架空输电线路绝缘子在典型鸟粪污染条件下的闪络特性
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摘要
为研究架空输电线路绝缘子在鸟粪污染条件下的闪络特性,根据现场绝缘子串受鸟粪污染的典型形态和参数,提出了绝缘子串鸟粪类污秽试验的涂污形式,并考虑不同环境污秽程度,开展了110 kV、220 kV绝缘子串附加鸟粪模拟液的人工污秽试验,给出了不同条件下鸟粪污染绝缘子串的闪络电压。分析得出:在环境污秽度较轻的地区,110 kV线路采用9片普通型绝缘子串,220 kV线路采用15片普通型绝缘子串,均不会因鸟粪污染绝缘子表面导致污闪。试验结果为涉鸟故障原因分析和防治措施的选择提供了参考。
To study the flashover performance of insulator for overhead transmission line under typical bird contamination conditions, we put forward an artificial contaminating method to simulate the insulator contamination of bird excretion based on the typical morphology and parameters of contaminated insulator string. Artificial pollution tests were carried out to investigate the insulator string of 110 kV and 220 kV AC transmission lines with additional bird con-tamination stimulant liquid considering the different environmental pollution levels. The tests show, under the different flashover voltages and variant contaminated conditions and in the regions of slight pollution, contaminant flashover will not occur for the string of 9 discs used in 110 kV AC transmission line and the string of 15 discs used in 220 kV AC transmission line. Those results of tests provide references for the analysis of bird-related outage and the selection of prevention measures.
To study the flashover performance of insulator for overhead transmission line under typical bird contamination conditions, we put forward an artificial contaminating method to simulate the insulator contamination of bird excretion based on the typical morphology and parameters of contaminated insulator string. Artificial pollution tests were carried out to investigate the insulator string of 110 kV and 220 kV AC transmission lines with additional bird con-tamination stimulant liquid considering the different environmental pollution levels. The tests show, under the different flashover voltages and variant contaminated conditions and in the regions of slight pollution, contaminant flashover will not occur for the string of 9 discs used in 110 kV AC transmission line and the string of 15 discs used in 220 kV AC transmission line. Those results of tests provide references for the analysis of bird-related outage and the selection of prevention measures.
引文
[1]易辉,熊幼京,周刚,等.架空输电线路鸟害故障分析及对策[J].电网技术,2008,32(20):95-100.YI Hui,XIONG Youjing,ZHOU Gang,et al.Analysis on bird-caused damages of overhead transmission lines and countermeasures[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(20):95-100.
[2]国家电网公司运维检修部,中国电力科学研究院.国网公司2014年度输电线路运行情况分析[R].北京:国家电网公司运维检修部,中国电力科学研究院,2015.State Grid Operation and Maintenance Department,China Electric Power Research Institute.Operation analysis on overhead transmission line of State Grid in 2014[R].Beijing,China:State Grid Operation and Maintenance Department,China Electric Power Research Institute,2015.
[3]IEEE guide for reducing bird-related outages:IEEE Std 1651—2010[S],2011.
[4]李长看,卢明,庞锴,等.河南输电线路涉鸟故障分布特征及分级研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(12):48-54.LI Changkan,LU Ming,PANG Kai,et al.Distribution characteristics and classification of bird fault in Henan transmission line[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(12):48-54.
[5]巢亚锋,徐志强,岳一石,等.湖南输电线路鸟害故障特征分析及防范措施[J].高电压技术,2016,42(12):3853-3860.CHAO Yafeng,XU Zhiqiang,YUE Yishi,et al.Characteristics analysis and prevention countermeasures of bird-caused damages for overhead transmission lines in Hunan Power Grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(12):3853-3860.
[6]王少华,叶自强.架空输电线路鸟害故障及其防治技术措施[J].高压电器,2011,47(2):61-67.WANG Shaohua,YE Ziqiang.Analysis of bird damage accidents on overhead transmission lines and prevention technique[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(2):61-67.
[7]李长看,卢明,庞锴,等.河南省高压输电线路涉鸟故障防治对策研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(3):20-26.LI Changkan,LU Ming,PANG Kai,et al.Study of the fault mechanism and preventive countermeasures of bird-trouble to high voltage transmission lines in Henan province[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(3):20-26.
[8]蒋兴良,舒立春,孙才新.电力系统污秽与覆冰绝缘[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009.JIANG Xingliang,SHU Lichun,SUN Caixin.Pollution and icing insulation of power system[J].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2009.
[9]宋德隆,雒元平.高压输电线路鸟粪闪络故障特征及防止对策[J].高电压技术,2006,32(5):122-123.SONG Delong,LUO Yuanping.High voltage transmission lines breakdown characteristic caused by bird excrement flashover and countermeasure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(5):122-123.
[10]SUNDARARAJAN R,BURNHAM J,CARLTON R,et al.Preventive measures to reduce bird related power outage-part II:steamers and contamination[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(4):1848-1853.
[11]梁曦东,黄崚,王绍武,等.合成绝缘子鸟粪闪络与不明原因闪络[J].电网技术,2001,25(1):13-16.LIANG Xidong,HUANG Leng,WANG Shaowu,et al.Composite insulator flashovers caused by bird dropping and unknown reasons[J].Power System Technology,2001,25(1):13-16.
[12]彭可,刘春翔,朱弘钊,等.热带地区输电线路鸟粪闪络特性模拟试验研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):248-255.PENG Ke,LIU Chunxiang,ZHU Hongzhao,et al.Simulation experiment analysis of flashovers initiated by bird excretion on transmission lines in tropical areas in China[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):248-255.
[13]卢明,谈发力,何正浩,等.110 kV输电线路鸟粪闪络机理研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(6):1-7.LU Ming,TAN Fali,HE Zhenghao,et al.Research on the mechanism of guano flashover in 110 kV transmission lines[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(6):1-7.
[14]黄道春,余俊,张宇,等.220 kV线路悬式绝缘子串异物临近放电机制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(24):4161-4170.HUANG Daochun,YU Jun,ZHANG Yu,et al.Study on discharge mechanism of suspension insulator string of 220 kV AC transmission line with external object approaching[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(24):4161-4170.
[15]黄瑞莹,黄道春,周军,等.±400 kV直流输电线路杆塔涉鸟故障风险区域研究[J].电工电能新技术,2017,36(2):68-73.HUANG Ruiying,HUANG Daochun,ZHOU Jun,et al.Research on bird damage risk region of±400 kV DC transmission line[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2017,36(2):68-73.
[16]杨庆,董岳,司马文霞,等.鸟粪导致交流输电线路塔窗-导线空气间隙放电的特性研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(1):55-60.YANG Qing,DONG Yue,SIMA Wenxia,et al.Discharge characteristics of tower-line air gap of AC transmission line caused by bird streamer[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(1):55-60.
[17]付豪,张东,绳飞,等.防鸟挡板在110 kV输电线路上防鸟害的应用研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(4):31-37.FU Hao,ZHANG Dong,SHENG Fei,et al.Application of anti-bird baffle on 110 kV transmission line to prevent bird hazard[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(4):31-37.
[18]党镇平,彭青宁.输电线路用防鸟罩结构及运行分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2003(3):3-6.DANG Zhenping,PENG Qingning.Construction and practical analysis of bird-preventing helmet for distribution line[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2003(3):3-6.
[19]刘长义,王黎明,刘动,等.雾霾参数对绝缘表面等值盐密的影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1841-1847.LIU Changyi,WANG Liming,LIU Dong,et al.Influence of fog-haze parameters on equivalent salt deposit density of external insulation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1841-1847.
[20]贾志东,曾智阳,陈灿,等.特殊污秽条件下复合绝缘材料的性能[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):885-892.JIA Zhidong,ZENG Zhiyang,CHEN Can,et al.Properties of composite insulating materials under special contamination[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):885-892.
[21]杨帅,周文俊,饶章权,等.较低湿度下磷酸铝污秽引发的外绝缘放电[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1870-1878.YANG Shuai,ZHOU Wenjun,RAO Zhangquan,et al.Insulation discharge caused by aluminum phosphate contaminant at unsaturation humidity[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1870-1978.
[22]交流系统用高压绝缘子的人工污秽试验:GB/T 4585—2004[S],2004.Artificial contamination test of high voltage insulators for AC systems:GB/T 4585—2004[S],2004.
[23]蒋兴良,陈爱军,张志劲,等.盐密和灰密对110 kV复合绝缘子闪络电压的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(9):150-154.JIANG Xingliang,CHEN Aijun,ZHANG Zhijin,et al.Effect of both salt and non-soluble deposit densities on flashover voltage of 110 kV composite insulator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(9):150-154.
[24]张志劲,蒋兴良,孙才新,等.两种不同染污方式下绝缘子交流闪络特性的比较[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(8):124-127.ZHANG Zhijin,JIANG Xingliang,SUN Caixin,et al.Comparison of the AC pollution flashover characteristics of insulators under two diferent polluting manners[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(8):124-127.
[2]国家电网公司运维检修部,中国电力科学研究院.国网公司2014年度输电线路运行情况分析[R].北京:国家电网公司运维检修部,中国电力科学研究院,2015.State Grid Operation and Maintenance Department,China Electric Power Research Institute.Operation analysis on overhead transmission line of State Grid in 2014[R].Beijing,China:State Grid Operation and Maintenance Department,China Electric Power Research Institute,2015.
[3]IEEE guide for reducing bird-related outages:IEEE Std 1651—2010[S],2011.
[4]李长看,卢明,庞锴,等.河南输电线路涉鸟故障分布特征及分级研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(12):48-54.LI Changkan,LU Ming,PANG Kai,et al.Distribution characteristics and classification of bird fault in Henan transmission line[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(12):48-54.
[5]巢亚锋,徐志强,岳一石,等.湖南输电线路鸟害故障特征分析及防范措施[J].高电压技术,2016,42(12):3853-3860.CHAO Yafeng,XU Zhiqiang,YUE Yishi,et al.Characteristics analysis and prevention countermeasures of bird-caused damages for overhead transmission lines in Hunan Power Grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(12):3853-3860.
[6]王少华,叶自强.架空输电线路鸟害故障及其防治技术措施[J].高压电器,2011,47(2):61-67.WANG Shaohua,YE Ziqiang.Analysis of bird damage accidents on overhead transmission lines and prevention technique[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(2):61-67.
[7]李长看,卢明,庞锴,等.河南省高压输电线路涉鸟故障防治对策研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(3):20-26.LI Changkan,LU Ming,PANG Kai,et al.Study of the fault mechanism and preventive countermeasures of bird-trouble to high voltage transmission lines in Henan province[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(3):20-26.
[8]蒋兴良,舒立春,孙才新.电力系统污秽与覆冰绝缘[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2009.JIANG Xingliang,SHU Lichun,SUN Caixin.Pollution and icing insulation of power system[J].Beijing,China:China Electric Power Press,2009.
[9]宋德隆,雒元平.高压输电线路鸟粪闪络故障特征及防止对策[J].高电压技术,2006,32(5):122-123.SONG Delong,LUO Yuanping.High voltage transmission lines breakdown characteristic caused by bird excrement flashover and countermeasure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(5):122-123.
[10]SUNDARARAJAN R,BURNHAM J,CARLTON R,et al.Preventive measures to reduce bird related power outage-part II:steamers and contamination[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(4):1848-1853.
[11]梁曦东,黄崚,王绍武,等.合成绝缘子鸟粪闪络与不明原因闪络[J].电网技术,2001,25(1):13-16.LIANG Xidong,HUANG Leng,WANG Shaowu,et al.Composite insulator flashovers caused by bird dropping and unknown reasons[J].Power System Technology,2001,25(1):13-16.
[12]彭可,刘春翔,朱弘钊,等.热带地区输电线路鸟粪闪络特性模拟试验研究[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):248-255.PENG Ke,LIU Chunxiang,ZHU Hongzhao,et al.Simulation experiment analysis of flashovers initiated by bird excretion on transmission lines in tropical areas in China[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):248-255.
[13]卢明,谈发力,何正浩,等.110 kV输电线路鸟粪闪络机理研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(6):1-7.LU Ming,TAN Fali,HE Zhenghao,et al.Research on the mechanism of guano flashover in 110 kV transmission lines[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(6):1-7.
[14]黄道春,余俊,张宇,等.220 kV线路悬式绝缘子串异物临近放电机制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(24):4161-4170.HUANG Daochun,YU Jun,ZHANG Yu,et al.Study on discharge mechanism of suspension insulator string of 220 kV AC transmission line with external object approaching[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(24):4161-4170.
[15]黄瑞莹,黄道春,周军,等.±400 kV直流输电线路杆塔涉鸟故障风险区域研究[J].电工电能新技术,2017,36(2):68-73.HUANG Ruiying,HUANG Daochun,ZHOU Jun,et al.Research on bird damage risk region of±400 kV DC transmission line[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2017,36(2):68-73.
[16]杨庆,董岳,司马文霞,等.鸟粪导致交流输电线路塔窗-导线空气间隙放电的特性研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(1):55-60.YANG Qing,DONG Yue,SIMA Wenxia,et al.Discharge characteristics of tower-line air gap of AC transmission line caused by bird streamer[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(1):55-60.
[17]付豪,张东,绳飞,等.防鸟挡板在110 kV输电线路上防鸟害的应用研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(4):31-37.FU Hao,ZHANG Dong,SHENG Fei,et al.Application of anti-bird baffle on 110 kV transmission line to prevent bird hazard[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(4):31-37.
[18]党镇平,彭青宁.输电线路用防鸟罩结构及运行分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2003(3):3-6.DANG Zhenping,PENG Qingning.Construction and practical analysis of bird-preventing helmet for distribution line[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2003(3):3-6.
[19]刘长义,王黎明,刘动,等.雾霾参数对绝缘表面等值盐密的影响[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1841-1847.LIU Changyi,WANG Liming,LIU Dong,et al.Influence of fog-haze parameters on equivalent salt deposit density of external insulation[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1841-1847.
[20]贾志东,曾智阳,陈灿,等.特殊污秽条件下复合绝缘材料的性能[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):885-892.JIA Zhidong,ZENG Zhiyang,CHEN Can,et al.Properties of composite insulating materials under special contamination[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):885-892.
[21]杨帅,周文俊,饶章权,等.较低湿度下磷酸铝污秽引发的外绝缘放电[J].高电压技术,2016,42(6):1870-1878.YANG Shuai,ZHOU Wenjun,RAO Zhangquan,et al.Insulation discharge caused by aluminum phosphate contaminant at unsaturation humidity[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(6):1870-1978.
[22]交流系统用高压绝缘子的人工污秽试验:GB/T 4585—2004[S],2004.Artificial contamination test of high voltage insulators for AC systems:GB/T 4585—2004[S],2004.
[23]蒋兴良,陈爱军,张志劲,等.盐密和灰密对110 kV复合绝缘子闪络电压的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(9):150-154.JIANG Xingliang,CHEN Aijun,ZHANG Zhijin,et al.Effect of both salt and non-soluble deposit densities on flashover voltage of 110 kV composite insulator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(9):150-154.
[24]张志劲,蒋兴良,孙才新,等.两种不同染污方式下绝缘子交流闪络特性的比较[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(8):124-127.ZHANG Zhijin,JIANG Xingliang,SUN Caixin,et al.Comparison of the AC pollution flashover characteristics of insulators under two diferent polluting manners[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(8):124-127.