餐饮网社交功能的中日韩比较》,《学术交流》第2期。
波茨、兰多尔特,1996,《社会资本的下降》,《美国展望期刊》第6期。
何少颖、方沛、李洋、江怀、任志洪,2015,《大学生创造力量表编制》,《中国健康心理学杂志》第1期。
兰迪·拉森,戴维·巴斯,2012,《人格特质》,郭永玉、陈继文译,北京:人民邮电出版社。
李黎明、李晓光,2016,《社会结构、交往行动与社会资本动员——以社交餐饮网的建构过程为例》,《社会科学战线》第12期。
李惠斌、杨雪冬主编,2000,《社会资本与社会发展》,北京:社会科学文献出版社。
李颖,2011,《高校毕业生合作型亲社会行为研究》,《教育评论》第2期。
林南,2005,《社会资本:关于社会结构与行动的理论》,张磊译,上海:上海人民出版社。
刘少杰,2004,《以行动与结构互动为基础的社会资本研究——评林南社会资本理论的方法原则和理论视野》,《国外社会科学》第2期。
马克思·韦伯,1999,《社会科学方法论》,李秋零、田薇译,北京:中国人民大学出版社。
王亚南,1996,《情境心理学的若干问题》,《心理学动态》第4期。
张顺、程诚,2012,《市场化改革与社会网络资本的收入效应》,《社会学研究》第1期。
郑也夫,2000,《新古典经济学“理性”概念之批判》,《社会学研究》第4期。
邬金刚,2010,《社会资本:架通社会结构与行动的桥梁——读林南的<社会资本:关于社会结构与行动的理论>》,《学理论》第31期。
Barelds, D.P.H., 2005."Self and Partner Personality in Intimate Relationships."European Journal of Personality 19, 501-518.
Burt, Ronald S., Joseph E. Jannotta, and James T. Mahoney. 1998."Personality Correlates of Structural Holes."Social Networks 20(1):63-87.
Burt, Ronald S. 2009."Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition."Boston:Harvard University Press.
Costa, P.T., and R. R. McCrae. 1992."Revised NEO Personality Inventory NEO PI-R and NEO Five-Factor Inventory NEO-FFI:Professional Manual."Odessa, FL:Psychological Assesment Resources.
Diener, E., Larsen, R.J.,&Emmons, R.A. 1984."Person Situation Interactions:Choice of Situations and Congruence Response models."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 580-592.
Donnellan, M. Brent, Dannelle Larsen-Rife, and Rand D. Conger. 2005."Personality, Family History, and Competence in Early Adult Romantic Relationships."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88(3):562.
Flynn, Francis J., et al. 2006."Helping One's Way to the Top:Self-monitors Achieve Status by Helping Others and Knowing Who Helps Whom."Journal of personality and social psychology 91(6):1 123.
Granovetter, Mark S. 1973."The Strength of Weak Ties."American Journal of Sociology 78(6):1360-1380.
——.1985."Economic Action and Social Structure:The Problem of Embeddedness."American Journal of Sociology 91(3):481-510.
Graziano, W.G., Jensen-Campbell, L.A., Hair, E.C., 1996."Perceiving Interpersonal Conflict and Reacting to It:The Case for Agreeableness."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70, 820-835.
Hurtz, Gregory M., and John J. Donovan. 2000."Personality and Job Performance:The Big Five revisited."Journal of Applied Psychology 85(6):869-879.
Kalish, Yuval, and Garry Robins. 2006."Psychological Predispositions and Network Structure:The Relationship between Individual Predispositions, Structural Holes and Network Closure."Social Networks 28(1):56-84.
Klein, K.J., Lim, B.C., Saltz, J.L., Mayer, D.M., 2004."How Do They Get There? An Examination of the Antecedents of Centrality in Team Networks."Academy of Management Journal 47, 952-963.
Lin Nan. 1982."Social Resources and Instrumental Action, Social Structure and Network Analysis."Los Angeles:Sage Publications, 131-145.
——.2001."Social Capital:A Theory of Social Structure and Action."Oxford. Oxford University Press.
Malouff, John M., et al. 2010."The Five-factor Model of Personality and Relationship Satisfaction of Intimate Partners:A Metaanalysis."Journal of Research in Personality 44(1):124-127.
McAdams, D. P. 2009."The Person:An Introduction to the Science of Personality Psychology(5th edn)."Hoboken.
McCrae, Robert R., and Paul T. Costa Jr. 1985."Openness to Experience."Perspectives in Personality 1:145-172.
McCrae, Robert R. 1996."Social Consequences of Experiential Openness."Psychological Bulletin 120(3):323.
Patterson, G. R. 1982."Coercive Family Process."Eugene, OR:Castalia.
Rempel J.K.&Holmes J.G. 1986."How Do I Trust Thee?"Psychology Today.
Robins, Garry, and Yoshi Kashima. 2008."Social Psychology and Social Networks:Individuals and Social Systems."Asian Journal of Social Psychology 11(1):1-12.
Russel, D.W., B. Booth, D. Reed, and P.R. Laughlin. 1997."Personality, Social Networks, and Perceived Social Support among Alcoholics:A Structural Equation Analysis."Journal of Personality 63(3):649-692.
Selfhoul, M., Burk, W., Branhje, S., Denissen, J., van Aken, M., Meeus, W., 2010."Emerging Late Adolescent Friendship Network and Big Five Personality Traits:A Social Network Approach."Journal of Personality 72, 509-538.
Totterdell, Peter, David Holman, and Amy Hukin. 2008."Social Networkers:Measuring and Examining Individual Differences in Propensity to Connect with Others."Social Networks 30(4):283-296.
Turban, Daniel B., and Thomas W. Dougherty. 1994."Role of ProteGe Personality in Receipt of Mentoring and Career Success."Academy of Management Journal 37(3):688-702.
Vodosek, M. 2003."Personality and the Formation of Social Networks."Conference Paper, ASA Annual Meeting.
Wehrli, S. 2008."Personality on Social Network Sites:An Application of the Five Factor Model."ETH Zurich Sociology Working Paper. 7, 1-16.
Zhu, Xiumei, et al. 2013."Pathways to Happiness:From Personality to Social Networks and Perceived Support."Socical Networks35(3):382-393.
(1)人格特质论20世纪60年代成为人格心理学的主流,人格特质论者大都采用因素分析技术对人格进行描述,1985年,McCrae和Costa运用NEO-PI-R量表发现Extroversion、Neuroticism、Openness、Agreeableness、Conscientiousness五大因素是所有人格问卷中趋于稳定的因子,提出目前最被广泛接受的大五人格理论。其中外向性包括热情性、乐群性、自我肯定性、活跃性、刺激寻求、正情绪;神经质包括焦虑、愤怒性敌意、抑郁、自我意识、冲动性、脆弱;开放性包括幻想、审美、情感、行动、观念、价值;宜人性包括信任、坦诚、利他、顺从性、谦虚、温存;尽责性包括胜任感、条理性、责任心、事业心、自律性、审慎性。本文数据来源于“社会网络与职业经历调查问卷”,其中人格特质的测量主要是基于大五人格理论,题器为“请您根据自己的性格特征,打出最接近的分数”,选项是五组性格特质的描述,包括“外向的—内向的”“谨小慎微的—大而化之的”“追求新奇、变化—追求常规、稳定”“喜欢合作做事—喜欢独立做事”和“理性的—感性的”,分别与五大人格维度对应。不可否认,本文心理测量过于单一,难以达致心理学量表的严谨性,但在一定意义上,也能够体现不同个体内在人格特质的差异性。
——,2004,《城市居民社会资本的来源及作用:网络观点与调查发现》,《中国社会科学》第3期。
边燕杰等,2012,《社会网络与地位获得》,北京:社会科学文献出版社。
边燕杰等,2012,《跨体制社会资本及其收入回报》,《中国社会科学》第2期。
边燕杰、郭小弦,2015,《餐饮网社交功能的中日韩比较》,《学术交流》第2期。
波茨、兰多尔特,1996,《社会资本的下降》,《美国展望期刊》第6期。
何少颖、方沛、李洋、江怀、任志洪,2015,《大学生创造力量表编制》,《中国健康心理学杂志》第1期。
兰迪·拉森,戴维·巴斯,2012,《人格特质》,郭永玉、陈继文译,北京:人民邮电出版社。
李黎明、李晓光,2016,《社会结构、交往行动与社会资本动员——以社交餐饮网的建构过程为例》,《社会科学战线》第12期。
李惠斌、杨雪冬主编,2000,《社会资本与社会发展》,北京:社会科学文献出版社。
李颖,2011,《高校毕业生合作型亲社会行为研究》,《教育评论》第2期。
林南,2005,《社会资本:关于社会结构与行动的理论》,张磊译,上海:上海人民出版社。
刘少杰,2004,《以行动与结构互动为基础的社会资本研究——评林南社会资本理论的方法原则和理论视野》,《国外社会科学》第2期。
马克思·韦伯,1999,《社会科学方法论》,李秋零、田薇译,北京:中国人民大学出版社。
王亚南,1996,《情境心理学的若干问题》,《心理学动态》第4期。
张顺、程诚,2012,《市场化改革与社会网络资本的收入效应》,《社会学研究》第1期。
郑也夫,2000,《新古典经济学“理性”概念之批判》,《社会学研究》第4期。
邬金刚,2010,《社会资本:架通社会结构与行动的桥梁——读林南的<社会资本:关于社会结构与行动的理论>》,《学理论》第31期。
Barelds, D.P.H., 2005."Self and Partner Personality in Intimate Relationships."European Journal of Personality 19, 501-518.
Burt, Ronald S., Joseph E. Jannotta, and James T. Mahoney. 1998."Personality Correlates of Structural Holes."Social Networks 20(1):63-87.
Burt, Ronald S. 2009."Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition."Boston:Harvard University Press.
Costa, P.T., and R. R. McCrae. 1992."Revised NEO Personality Inventory NEO PI-R and NEO Five-Factor Inventory NEO-FFI:Professional Manual."Odessa, FL:Psychological Assesment Resources.
Diener, E., Larsen, R.J.,&Emmons, R.A. 1984."Person Situation Interactions:Choice of Situations and Congruence Response models."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 580-592.
Donnellan, M. Brent, Dannelle Larsen-Rife, and Rand D. Conger. 2005."Personality, Family History, and Competence in Early Adult Romantic Relationships."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88(3):562.
Flynn, Francis J., et al. 2006."Helping One's Way to the Top:Self-monitors Achieve Status by Helping Others and Knowing Who Helps Whom."Journal of personality and social psychology 91(6):1 123.
Granovetter, Mark S. 1973."The Strength of Weak Ties."American Journal of Sociology 78(6):1360-1380.
——.1985."Economic Action and Social Structure:The Problem of Embeddedness."American Journal of Sociology 91(3):481-510.
Graziano, W.G., Jensen-Campbell, L.A., Hair, E.C., 1996."Perceiving Interpersonal Conflict and Reacting to It:The Case for Agreeableness."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70, 820-835.
Hurtz, Gregory M., and John J. Donovan. 2000."Personality and Job Performance:The Big Five revisited."Journal of Applied Psychology 85(6):869-879.
Kalish, Yuval, and Garry Robins. 2006."Psychological Predispositions and Network Structure:The Relationship between Individual Predispositions, Structural Holes and Network Closure."Social Networks 28(1):56-84.
Klein, K.J., Lim, B.C., Saltz, J.L., Mayer, D.M., 2004."How Do They Get There? An Examination of the Antecedents of Centrality in Team Networks."Academy of Management Journal 47, 952-963.
Lin Nan. 1982."Social Resources and Instrumental Action, Social Structure and Network Analysis."Los Angeles:Sage Publications, 131-145.
——.2001."Social Capital:A Theory of Social Structure and Action."Oxford. Oxford University Press.
Malouff, John M., et al. 2010."The Five-factor Model of Personality and Relationship Satisfaction of Intimate Partners:A Metaanalysis."Journal of Research in Personality 44(1):124-127.
McAdams, D. P. 2009."The Person:An Introduction to the Science of Personality Psychology(5th edn)."Hoboken.
McCrae, Robert R., and Paul T. Costa Jr. 1985."Openness to Experience."Perspectives in Personality 1:145-172.
McCrae, Robert R. 1996."Social Consequences of Experiential Openness."Psychological Bulletin 120(3):323.
Patterson, G. R. 1982."Coercive Family Process."Eugene, OR:Castalia.
Rempel J.K.&Holmes J.G. 1986."How Do I Trust Thee?"Psychology Today.
Robins, Garry, and Yoshi Kashima. 2008."Social Psychology and Social Networks:Individuals and Social Systems."Asian Journal of Social Psychology 11(1):1-12.
Russel, D.W., B. Booth, D. Reed, and P.R. Laughlin. 1997."Personality, Social Networks, and Perceived Social Support among Alcoholics:A Structural Equation Analysis."Journal of Personality 63(3):649-692.
Selfhoul, M., Burk, W., Branhje, S., Denissen, J., van Aken, M., Meeus, W., 2010."Emerging Late Adolescent Friendship Network and Big Five Personality Traits:A Social Network Approach."Journal of Personality 72, 509-538.
Totterdell, Peter, David Holman, and Amy Hukin. 2008."Social Networkers:Measuring and Examining Individual Differences in Propensity to Connect with Others."Social Networks 30(4):283-296.
Turban, Daniel B., and Thomas W. Dougherty. 1994."Role of ProteGe Personality in Receipt of Mentoring and Career Success."Academy of Management Journal 37(3):688-702.
Vodosek, M. 2003."Personality and the Formation of Social Networks."Conference Paper, ASA Annual Meeting.
Wehrli, S. 2008."Personality on Social Network Sites:An Application of the Five Factor Model."ETH Zurich Sociology Working Paper. 7, 1-16.
Zhu, Xiumei, et al. 2013."Pathways to Happiness:From Personality to Social Networks and Perceived Support."Socical Networks35(3):382-393.
(1)人格特质论20世纪60年代成为人格心理学的主流,人格特质论者大都采用因素分析技术对人格进行描述,1985年,McCrae和Costa运用NEO-PI-R量表发现Extroversion、Neuroticism、Openness、Agreeableness、Conscientiousness五大因素是所有人格问卷中趋于稳定的因子,提出目前最被广泛接受的大五人格理论。其中外向性包括热情性、乐群性、自我肯定性、活跃性、刺激寻求、正情绪;神经质包括焦虑、愤怒性敌意、抑郁、自我意识、冲动性、脆弱;开放性包括幻想、审美、情感、行动、观念、价值;宜人性包括信任、坦诚、利他、顺从性、谦虚、温存;尽责性包括胜任感、条理性、责任心、事业心、自律性、审慎性。本文数据来源于“社会网络与职业经历调查问卷”,其中人格特质的测量主要是基于大五人格理论,题器为“请您根据自己的性格特征,打出最接近的分数”,选项是五组性格特质的描述,包括“外向的—内向的”“谨小慎微的—大而化之的”“追求新奇、变化—追求常规、稳定”“喜欢合作做事—喜欢独立做事”和“理性的—感性的”,分别与五大人格维度对应。不可否认,本文心理测量过于单一,难以达致心理学量表的严谨性,但在一定意义上,也能够体现不同个体内在人格特质的差异性。