基于膜及其集成过程的中药“绿色浓缩”技术研究进展、关键科学问题与对策
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摘要
中药工业能耗惊人,能耗的重头浓缩工段的蒸汽耗量约占全厂的60%左右,甚至更高。膜浓缩技术具有"能耗小、成本低"的重要优势,但因不同膜过程本身技术原理所造成的各自缺陷,而受到制约。引进国际先进的膜集成设计策略与方法,针对有望适用于中药物料浓缩需求的"反渗透与膜蒸馏集成"的技术关键——浓缩过程对中药物料流变性的劣化及其对膜传质作用的拮抗,以代表性中药复方为实验体系,借鉴流变学理论与计算流体力学(CFD)手段,通过工艺过程动态精密分析,建立"时间-物料流变学特征-膜传质过程"三维模型;融合多学科手段,探索中药物料流变学规律及其对膜浓缩过程的影响,阐述膜浓缩过程对中药物料的传质作用及机制,寻找临界渗透压(反渗透过程)与临界通量(膜蒸馏过程)2个关键工艺参数的平衡点,探索"反渗透"与"膜蒸馏"2种膜过程的优化组合方案。破解膜浓缩工艺中药行业产业化的技术瓶颈,为其成套技术设备研制及工艺设计提供支撑,促进中药制药工程理论和技术创新。
The energy consumption of Chinese materia medica industry is astonishing. The steam consumption of the heavy concentrating section accounts for about 60% of the whole plant, or even higher. Membrane concentration technology has the important advantages of "low energy consumption and low cost", but it is restricted by the respective defects caused by the technical principles of different membrane processes. Our research group introduces the international advanced integrated design strategy and method in view of the key technology of "reverse osmosis and membrane distillation integration" which is expected to suitable for the concentrated demand of Chinese medicine pharmaceutical industry. Taking the representative Chinese herbal compound prescription as the experimental system, a three-dimensional model of "time-material rheological characteristics-membrane mass transfer process" was established by using rheological theory and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) as experimental system and dynamic and precise analysis of technological process. The rheological law of traditional Chinese medicine materials and its influence on membrane concentration process were explored by means of multi-disciplinary methods. The mass transfer effect and mechanism of membrane concentration process on traditional Chinese medicine materials were elaborated. The equilibrium points of critical osmotic pressure(RO process) and critical flux(membrane distillation process) were found. The optimal combination schemes of reverse osmosis(RO) and membrane distillation(MD) were explored. In short, we solved the key technical problems of the membrane concentration process, which provided support for the complete set of technical equipment and the technological design, and promoted the theoretical and technological innovation of TCM pharmaceutical engineering.
The energy consumption of Chinese materia medica industry is astonishing. The steam consumption of the heavy concentrating section accounts for about 60% of the whole plant, or even higher. Membrane concentration technology has the important advantages of "low energy consumption and low cost", but it is restricted by the respective defects caused by the technical principles of different membrane processes. Our research group introduces the international advanced integrated design strategy and method in view of the key technology of "reverse osmosis and membrane distillation integration" which is expected to suitable for the concentrated demand of Chinese medicine pharmaceutical industry. Taking the representative Chinese herbal compound prescription as the experimental system, a three-dimensional model of "time-material rheological characteristics-membrane mass transfer process" was established by using rheological theory and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) as experimental system and dynamic and precise analysis of technological process. The rheological law of traditional Chinese medicine materials and its influence on membrane concentration process were explored by means of multi-disciplinary methods. The mass transfer effect and mechanism of membrane concentration process on traditional Chinese medicine materials were elaborated. The equilibrium points of critical osmotic pressure(RO process) and critical flux(membrane distillation process) were found. The optimal combination schemes of reverse osmosis(RO) and membrane distillation(MD) were explored. In short, we solved the key technical problems of the membrane concentration process, which provided support for the complete set of technical equipment and the technological design, and promoted the theoretical and technological innovation of TCM pharmaceutical engineering.
引文
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[18]于健飞,丁忠伟,龙秉文,等.用直接接触式膜蒸馏浓缩中药提取液[J].北京化工大学学报,2008,35(2):10-13.
[19]李建梅,王树源,徐志康,等.真空膜蒸馏法浓缩益母草及赤芍提取液的实验研究[J].中成药,2004,26(5):423-424.
[20]黄荣荣,贾琰,周全生,等.真空膜蒸馏浓缩枇杷叶提取液的可行性研究[J].江苏工业学院学报,2007,19(4):25-28.
[21]杨祖金,袁雨婕,葛发欢,等.纳滤技术在中药浓缩中的应用[J].中药材,2008,31(6):910-912.
[22]罗菊芬,王寿根,蔡惠如,等.纳滤膜在医药中间体浓缩中的应用[J].医药工程设计杂志,2001,22(3):18-21.
[23]叶勇,张永波.复方中药膜分离工艺和节能性研究[J].时珍国医国药,2008,19(8):1884-1885.
[24]洪宜斌,曹礼群,李五洲,等.反渗透膜过滤在胡芦巴提取中的应用[J].现代中药研究与实践,2003,17(6):41-43.
[25]熊涛,吴刘健,熊伟,等.大蒜素纳滤纯化工艺研究[J].食品与发酵工业,2006,32(6):143-146.
[26]肖文军,刘仲华,邓欣.膜过程集成提纯茶黄素的研究[J].膜科学与技术,2005,25(4):79-84.
[27]钟蕾,赵汉臣,闫荟,等.膜分离技术与传统工艺对六味地黄方活性多糖富集效果的比较[J].药学实践杂志,2007,25(6):386-390.
[28]袁亮,周显宏,肖凯军,等.多级膜浓缩黄芩苷提取液的研究[J].现代食品科技,2008,24(3):237-240.
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[30]钟海雁,袁列江,李忠海,等.柑桔汁反渗透浓缩的研究[J].食品科技,2002,9(9):52-55.
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