巨型逆冲断层开采扰动活化条件研究
|
摘要
针对巨型逆冲断层活化诱发冲击地压事故的严峻形势,以耿村典型巨型逆冲断层冲击地压矿井为例,建立了断层活化分析数学模型和相似模拟模型,研究了逆冲断层的活化条件和影响因素、以及巨型逆冲断层在冲击地压形成过程中的作用。结果表明:影响断层活化的因素包括断层倾角、断层介质黏聚力、断层介质内摩擦角和水平推力作用位置;随断层倾角的增大,断层活化时的正应力、剪应力减小,水平推力先增大后减小;断层材料黏聚力对煤壁与断层间的距离影响不大,但对断层应力影响很大;随断层内摩擦角的增大,断层活化时的正应力减小、剪应力增大,水平推力减小;随水平推力作用位置的增大,断层活化时的正应力、剪应力和水平推力均减小;通过相似模拟试验,得到耿村煤矿冲击地压属于巨型逆冲断层控制下,高应力、大范围、区域性的顶板型冲击,其失稳模型为底板型失稳,且距离断层越接近危险越严重。
Activation of giant thrust faults often leads to severe rock burst accidents. To study this issue, a typical giant thrust fault in Gengcun coalmine was taken as an example for establishing the mathematical model of fault activation and the similar simulation model. On this basis, the activation conditions and influencing factors of thrust faults, as well as the role of giant thrust faults in formation of rock burst, were studied. Results show that the factors affecting fault activation include fault dip angle, cohesion of fault medium, internal friction angle of fault medium and the position of horizontal thrust. With the increase in fault dip angle, the normal stress and shear stress decrease when fault activation occurs. While the horizontal thrust increases first before decreasing. The cohesive force of fault material has little effect on the distance between coal wall and fault, but it has great influence on fault stress. With the increase in internal friction angle, the normal stress decreases, the shear stress rises and the horizontal thrust decreases during fault activation. With the increase in horizontal thrust position, the normal stress, shear stress and horizontal thrust decrease when fault being activated. It could be obtained from similar simulation test: the rock burst in Gengcun coalmine belongs to the roof-type impact with high stress, large range and regional area under the influence of giant thrust fault. While the insta bility model is the floor-type instability, and the closer the fault is, the more serious it is.
Activation of giant thrust faults often leads to severe rock burst accidents. To study this issue, a typical giant thrust fault in Gengcun coalmine was taken as an example for establishing the mathematical model of fault activation and the similar simulation model. On this basis, the activation conditions and influencing factors of thrust faults, as well as the role of giant thrust faults in formation of rock burst, were studied. Results show that the factors affecting fault activation include fault dip angle, cohesion of fault medium, internal friction angle of fault medium and the position of horizontal thrust. With the increase in fault dip angle, the normal stress and shear stress decrease when fault activation occurs. While the horizontal thrust increases first before decreasing. The cohesive force of fault material has little effect on the distance between coal wall and fault, but it has great influence on fault stress. With the increase in internal friction angle, the normal stress decreases, the shear stress rises and the horizontal thrust decreases during fault activation. With the increase in horizontal thrust position, the normal stress, shear stress and horizontal thrust decrease when fault being activated. It could be obtained from similar simulation test: the rock burst in Gengcun coalmine belongs to the roof-type impact with high stress, large range and regional area under the influence of giant thrust fault. While the insta bility model is the floor-type instability, and the closer the fault is, the more serious it is.
引文
[1]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击地压发生的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):642-649.PAN Yishan,WANG Laigui,ZHANG Mengtao,et al.The theoretical and testing study of fault rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):642-649.
[2]齐庆新,刘天泉,史元伟.冲击地压的摩擦滑动失稳机理[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1995,12(3/4):174-177.QI Qingxin,LIU Tianquan,SHI Yuanwei.The mechanism of frictional sliding instability of rockburst[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1995,12(3/4):174-177.
[3]齐庆新,史元伟,刘天泉.冲击地压黏滑失稳机理的实验研究[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(2):143-148.QI Qingxin,SHI Yuanwei,LIU Tianquan.Mechanism of instability caused by viscous sliding in rock burst[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1997,22(2):143-148.
[4]潘岳,刘英,顾善发.矿井断层冲击地压的折迭突变模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):43-48.PAN Yue,LIU Ying,GU Shanfa.Fold catastrophe model of mining fault rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(1):43-48.
[5]潘岳,解金玉,顾善发.非均匀围压下矿井断层冲击地压的突变理论分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(3):310-314.PAN Yue,XIE Jinyu,GU Shanfa.Catastrophe theory analysis of mining fault rockburst under nonuniform surrounding pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(3):310-314.
[6]代高飞,尹光志,皮文丽,等.用滑块模型对冲击地压的研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(8):1263-1266.DAI Gaofei,YIN Guangzhi,PI Wenli.Study on rockburst using stick slip model[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(8):1263-1266.
[7]李忠华,潘一山.断层冲击地压的影响因素与震级分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):5206-5210.LI Zhonghua,PAN Yishan.Influencing factors and magnitude analysis of fault rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Sup 1):5206-5210.
[8]宋义敏,马少鹏,杨小彬,等.断层冲击地压失稳瞬态过程的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):812-817.SONG Yimin,MA Shaopeng,YANG Xiaobin,et al.Experimental investigation on instability transient process of fault rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(4):812-817.
[9]姜耀东,王涛,赵毅鑫,等.采动影响下断层活化规律的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):1-5.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Tao,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Numerical simulation of fault activation pattern induced by coal extraction[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology(Social Science),2013,42(1):1-5.
[10]姜耀东,王涛,陈涛,等.“两硬”条件正断层影响下的冲击地压发生规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增刊2):3712-3718.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Tao,CHEN Tao,et al.Features of coal bumps influenced by normal faults in coal mining with hard roof and coal[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Sup 2):3712-3718.
[11]姜福兴,魏全德,王存文,等.巨厚砾岩与逆冲断层控制型特厚煤层冲击地压机理分析[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(7):1191-1196.JIANG Fuxing,WEI Quande,WANG Cunwen,et al.Analysis of rock burst mechanism in extra-thick coal seam controlled by huge thick conglomerate and thrust fault[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(7):1191-1196.
[12]李守国,吕进国,姜耀东,等.逆断层不同倾角对采场冲击地压的诱导分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):869-875.LI Shouguo,LYU Jinguo,JIANG Yaodong,et al.Coal bump inducing rule by dip angles of thrust fault[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(6):869-875.
[13]许磊,魏世明.逆断层活化诱发冲击地压的危险性研究[J].煤炭技术,2015,34(1):98-101.XU Lie,WEI Shiming.Research on risk of rock burst induced by reverse fault activation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,34(1):98-101.
[14]王爱文,潘一山,李忠华,等.断层作用下深部开采诱发冲击地压相似试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(9):2486-6492.WANG Aiwen,PAN Yishan,LI Zhonghua,et al.Similar experimental study of rockburst induced by mining deep coal seam under fault action[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(9):2486-6492.
[2]齐庆新,刘天泉,史元伟.冲击地压的摩擦滑动失稳机理[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1995,12(3/4):174-177.QI Qingxin,LIU Tianquan,SHI Yuanwei.The mechanism of frictional sliding instability of rockburst[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1995,12(3/4):174-177.
[3]齐庆新,史元伟,刘天泉.冲击地压黏滑失稳机理的实验研究[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(2):143-148.QI Qingxin,SHI Yuanwei,LIU Tianquan.Mechanism of instability caused by viscous sliding in rock burst[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1997,22(2):143-148.
[4]潘岳,刘英,顾善发.矿井断层冲击地压的折迭突变模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):43-48.PAN Yue,LIU Ying,GU Shanfa.Fold catastrophe model of mining fault rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(1):43-48.
[5]潘岳,解金玉,顾善发.非均匀围压下矿井断层冲击地压的突变理论分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(3):310-314.PAN Yue,XIE Jinyu,GU Shanfa.Catastrophe theory analysis of mining fault rockburst under nonuniform surrounding pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(3):310-314.
[6]代高飞,尹光志,皮文丽,等.用滑块模型对冲击地压的研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(8):1263-1266.DAI Gaofei,YIN Guangzhi,PI Wenli.Study on rockburst using stick slip model[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(8):1263-1266.
[7]李忠华,潘一山.断层冲击地压的影响因素与震级分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):5206-5210.LI Zhonghua,PAN Yishan.Influencing factors and magnitude analysis of fault rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Sup 1):5206-5210.
[8]宋义敏,马少鹏,杨小彬,等.断层冲击地压失稳瞬态过程的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):812-817.SONG Yimin,MA Shaopeng,YANG Xiaobin,et al.Experimental investigation on instability transient process of fault rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(4):812-817.
[9]姜耀东,王涛,赵毅鑫,等.采动影响下断层活化规律的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):1-5.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Tao,ZHAO Yixin,et al.Numerical simulation of fault activation pattern induced by coal extraction[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology(Social Science),2013,42(1):1-5.
[10]姜耀东,王涛,陈涛,等.“两硬”条件正断层影响下的冲击地压发生规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增刊2):3712-3718.JIANG Yaodong,WANG Tao,CHEN Tao,et al.Features of coal bumps influenced by normal faults in coal mining with hard roof and coal[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Sup 2):3712-3718.
[11]姜福兴,魏全德,王存文,等.巨厚砾岩与逆冲断层控制型特厚煤层冲击地压机理分析[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(7):1191-1196.JIANG Fuxing,WEI Quande,WANG Cunwen,et al.Analysis of rock burst mechanism in extra-thick coal seam controlled by huge thick conglomerate and thrust fault[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(7):1191-1196.
[12]李守国,吕进国,姜耀东,等.逆断层不同倾角对采场冲击地压的诱导分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):869-875.LI Shouguo,LYU Jinguo,JIANG Yaodong,et al.Coal bump inducing rule by dip angles of thrust fault[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(6):869-875.
[13]许磊,魏世明.逆断层活化诱发冲击地压的危险性研究[J].煤炭技术,2015,34(1):98-101.XU Lie,WEI Shiming.Research on risk of rock burst induced by reverse fault activation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,34(1):98-101.
[14]王爱文,潘一山,李忠华,等.断层作用下深部开采诱发冲击地压相似试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(9):2486-6492.WANG Aiwen,PAN Yishan,LI Zhonghua,et al.Similar experimental study of rockburst induced by mining deep coal seam under fault action[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(9):2486-6492.