我国人工智能治理面临的机遇和挑战:基于科技公共治理视角
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摘要
建立健全人工智能治理体系,是保障人工智能健康发展的必然要求。人工智能治理的核心议题是风险和收益的平衡,以及相关公共决策的知识合法性和参与合法性的协调。本文基于科技公共治理视角,分析了人工智能治理的两个面相,介绍了各国在人工智能治理方面的探索及面临的挑战。在梳理我国人工智能治理实践的基础上,从原则、制度建设和工具开发三个层面提出了改进我国人工智能治理体系建设的建议。
The prerequisite for the development of trustworthy Artificial Intelligence(AI) is to establish a good governance system. Balancing benefits and risks, dealing with the tension between "knowledge-based legitimacy" and "participation-based legitimacy", are core issues of the governance of AI. After a brief introduction on the concept of "governance of S&T", this paper discusses two major facets of the governance of AI, i.e., the governance of impacts and the governance of technologies. Then, international experiences are introduced. In the last part, based on the analysis of practices and challenges of the governance of AI in China,suggestions are made to improve the governance of AI in China.
The prerequisite for the development of trustworthy Artificial Intelligence(AI) is to establish a good governance system. Balancing benefits and risks, dealing with the tension between "knowledge-based legitimacy" and "participation-based legitimacy", are core issues of the governance of AI. After a brief introduction on the concept of "governance of S&T", this paper discusses two major facets of the governance of AI, i.e., the governance of impacts and the governance of technologies. Then, international experiences are introduced. In the last part, based on the analysis of practices and challenges of the governance of AI in China,suggestions are made to improve the governance of AI in China.
引文
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[2]俞可平.国家治理评估:中国与世界[M].北京:中央编译局出版社,2009:3-8.
[3]翟晓梅,邱仁宗.合成生物学的伦理和管治[N].科学时报,2010-7-19.
[4]卢阳旭,龚旭.科学资助中的控制权分配--以科学基金机构职能变迁为例[J].科学学研究,2019(3).
[5]诺沃特尼,斯科特,吉本斯.反思科学:不确定性时代的知识与公众[M].冷民,等,译.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2011.
[6]马森,魏因加.专业知识的民主化:探寻科学咨询的新模式[M].姜江等译.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2010.
[7]王奋宇,卢阳旭,何光喜.对我国科技公共治理问题的若干思考[J].中国软科学,2015(1).
[8]国家人工智能标准化总体组.人工智能伦理风险分析报告[R].2019.http://www.cesi.ac.cn/201904/5036.html.
[9]贾开,蒋余浩.人工智能治理的三个基本问题:技术逻辑、风险挑战与公共政策选择[J].中国行政管理,2017(10).
[10]汝绪华.算法政治:风险、发生逻辑与治理[J].厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(6).
[11]曾毅.构建新一代人工智能准则[N].光明日报,2019-1-24(16).
[12]Margulis,S T.Privacy As a Social Issue And Behavioral Concept[J].Journal of Social Issues2003.59(2):243-261.
[13]Bamberger,K A,Muligan,D K.2015,Privacy on the ground:driving corporate behavior in the united states and Europe[M],MIT Press.
[14]克雷格,卢德洛芙.大数据与隐私:利益博弈者、监管者和利益相关者[M].赵亮、武青译.2016.长春:东北大学出版社.
[15]汪庆华.人工智能的法律规制路径:一个框架性讨论[J].现代法学,2019(2).
[16]皮凯蒂.21世纪资本论[M].巴曙松,等,译.北京:中信出版社,2014.
[17]何哲.人工智能时代的政府适应与转型[J].行政管理改革,2016(8).