基于多源遥感数据的土地整治生态环境质量动态监测
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摘要
土地整治生态转型是土地整治发展的必然趋势,在项目区尺度进行科学合理、客观直接、长期全面的生态环境质量监测评估具有重要意义。该研究基于多源遥感数据,选取典型土地整治项目,运用主成分分析法构建RSEI(remote sensing ecological index)模型,反演得到湿度、绿度、热度、干度指标以及RSEI指数,实现对项目区整治过程中生态环境质量变化的监测与分析。研究结果表明:1)湿度和绿度指标对项目区生态环境质量具有正向作用,而热度和干度指标起负向作用,且干度指标的影响最大;2)RSEI总均值在整治前、中、后分别为0.652、0.572和0.605;RSEI等级中的优良等级在整治前、中、后所占比例分别为78.73%、39.55%和63.29%;RSEI变差、不变和变好的比例分比为42.55%、46.25%和11.20%;3)项目区生态环境质量呈现"先下降-后上升-整体下降"的态势,表现为"整治期变差-恢复期变好-全过程变差"的总体特征,土地整治对项目区生态环境的扰动具有持续性,区域生态环境恢复与改善存在滞后期,在项目竣工5年后项目区的生态环境质量水平仍低于整治前。
Land consolidation is one of the important means to safeguard national food security, support rural revitalization strategy, optimize the allocation of land resources, and promote the construction of ecological civilization. Ecological transformation is the inevitable trend for the development of land consolidation. It is quite important to carry out scientific and reasonable, objective and direct, and long-term comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of ecological environmental quality at project area scale. Based on remote sensing technology, RSEI(remote sensing ecological index) model can quickly, objectively and quantitatively evaluate regional ecological environment quality, and realize visual representation, time-space analysis, simulation and prediction of regional ecological environment quality changes. Applying multi-source remote sensing data and taking 6 years before and after land consolidation as study period, this research constructed the RSEI model with principal component analysis, and retrieved values of the wetness, greenness, heat, and dryness indicators and RSEI index to monitor and analyze ecological environmental quality in a typical land consolidation project. The standard values in the research are: 1) RSEI ranges from 0 to 1, and the closer to 1 the value, the better the ecological environment quality. 2) The RSEI basic level is divided into 5 levels from small to large, i.e. "poor, inferior, medium, good, and excellent". 3) Based on the RSEI basic level, the RSEI level is divided into 9 subdivision levels(from-4 to 4) and 3 classes(worse, unchanged and better). All negative subdivision levels are classified as "worse", 0-value is classified as "unchanged", and all positive subdivision levels are classified as "better". The result shows: 1) The wetness and greenness indicators have a positive effect on promoting the ecological environment quality of the region, while the heat and dryness indicators have a restraining effect on the regional ecological environment quality, and the dryness indicator is more significant than the other 3 indicators. 2) Before, during, and after the land consolidation, the mean values of RSEI are 0.652, 0.572, and 0.605, respectively, and the proportion of excellent plus good RSEI class accounts for 78.73%, 39.55%, and 63.29% respectively in 3 periods. Meanwhile, the degenerated, unchanged, and improved RSEI classes are 42.55%, 46.25%, and 11.20% of the total area, respectively. 3) In this project area, the ecological environment quality presents a trend of decreasing firstly and increasing later, with an overall trend of decreasing, which are the characteristics of "turning worse during the consolidation period, getting better during the recovery period, and becoming worse in the overall process". Land consolidation causes persistent disturbance to the ecological environment, and there is a lag to restore and improve regional ecological environment. Five years after the project completion, the ecological environment quality level is still lower than before. The project area is the direct target of land consolidation and the carrier of benefit manifestation. This study can provide certain theoretical guidance and method reference for the continuous monitoring and dynamic assessment of ecological environment quality at the project area scale. Furthermore, it can provide certain method reference and data support to improve the local ecological environment, ensure the quality of cultivated land, improve agricultural production conditions, and promote regional sustainable development in some degree.
Land consolidation is one of the important means to safeguard national food security, support rural revitalization strategy, optimize the allocation of land resources, and promote the construction of ecological civilization. Ecological transformation is the inevitable trend for the development of land consolidation. It is quite important to carry out scientific and reasonable, objective and direct, and long-term comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of ecological environmental quality at project area scale. Based on remote sensing technology, RSEI(remote sensing ecological index) model can quickly, objectively and quantitatively evaluate regional ecological environment quality, and realize visual representation, time-space analysis, simulation and prediction of regional ecological environment quality changes. Applying multi-source remote sensing data and taking 6 years before and after land consolidation as study period, this research constructed the RSEI model with principal component analysis, and retrieved values of the wetness, greenness, heat, and dryness indicators and RSEI index to monitor and analyze ecological environmental quality in a typical land consolidation project. The standard values in the research are: 1) RSEI ranges from 0 to 1, and the closer to 1 the value, the better the ecological environment quality. 2) The RSEI basic level is divided into 5 levels from small to large, i.e. "poor, inferior, medium, good, and excellent". 3) Based on the RSEI basic level, the RSEI level is divided into 9 subdivision levels(from-4 to 4) and 3 classes(worse, unchanged and better). All negative subdivision levels are classified as "worse", 0-value is classified as "unchanged", and all positive subdivision levels are classified as "better". The result shows: 1) The wetness and greenness indicators have a positive effect on promoting the ecological environment quality of the region, while the heat and dryness indicators have a restraining effect on the regional ecological environment quality, and the dryness indicator is more significant than the other 3 indicators. 2) Before, during, and after the land consolidation, the mean values of RSEI are 0.652, 0.572, and 0.605, respectively, and the proportion of excellent plus good RSEI class accounts for 78.73%, 39.55%, and 63.29% respectively in 3 periods. Meanwhile, the degenerated, unchanged, and improved RSEI classes are 42.55%, 46.25%, and 11.20% of the total area, respectively. 3) In this project area, the ecological environment quality presents a trend of decreasing firstly and increasing later, with an overall trend of decreasing, which are the characteristics of "turning worse during the consolidation period, getting better during the recovery period, and becoming worse in the overall process". Land consolidation causes persistent disturbance to the ecological environment, and there is a lag to restore and improve regional ecological environment. Five years after the project completion, the ecological environment quality level is still lower than before. The project area is the direct target of land consolidation and the carrier of benefit manifestation. This study can provide certain theoretical guidance and method reference for the continuous monitoring and dynamic assessment of ecological environment quality at the project area scale. Furthermore, it can provide certain method reference and data support to improve the local ecological environment, ensure the quality of cultivated land, improve agricultural production conditions, and promote regional sustainable development in some degree.
引文
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[4]王军,钟莉娜.土地整治工作中生态建设问题及发展建议[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(5):308-314.Wang Jun,Zhong Lina.Problems and suggestion for developing ecological construction in land management work[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(5):308-314.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]郧宛琪,朱道林,汤怀志.中国土地整治战略重塑与创新[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(4):1-8.Yun Wanqi,Zhu Daolin,Tang Huaizhi.Reshaping and innovation of China land consolidation strategy[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2016,32(4):1-8.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[7]柴燕妮,魏冠军,侯伟,等.空间视角下的多尺度生态环境质量评价方法[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(2):596-604.Chai Yanni,Wei Guanjun,Hou Wei,et al.Multi-scale eco-environmental quality evaluation method from a spatial perspective[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(2):596-604.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]王晓君,吴敬学,蒋和平.中国农村生态环境质量动态评价及未来发展趋势预测[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(5):864-876.Wang Xiaojun,Wu Jingxue,Jiang Heping.Dynamic assessment and trend prediction of rural eco-environmental quality in China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(5):864-876.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]顾成林,李雪铭.基于模糊综合评价法的城市生态环境质量综合评价:以大连市为例[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(3):172-187.Gu Chenglin,Li Xueming.The evaluation of urban ecological environment quality based on fruzzy comprehensive evaluation method-case of Dalian[J].Environmental Science and Management,2012,37(3):172-187.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[11]Malekmohammadi B,Blouchi L R.Ecological risk assessment of wetland ecosystems using multi criteria decision making and geographic information system[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,41:133-144.
[12]傅伯杰,刘宇.国际生态系统观测研究计划及启示[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(7):893-902.Fu Bojie,Liu Yu.Global ecosystem observation and research programs:Evolution and insights for future development[J].Progress in Geography,2014,33(7):893-902.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]徐涵秋.城市遥感生态指数的创建及其应用[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7853-7862.Xu Hanqiu.A remote sensing urban ecological index and its application[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2013,33(24):7853-7862.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]董玉红,刘世梁,王军,等.基于景观格局的土地整理风险与固碳功能评价[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(7):246-253.Dong Yuhong,Liu Shiliang,Wang Jun,et al.Assessment of risk and carbon sequestration function of land consolidation based on landscape pattern[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(7):246-253.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]郭贝贝,金晓斌,林忆南,等.基于生态流方法的土地整治项目对农田生态系统的影响研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):7669-7681.Guo Beibei,Jin Xiaobin,Lin Yinan,et al.Determining the effect of the land consolidation project on the cropland ecosystem based on the ecological flow method[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2015,35(23):7669-7681.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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