太湖西岸出入湖河口氮磷消减特征
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摘要
河流水体污染物消减作用是降低其入湖通量的重要方式,为探明太湖河流氮磷污染物消减速率时空变化特征,研究采用自主研发的原位培养装置,开展了太湖西岸出入湖河口总氮绝对消减速率(TNR_绝)、总氮相对消减速率(TNR_相)、总磷绝对消减速率(TPR_绝)、总磷相对消减速率(TPR_相)的变化特征研究。结果表明:西北部和西部河流夏、秋季TNR_绝和TPR_绝高于春、冬季,南部河流则为秋、冬季高于春、夏季。夏季西部和西北部河流TNR_绝和TPR_绝高于南部,冬季则相反,春、秋两季空间差异不明显。颗粒态总氮(PTN)浓度及水温是TNR_绝时空差异性的主要影响因素。TP浓度是TPR_绝的季节差异性的主要原因,不同季节TPR_绝空间差异的主要影响因素不同,春、夏、秋、冬四季主要影响因素分别为p H等水体物理性质、TP浓度和SS浓度、SS浓度、TP浓度。TNR_绝和TPR绝及其初始浓度是TNR_相和TPR_相时空差异的主要原因。
Reducing rivers nitrogen and phosphorus is an important method that can control the lakes nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. In order to explore the spatial and temporal variations of rivers nitrogen and phosphorus reduction rates around the Lake Taihu,total nitrogen( TN) and total phosphorus( TP) absolute reduction rates( Ra) and relative reduction rates( Rr) were measured through self-developed in-situ devices in the inlet rivers around west Lake Taihu in four seasons between 2014 and 2016. The TNRa of northwest and west rivers in summer or autumn were higher than those in spring or winter,and the TNRa of south rivers in autumn or winter were higher than those in spring or summer. In the summer the TNRa and TPRa of northwest and west rivers were significantly higher than that southwest rivers,and the rates of south rivers in winter were significantly higher than others( P < 0. 05). The rivers spatio-temporal TNRa differences were affected by particalate total nitrogen( PTN)and the seasonal water temperatures. The seasonal TPRa difference of was caused by seasonal difference of TP concentrations. The main reasons that affect season TPRa were various. The spring main factors were water physical properties such as p H,and the summer factor were TP and suspended solids; whereas the main autumn and winter factors were only suspended solids and TP,respectively. Those Lake Taihu rivers TNRr and TPRr were affected by TNRa and TPRa and its initial TN and TP concentration.
Reducing rivers nitrogen and phosphorus is an important method that can control the lakes nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. In order to explore the spatial and temporal variations of rivers nitrogen and phosphorus reduction rates around the Lake Taihu,total nitrogen( TN) and total phosphorus( TP) absolute reduction rates( Ra) and relative reduction rates( Rr) were measured through self-developed in-situ devices in the inlet rivers around west Lake Taihu in four seasons between 2014 and 2016. The TNRa of northwest and west rivers in summer or autumn were higher than those in spring or winter,and the TNRa of south rivers in autumn or winter were higher than those in spring or summer. In the summer the TNRa and TPRa of northwest and west rivers were significantly higher than that southwest rivers,and the rates of south rivers in winter were significantly higher than others( P < 0. 05). The rivers spatio-temporal TNRa differences were affected by particalate total nitrogen( PTN)and the seasonal water temperatures. The seasonal TPRa difference of was caused by seasonal difference of TP concentrations. The main reasons that affect season TPRa were various. The spring main factors were water physical properties such as p H,and the summer factor were TP and suspended solids; whereas the main autumn and winter factors were only suspended solids and TP,respectively. Those Lake Taihu rivers TNRr and TPRr were affected by TNRa and TPRa and its initial TN and TP concentration.
引文
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[9]朱广伟.太湖水质的时空分异特征及其与水华的关系[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(5):439-445.【ZHU G W.Spatio-temporal distribution pattern of water quality in lake Taihu and its relation with cyanobacterial blooms[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2009,18(5):439-445.】
[10]邓建才,陈桥,翟水晶,等.太湖水体中氮、磷空间分布特征及环境效应[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3382-3386.【DENG J C,CHEN Q,QU S J,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics and environmental effect of N and P in waterbody of Taihu lake[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(12):3382-3386.】
[11]TOWNSEND-SMALL A,MCCARTHY M J,BRANDES J A,et al.Stable isotopic composition of nitrate in Lake Taihu,China,and major inflow rivers[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,581(1):135-140.
[12]朱梦圆,朱广伟,王永平.太湖蓝藻水华衰亡对沉积物氮、磷释放的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(2):409-415.【ZHU M Y,ZHU G W,WANG Y P.Influence of scum of algal bloom on the release of N and P from sediments of lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(2):409-415.】
[13]张路,范成新,池俏俏,等.太湖及其主要入湖河流沉积磷形态分布研究[J].地球化学,2004,33(4):423-432.【ZHANG L,FAN C X,CHI Q Q,et al.Phosphorus species distribution of sediment in Lake Taihu and its main inflow rivers[J].Geochimica,2004,33(4):423-432.】
[14]郭加汛,彭俊翔,张海涛,等.太湖流域典型河流含氮物消减速率研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):3026-3032.【GUO J X,PENG J X,ZHANG H T,et al.Study on reduction rates of nitrogen pollution in typical rivers of Taihu Basin[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(10):3026-3032.】
[15]金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范[M].第2版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.【JIN X C,TU Q Y.Lake eutrophication investigation specification[M].Version 2.Beijing:China environmental science press,1990.】
[16]张旋,王启山,于淼,等.基于聚类分析和水质标识指数的水质评价方法[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(2):476-480.【ZHANG X,WANG Q S,YU M,et al.An approach for water quality assessment based on hierarchical cluster analysis and comprehensive water quality identification index[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(2):476-480.】
[17]KAZI T G,ARAIN M B,JAMALI M K,et al.Assessment of water quality of polluted lake using multivariate statistical techniques:A case study[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2009,72(2):301-309.
[18]李一平,逄勇,李勇.水动力作用下太湖底泥的再悬浮通量[J].水利学报,2007,38(5):558-564.【LI Y P,PANG Y,LI Y.Resuspended flux of sediment in Taihu Lake under hydrodynamic action[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(5):558-564.】
[19]ZHAO Y,XIA Y,TI C,et al.Nitrogen removal capacity of the river network in a high nitrogen loading region[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(3):1427-35.
[20]LIU T,XIA X H,LIU S,et al.Acceleration of denitrification in turbid rivers due to denitrification occurring on suspended sediment in oxic waters[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(9):4053-4061.
[21]YAO X,ZHANG L,ZHANG Y,et al.Denitrification occurring on suspended sediment in a large,shallow,subtropical lake(Poyang Lake,China)[J].Environmental Pollution(2016),http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.073.
[22]马立珊.苏南太湖水系农业非点源氮污染及其控制对策研究[J].应用生态学报,1992,3(4):346-354.【MA L S.Nitrogen pollution from agricultural non-point sources and its control in water system of Taihu Lake[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1992,3(4):346-354.】
[23]ABSALON D,MATYSIK M.Changes in water quality and runoff in the Upper Oder River Basin[J].Geomorphology,2007,92(3/4):106-118.
[24]赵家虎,高俊峰,刘聚涛,等.应用MODIS监测太湖蓝藻水华时空分布特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(12):1475-1480.【ZHANG J H,GAO J F,LIU J T.Determination of spatial and temporal distribution of cyanobacterial water bloom in Taihu Lake using MODIS image data[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(12):1475-1480.】
[25]林海芳.城镇生活污水排放对钱塘江流域水质的胁迫及治理对策研究[D].浙江大学,2001.【LIN M F.Adverse stress of urban domestic wastewater discharge on water quality of Qiantangjiang River and relevant regulating countermeasures[D].Zhangjiang University,2001.】
[26]吴馨婷,祁闯,许晓光,等.太湖蓝藻衰亡过程中水体营养盐的响应[J].环境科学学学报,2016.【WU X T,QI C,XU X G,et al.The response of dissolved nutrients during the decay of cyanobacteria in Lake Taihu[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016.】
[27]刘海燕,周新革,马晓宇,等.p H值对黄河沉积物磷吸附的影响[J].内蒙古环境科学,2007,19(4):72-74.【LIU H Y,ZHOU G X,MAO X Y,et al.Impact of p H value on phosphorus adsorption of sediment in Huang river[J].Inner Mongolian Environmental Sciences,2007,19(4):72-74.】
[28]陈明洪,方红卫,陈志和,等.泥沙颗粒表面磷吸附分布的实验研究[J].泥沙研究,2009(4):51-57.【CHEN H M,FANG H W,CHEN Z H,et al.Experiment of phosphorus distribution on sediment surface[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2009(4):51-57.】
[29]郭长城,喻国华,王国祥.河流泥沙对污染河水中污染物的吸附特性研究[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(6):1151-1155.【GUO C C,YU G H,WANG G X.Adsorption properties of sediment to pollutants of contaminated river water[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(6):1151-1155.】
[30]XIA B,ZHANG Q H,YANG J S,et al.Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Flow Turbulence on the Adsorption of Phosphorus onto Sediment Particles[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2012,212-213:299-306.
[31]吕平毓,黄文典,李嘉.河流悬移质对含磷污染物吸附试验研究[J].水利水电技术,2005,36(10):93-96.【LV P Y,HUANG W D,LI J.Study on adsorption experiment for phosphorous pollutant with suspended sediment[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2005,36(10):93-96.】
[2]QIN B,ZHU G,GAO G,et al.A drinking water crisis in Lake Taihu,China:linkage to climatic variability and lake management[J].Environmental Management,2010,45(1):105-12.
[3]CAI Q,GAO X,CHEN Y,et al.Dynamic variations of water quality in Taihu lake and multivariate analysis of its influential factors[J].Chinese Geographical Science,1996,6(4):364-374.
[4]卢少勇,焦伟,王强,等.环太湖河流水质时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(11):1220-1225.【LU S Y,JIAO W,WANG Q,et al.Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of water quality of rivers around Taihu lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,24(11):1220-1225.】
[5]高永霞,宋玉芝,于江华,等.环太湖不同性质河流水体磷的时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1404-1412.【GAO Y X,SONG Y Z,YU J H,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of different forms of phosphorus in three sorts of rivers around lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(4):1404-1412.】
[6]刘德鸿,余居华,钟继承,等.太湖流域典型河网水体氮磷负荷及迁移特征[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(1):125-132.【LIU D H,YU J H,ZHONG J C,et al.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loading and migration in typical river networks in Taihu lake basin[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):125-132.】
[7]韩梅,周小平,程媛华,等.环太湖主要河流氮素组成特征及来源[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(12):1450-1457.【HAN M,ZHOU X P,CHENG Y H,et al.Study on the sources and characteristics of nitrogen in the major rivers of Taihu lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(12):1450-1457.】
[8]WANG X L,LU Y L,HAN J Y,et al.Identification of anthropogenic influences on water quality of rivers in Taihu watershed[J].Journal of Environment Sciences,2007,19(4):475-81.
[9]朱广伟.太湖水质的时空分异特征及其与水华的关系[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(5):439-445.【ZHU G W.Spatio-temporal distribution pattern of water quality in lake Taihu and its relation with cyanobacterial blooms[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2009,18(5):439-445.】
[10]邓建才,陈桥,翟水晶,等.太湖水体中氮、磷空间分布特征及环境效应[J].环境科学,2008,29(12):3382-3386.【DENG J C,CHEN Q,QU S J,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics and environmental effect of N and P in waterbody of Taihu lake[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(12):3382-3386.】
[11]TOWNSEND-SMALL A,MCCARTHY M J,BRANDES J A,et al.Stable isotopic composition of nitrate in Lake Taihu,China,and major inflow rivers[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,581(1):135-140.
[12]朱梦圆,朱广伟,王永平.太湖蓝藻水华衰亡对沉积物氮、磷释放的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(2):409-415.【ZHU M Y,ZHU G W,WANG Y P.Influence of scum of algal bloom on the release of N and P from sediments of lake Taihu[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(2):409-415.】
[13]张路,范成新,池俏俏,等.太湖及其主要入湖河流沉积磷形态分布研究[J].地球化学,2004,33(4):423-432.【ZHANG L,FAN C X,CHI Q Q,et al.Phosphorus species distribution of sediment in Lake Taihu and its main inflow rivers[J].Geochimica,2004,33(4):423-432.】
[14]郭加汛,彭俊翔,张海涛,等.太湖流域典型河流含氮物消减速率研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):3026-3032.【GUO J X,PENG J X,ZHANG H T,et al.Study on reduction rates of nitrogen pollution in typical rivers of Taihu Basin[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(10):3026-3032.】
[15]金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范[M].第2版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.【JIN X C,TU Q Y.Lake eutrophication investigation specification[M].Version 2.Beijing:China environmental science press,1990.】
[16]张旋,王启山,于淼,等.基于聚类分析和水质标识指数的水质评价方法[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(2):476-480.【ZHANG X,WANG Q S,YU M,et al.An approach for water quality assessment based on hierarchical cluster analysis and comprehensive water quality identification index[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(2):476-480.】
[17]KAZI T G,ARAIN M B,JAMALI M K,et al.Assessment of water quality of polluted lake using multivariate statistical techniques:A case study[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2009,72(2):301-309.
[18]李一平,逄勇,李勇.水动力作用下太湖底泥的再悬浮通量[J].水利学报,2007,38(5):558-564.【LI Y P,PANG Y,LI Y.Resuspended flux of sediment in Taihu Lake under hydrodynamic action[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(5):558-564.】
[19]ZHAO Y,XIA Y,TI C,et al.Nitrogen removal capacity of the river network in a high nitrogen loading region[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(3):1427-35.
[20]LIU T,XIA X H,LIU S,et al.Acceleration of denitrification in turbid rivers due to denitrification occurring on suspended sediment in oxic waters[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(9):4053-4061.
[21]YAO X,ZHANG L,ZHANG Y,et al.Denitrification occurring on suspended sediment in a large,shallow,subtropical lake(Poyang Lake,China)[J].Environmental Pollution(2016),http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.073.
[22]马立珊.苏南太湖水系农业非点源氮污染及其控制对策研究[J].应用生态学报,1992,3(4):346-354.【MA L S.Nitrogen pollution from agricultural non-point sources and its control in water system of Taihu Lake[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1992,3(4):346-354.】
[23]ABSALON D,MATYSIK M.Changes in water quality and runoff in the Upper Oder River Basin[J].Geomorphology,2007,92(3/4):106-118.
[24]赵家虎,高俊峰,刘聚涛,等.应用MODIS监测太湖蓝藻水华时空分布特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(12):1475-1480.【ZHANG J H,GAO J F,LIU J T.Determination of spatial and temporal distribution of cyanobacterial water bloom in Taihu Lake using MODIS image data[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(12):1475-1480.】
[25]林海芳.城镇生活污水排放对钱塘江流域水质的胁迫及治理对策研究[D].浙江大学,2001.【LIN M F.Adverse stress of urban domestic wastewater discharge on water quality of Qiantangjiang River and relevant regulating countermeasures[D].Zhangjiang University,2001.】
[26]吴馨婷,祁闯,许晓光,等.太湖蓝藻衰亡过程中水体营养盐的响应[J].环境科学学学报,2016.【WU X T,QI C,XU X G,et al.The response of dissolved nutrients during the decay of cyanobacteria in Lake Taihu[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016.】
[27]刘海燕,周新革,马晓宇,等.p H值对黄河沉积物磷吸附的影响[J].内蒙古环境科学,2007,19(4):72-74.【LIU H Y,ZHOU G X,MAO X Y,et al.Impact of p H value on phosphorus adsorption of sediment in Huang river[J].Inner Mongolian Environmental Sciences,2007,19(4):72-74.】
[28]陈明洪,方红卫,陈志和,等.泥沙颗粒表面磷吸附分布的实验研究[J].泥沙研究,2009(4):51-57.【CHEN H M,FANG H W,CHEN Z H,et al.Experiment of phosphorus distribution on sediment surface[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2009(4):51-57.】
[29]郭长城,喻国华,王国祥.河流泥沙对污染河水中污染物的吸附特性研究[J].生态环境学报,2006,15(6):1151-1155.【GUO C C,YU G H,WANG G X.Adsorption properties of sediment to pollutants of contaminated river water[J].Ecology and Environment,2006,15(6):1151-1155.】
[30]XIA B,ZHANG Q H,YANG J S,et al.Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Flow Turbulence on the Adsorption of Phosphorus onto Sediment Particles[J].Applied Mechanics&Materials,2012,212-213:299-306.
[31]吕平毓,黄文典,李嘉.河流悬移质对含磷污染物吸附试验研究[J].水利水电技术,2005,36(10):93-96.【LV P Y,HUANG W D,LI J.Study on adsorption experiment for phosphorous pollutant with suspended sediment[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2005,36(10):93-96.】
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