三种作物根际土壤水浸液对当归的化感效应
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摘要
为探究适宜当归育苗的熟地土壤资源,本研究在当归道地产区甘肃省岷县培育小麦、蒙古黄芪和马铃薯茬口基础上,通过盆栽试验研究3种作物根际土壤对当归种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应。结果表明,小麦根际土壤水浸液对当归种子萌发出苗及幼苗生长均表现出低促高抑的浓度效应,而蒙古黄芪和马铃薯根际土壤水浸液均表现出抑制效应,其中蒙古黄芪抑制作用更强;当归幼苗的化感敏感部位为根部,可抑制当归幼苗根的加粗生长,但对幼苗根伸长生长的效应因作物不同而异,小麦根际土表现为低浓度促进效应,其余2种作物土均表现为抑制效应。0.2 g·mL~(-1)小麦根际土壤水浸液条件下,当归幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性最高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较低,且均显著高于蒙古黄芪和马铃薯根际土壤水平,幼苗氨基酸泄漏率维持在较低水平;根际土壤水提液浓度为0.8g·mL~(-1)时,3种作物根际土壤水浸液培育的当归幼苗CAT活性均较高,但氨基酸泄漏率较大。综上所述,低浓度小麦根际土壤水浸液在一定程度上可促进当归种子萌发出苗率,并奠定幼苗抗逆生化基础,岷县正茬小麦茬口是适宜当归熟地育苗的床土资源。本研究结果为制定合理的当归轮作倒茬制度提供了科学依据。
In order to explore the cultivated soil resources suitable for nursing Angelica sinensis seedlings in the real local area in Min county of Gansu province based on culturing wheat,Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and potato residues,a pot experiment was adopted to study effect of rhizosphere soil of three crops on the Angelica seeds germination and seedlings growth. The results showed that water extract from the wheat rhizosphere soil showed promotion effect at low concentrations but inhibition at higher concentrations,while the water extract from the Astragalus and potato rhizosphere soil all showed inhibitory effect and the former exhibited much stronger; the sensitive spots of allelopathic effect existed in roots,for the water extract from the three kinds of crop rhizosphere soils inhibited the Angelica roots in diameter growth. However,the allelopathic effect on the seedling root elongation growth varies with the crops,among which the wheat rhizosphere soil showed promoted effect at low concentrations while the rest two crop soils all showed inhibitory effect; the SOD and POD activities in Angelica seedlings reached the highest but the CAT activities were relatively low under the concentration of 0. 2 g·mL~(-1) wheat rhizosphere soil water extract,which were significantly higher than that of the Astragalus and the potato rhizosphere soils,maintaining amino acids leakage rate at a low level.When the soil concentration was up to 0. 8 g·mL~(-1),the CAT activity showed relative high under the three kinds of crops soils,but exhibited higher leakage rate in the amino acid,suggesting that the low concentration of wheat rhizosphere soils could promote the Angelica seeds germination and the seedlings growth,building the biochemical basis for the Angelica seedlings resistance,and showing that the main crop of wheat residue is suitable nursey soil resources to cultivate the Angelica seedlings in Min county. This study provided a scientific basis for making reasonable crop rotation system in cultivating the A. sinensis.
In order to explore the cultivated soil resources suitable for nursing Angelica sinensis seedlings in the real local area in Min county of Gansu province based on culturing wheat,Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and potato residues,a pot experiment was adopted to study effect of rhizosphere soil of three crops on the Angelica seeds germination and seedlings growth. The results showed that water extract from the wheat rhizosphere soil showed promotion effect at low concentrations but inhibition at higher concentrations,while the water extract from the Astragalus and potato rhizosphere soil all showed inhibitory effect and the former exhibited much stronger; the sensitive spots of allelopathic effect existed in roots,for the water extract from the three kinds of crop rhizosphere soils inhibited the Angelica roots in diameter growth. However,the allelopathic effect on the seedling root elongation growth varies with the crops,among which the wheat rhizosphere soil showed promoted effect at low concentrations while the rest two crop soils all showed inhibitory effect; the SOD and POD activities in Angelica seedlings reached the highest but the CAT activities were relatively low under the concentration of 0. 2 g·mL~(-1) wheat rhizosphere soil water extract,which were significantly higher than that of the Astragalus and the potato rhizosphere soils,maintaining amino acids leakage rate at a low level.When the soil concentration was up to 0. 8 g·mL~(-1),the CAT activity showed relative high under the three kinds of crops soils,but exhibited higher leakage rate in the amino acid,suggesting that the low concentration of wheat rhizosphere soils could promote the Angelica seeds germination and the seedlings growth,building the biochemical basis for the Angelica seedlings resistance,and showing that the main crop of wheat residue is suitable nursey soil resources to cultivate the Angelica seedlings in Min county. This study provided a scientific basis for making reasonable crop rotation system in cultivating the A. sinensis.
引文
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[7]张新慧,张恩和.不同植龄啤酒花根际土壤中有机化合物的初步分离鉴定[J].土壤学报,2009,46(2):368-371
[8]郎多勇,付雪艳,荣佳旺,张新慧.蒙古黄芪根围土壤水浸液对自身种子发芽及生理特性的影响[J].中药材,2015,38(1):11-13
[9]王田涛,王琦,王惠珍,张恩和.连作条件下间作模式对当归生长特性和产量的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):54-61
[10]王田涛,王琦,王惠珍,张恩和.当归自毒作用和其对不同作物的化感效应[J].草地学报,2012,20(6):1132-1138
[11]王惠珍,张新慧,李应东,张恩和.轮作与连作当归光合特性和挥发油的比较[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):69-74
[12]金彦博,郭凤霞,陈恒,白刚,袁洪超,梁伟.岷县不同茬口对当归幼苗栽生长及抗病性的影响[J].草业学报,2018,26(4):69-78
[13]张新慧,郎多勇,张恩和.当归根际土壤水浸液的自毒作用研究及化感物质的鉴定[J].中草药,2010,41(12):2063-2066
[14]张新慧,张恩和,王永捷,郎多勇.不同前茬对当归药材产量及品质的影响[J].中药材,2010,33(11):1678-1680
[15]朱慧,马瑞君,吴双桃,林金哲,廖宜英.当归根际土对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(5):833-838
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[17]马伟明,郭凤霞,陈垣,温健,庄童琳.在不同茬口土地上的当归育苗研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(5):552-553
[18]张晓珂,梁文举,姜勇.东北地区不同小麦品种对黑麦草的化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(7):1191-1195
[19]李培栋,王兴祥,李奕林,王宏伟,梁飞燕,戴传超.连作花生土壤中酚酸类物质的检测及其对花生的化感作用[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2128-2134
[20]Guo F X,Zhang M X,Chen Y,Zhang W H,Xu S J,Wang J H,An L Z.Relation of several antioxidant enzymes to rapid freezing resistance in suspension cultured cells from alpine Chorispora bungeana[J].Cryobiology,2006,52(2):241-250
[21]Giannopolitis C N,Ries S K.Superoxide dismutases:I.occurrence in higher plants[J].Plant Physiology,1977,59(2):309
[22]Abassi N A,Kushad M M,Endress A G.Active oxygen-scavenging enzymes activities in developing apple flowers and fruits[J].Scientia Horticulturae,1998,74(3):183-184
[23]Bruce W G,Richardson D.Bioassays for allelopathy:measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-187
[24]Asaduzzaman M,An M,Pratley J E,Luckett D J,Lemerle D.Canola(Brassica napus)germplasm shows variable allelopathic effects against annual ryegrass(Lolium rigidum)[J].Plant and Soil,2014,380(1/2):47-56
[25]Kato-Noguchi H,Ino T.Possible involvement of momilactone B in rice allelopathy[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2005,162(6):718-721
[26]Pramanik M H R,Asao T,Yamamoto T,Matsui Y.Sensitive bioassay to evaluate toxicity of aromatic acids to cucumber seedlings[J].Allelopathy Journal,2001,8(2):161-170
[27]马彦霞,王晓巍,张玉鑫,郁继华.番茄幼苗对不同茬栽培基质浸液化感作用的响应[J].中国蔬菜,2017(4):24-30
[28]郑景瑶,岳中辉,田宇,刘宝林,郭立波.问荆水浸液对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应初探[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):191-196
[29]郭凤霞,武志江,陈垣,席倬霞,张小虎,姚立荣,陈翔.蒙古黄芪种子水浸液对不同种党参种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(22):3375-3380
[30]Bezrukova M V,Aval'Baev A M,Kil'Dibekova A R,Fatkhutdinova R A,Shakirova F M.Interaction of wheat lectin with 24-Epibrassinolide in the regulation of cell division in wheat roots[J].Doklady Biological Sciences,2002,387(1/2/3/4/5/6):533-535
[31]彭晓邦,张硕新.小麦秸秆水浸液对3种中药材的化感效应[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(2):120-125
[32]刘忠玲,王庆成,郝龙飞.白桦、落叶松不同器官水浸液对种子萌发和播种苗生长的种间化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3138-3144
[33]王芳,常盼盼,陈永平,彭云玲,方永丰,王汉宁.外源NO对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):178-186
[34]王腾飞,裴玉贺,郭新梅,李军,宋希云.3个玉米品种苗期耐寒性鉴定[J].核农学报,2017,31(4):803-808
[35]Luo A,Liu J,Ma D,Wang X,Liang Z.Increment of antioxidase activity of transgenic tobacco with betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase[J].Science Bulletin,2001,46(6):492-495
[36]Zhang S Z,Hua B Z,Zhang F.Induction of the activities of antioxidative enzymes and the levels of malondialdehyde in cucumber seedlings as a consequence of Bemisia tabaci(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)infestation[J].Arthropod-Plant Interactions,2008,2(4):209-213
[37]Thakur S,Singh L,Zularisam A W,Sakinah M,Din M F M.Lead induced oxidative stress and alteration in the activities of antioxidative enzymes in rice shoots[J].Biologia Plantarum,2016,11(4):1-4
[38]李晶,赵先龙,乔天长,顾万荣,焦健,李改玲,罗宁,魏湜.秸秆腐解液对玉米幼苗的生理效应及酚酸类化感成分的检测[J].核农学报,2015,29(9):1799-1805
[39]邹丽娜,周志宇,颜淑云,秦彧.盐分胁迫对紫穗槐幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):84-90
[2]赵杨景,陈四保,高光耀,冯毓秀,杨世林,徐丽珍,杜力军,胡世林,冯雪峰.道地与非道地当归栽培土壤的理化性质[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(1):19-22
[3]赵锐明,陈垣,郭凤霞,汪洋,张尚智,王瑞琪.甘肃岷县野生当归资源分布特点及其与栽培当归生长特性的比较研究[J].草业学报,2014,23(2):29-37
[4]孟玉,郭增祥.岷县当归育苗的调查与思考[J].农业科技与信息,2008(15):38-39
[5]周洪建,王曦,袁艺,王丹丹.半干旱区极端强降雨灾害链损失快速评估方法—以甘肃岷县“5·10”特大山洪泥石流灾害为例[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):440-445
[6]王建花,陈婷,林文雄.植物化感作用类型及其在农业中的应用[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(10):1173-1183
[7]张新慧,张恩和.不同植龄啤酒花根际土壤中有机化合物的初步分离鉴定[J].土壤学报,2009,46(2):368-371
[8]郎多勇,付雪艳,荣佳旺,张新慧.蒙古黄芪根围土壤水浸液对自身种子发芽及生理特性的影响[J].中药材,2015,38(1):11-13
[9]王田涛,王琦,王惠珍,张恩和.连作条件下间作模式对当归生长特性和产量的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):54-61
[10]王田涛,王琦,王惠珍,张恩和.当归自毒作用和其对不同作物的化感效应[J].草地学报,2012,20(6):1132-1138
[11]王惠珍,张新慧,李应东,张恩和.轮作与连作当归光合特性和挥发油的比较[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):69-74
[12]金彦博,郭凤霞,陈恒,白刚,袁洪超,梁伟.岷县不同茬口对当归幼苗栽生长及抗病性的影响[J].草业学报,2018,26(4):69-78
[13]张新慧,郎多勇,张恩和.当归根际土壤水浸液的自毒作用研究及化感物质的鉴定[J].中草药,2010,41(12):2063-2066
[14]张新慧,张恩和,王永捷,郎多勇.不同前茬对当归药材产量及品质的影响[J].中药材,2010,33(11):1678-1680
[15]朱慧,马瑞君,吴双桃,林金哲,廖宜英.当归根际土对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(5):833-838
[16]马瑞君,惠继瑞,朱慧,李晶,赵庆芳.当归营养期的化感作用[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1483-1488
[17]马伟明,郭凤霞,陈垣,温健,庄童琳.在不同茬口土地上的当归育苗研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(5):552-553
[18]张晓珂,梁文举,姜勇.东北地区不同小麦品种对黑麦草的化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(7):1191-1195
[19]李培栋,王兴祥,李奕林,王宏伟,梁飞燕,戴传超.连作花生土壤中酚酸类物质的检测及其对花生的化感作用[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2128-2134
[20]Guo F X,Zhang M X,Chen Y,Zhang W H,Xu S J,Wang J H,An L Z.Relation of several antioxidant enzymes to rapid freezing resistance in suspension cultured cells from alpine Chorispora bungeana[J].Cryobiology,2006,52(2):241-250
[21]Giannopolitis C N,Ries S K.Superoxide dismutases:I.occurrence in higher plants[J].Plant Physiology,1977,59(2):309
[22]Abassi N A,Kushad M M,Endress A G.Active oxygen-scavenging enzymes activities in developing apple flowers and fruits[J].Scientia Horticulturae,1998,74(3):183-184
[23]Bruce W G,Richardson D.Bioassays for allelopathy:measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-187
[24]Asaduzzaman M,An M,Pratley J E,Luckett D J,Lemerle D.Canola(Brassica napus)germplasm shows variable allelopathic effects against annual ryegrass(Lolium rigidum)[J].Plant and Soil,2014,380(1/2):47-56
[25]Kato-Noguchi H,Ino T.Possible involvement of momilactone B in rice allelopathy[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2005,162(6):718-721
[26]Pramanik M H R,Asao T,Yamamoto T,Matsui Y.Sensitive bioassay to evaluate toxicity of aromatic acids to cucumber seedlings[J].Allelopathy Journal,2001,8(2):161-170
[27]马彦霞,王晓巍,张玉鑫,郁继华.番茄幼苗对不同茬栽培基质浸液化感作用的响应[J].中国蔬菜,2017(4):24-30
[28]郑景瑶,岳中辉,田宇,刘宝林,郭立波.问荆水浸液对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应初探[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):191-196
[29]郭凤霞,武志江,陈垣,席倬霞,张小虎,姚立荣,陈翔.蒙古黄芪种子水浸液对不同种党参种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(22):3375-3380
[30]Bezrukova M V,Aval'Baev A M,Kil'Dibekova A R,Fatkhutdinova R A,Shakirova F M.Interaction of wheat lectin with 24-Epibrassinolide in the regulation of cell division in wheat roots[J].Doklady Biological Sciences,2002,387(1/2/3/4/5/6):533-535
[31]彭晓邦,张硕新.小麦秸秆水浸液对3种中药材的化感效应[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(2):120-125
[32]刘忠玲,王庆成,郝龙飞.白桦、落叶松不同器官水浸液对种子萌发和播种苗生长的种间化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3138-3144
[33]王芳,常盼盼,陈永平,彭云玲,方永丰,王汉宁.外源NO对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):178-186
[34]王腾飞,裴玉贺,郭新梅,李军,宋希云.3个玉米品种苗期耐寒性鉴定[J].核农学报,2017,31(4):803-808
[35]Luo A,Liu J,Ma D,Wang X,Liang Z.Increment of antioxidase activity of transgenic tobacco with betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase[J].Science Bulletin,2001,46(6):492-495
[36]Zhang S Z,Hua B Z,Zhang F.Induction of the activities of antioxidative enzymes and the levels of malondialdehyde in cucumber seedlings as a consequence of Bemisia tabaci(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)infestation[J].Arthropod-Plant Interactions,2008,2(4):209-213
[37]Thakur S,Singh L,Zularisam A W,Sakinah M,Din M F M.Lead induced oxidative stress and alteration in the activities of antioxidative enzymes in rice shoots[J].Biologia Plantarum,2016,11(4):1-4
[38]李晶,赵先龙,乔天长,顾万荣,焦健,李改玲,罗宁,魏湜.秸秆腐解液对玉米幼苗的生理效应及酚酸类化感成分的检测[J].核农学报,2015,29(9):1799-1805
[39]邹丽娜,周志宇,颜淑云,秦彧.盐分胁迫对紫穗槐幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(3):84-90