佳木斯市八种野生花卉引种适应性及观赏价值评价
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摘要
以狗娃花、屋根草、菊苣、旋覆花、小蓟、黑水当归、黄海棠、委陵菜等8种野生花卉为试验材料,在佳木斯市进行引种,观察记录这8种野生花卉的形态特征、生长习性和适应性等,以越夏性、越冬性、生长势和抗病虫害4个主要影响因子构建属于这8种目标材料的引种适应性评分体系,以花部特征、花数量性状、其它性状和引种适应性等4个方面的16项指标构建8种目标花卉的观赏价值评价体系,综合观赏价值和引种适应性得分,筛选出可应用于园林绿化的优良野生种。结果表明:狗娃花、黄海棠、菊苣、旋覆花和小蓟5个种的观赏价值比较高,且引种适应性均高于90分,可作为优良的观赏植物应用到园林中;屋根草的观赏价值一般,但其片植效果得分比较高,且引种适应性得分为满分,繁殖能力强,适合应用到粗放管理的林缘和缀花草坪;黑水当归和委陵菜的观赏价值较低,不推荐将其大量的应用到佳木斯市城市园林中。
Eight kinds of wild flowers,such as Heteropappus hispidus,Crepis tectorum,Cichorium intybus,Inula japonica,Cirsium setosum,Angelica amurensis,Hypericum ascyron and Potentilla chinensis,were introduced in Jiamusi.The morphological characteristics,growth habits and adaptability of the eight kinds of wild flowers were observed and recorded.The introduction adaptability scoring system of the eight target materials was constructed by four main factors,oversummering,overwintering,growth potential and resistance to diseases and insect pests.Constructing an evaluation system of ornamental value for eight kinds of target flowers with sixteen indicators in four aspects including flower characteristics,flower quantitative trait,other traits and introduction adaptability.The fine wild species that can be applied to landscaping according to the scores of ornamental value and introduction adaptability were screened out.The results showed that Heteropappus hispidus,Hypericum ascyron,Cichorium intybus,Inula japonica and Cirsium setosum had higher ornamental value and score of introduction adaptability was over 90 scores,so they could be applied to gardens as excellent ornamental plants.The ornamental value of Crepis tectorum was general,but its effect of slice value get a high score and introduction adaptability even get a full score,so it was suitable for extensive management of forest edge and flower lawn.The ornamental value of Angelica amurensis and Potentilla chinensis was low,so it was not recommended to apply them in large quantities to urban gardens in Jiamusi.
Eight kinds of wild flowers,such as Heteropappus hispidus,Crepis tectorum,Cichorium intybus,Inula japonica,Cirsium setosum,Angelica amurensis,Hypericum ascyron and Potentilla chinensis,were introduced in Jiamusi.The morphological characteristics,growth habits and adaptability of the eight kinds of wild flowers were observed and recorded.The introduction adaptability scoring system of the eight target materials was constructed by four main factors,oversummering,overwintering,growth potential and resistance to diseases and insect pests.Constructing an evaluation system of ornamental value for eight kinds of target flowers with sixteen indicators in four aspects including flower characteristics,flower quantitative trait,other traits and introduction adaptability.The fine wild species that can be applied to landscaping according to the scores of ornamental value and introduction adaptability were screened out.The results showed that Heteropappus hispidus,Hypericum ascyron,Cichorium intybus,Inula japonica and Cirsium setosum had higher ornamental value and score of introduction adaptability was over 90 scores,so they could be applied to gardens as excellent ornamental plants.The ornamental value of Crepis tectorum was general,but its effect of slice value get a high score and introduction adaptability even get a full score,so it was suitable for extensive management of forest edge and flower lawn.The ornamental value of Angelica amurensis and Potentilla chinensis was low,so it was not recommended to apply them in large quantities to urban gardens in Jiamusi.
引文
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[2] 陈俊愉.中国农业百科全书:观赏园艺卷[M].北京:农业出版社,1996:78-477.
[3] 周涛,朴永吉,林元雪.中国野生花卉资源的研究现状及展望[J].世界林业研究,2004,17(4):45-48.
[4] 陈睿,潘远智,陈其兵.野生花卉资源评价因子及评价方法确定[J].北方园艺,2009(10):201-204.
[5] YU S X,JANSSENS S B,ZHU X Y,et al.Phylogeny of impatiens(Balsaminaceae):Integrating moleculat and morphological evidence into a new classification[J].Cladistics,2015,32(2):179-197.
[6] DING B,SUDHINDRA R G,WNG J C,et al.Impatiens wawuensis(Balsaminaceae):A new species from Sichuan,China[J].Phytotaxa,2016,273(4):293-298.
[7] 尹衍峰,彭春生.百花山野生花卉资源的开发利用[J].中国园林,2003,19(8):72-74.
[8] 刘江枫.福州市野生兰科植物资源与观赏评价[D].福州:福建农业大学,2010.
[9] 白锦荣,张启翔,潘会堂.云南滇西北地区蔷薇属(Rosa L.)植物资源调查与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2009,10(2):218-223.
[10] 赵焕臣,许树柏.层次分析法[M].北京:科学出版社,1986.
[11] 秦寿康.TOPSIS价值函数模型[J].系统工程学报,2003(1):37-42.
[12] 雷金睿,辛欣,宋希强,等.基于AHP的海口市公园绿地植物群落景观评价与结构分析[J].西北林学院学报,2016(3):262-268.
[13] 刘维斯,颜玉娟,都晓璐.城市公园植物景观评价指标体系建立方法研究[J].山西建筑,2009,35(14):343-344.