开合旋构造体系及其形成机制探讨:兼论板块构造的动力学机制
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摘要
开合构造总体上可以表述为:地球膨胀为开,收缩为合;垂向上地球物质离心(地心)运动为开,向心运动为合;水平方向上地球物质相背运动为开,相向运动为合。从驱动机制角度,我们把以热力(热能)为主体驱动的上浮物质运动定义为开;将重力(势能)为主体驱动的下沉物质运动定义为合。因此,开与合是一个高度综合的概念,具有广阔的内涵,开合运动是联系一切地质运动和地质科学的纽带。开合运动具有同步统一性,即垂向的开在水平方向也表现为开;垂向开得强烈,水平方向同样开得强烈,反之亦然。地球刚形成时诸多开合构造是无序的,地球的旋转运动统领地球上所有物质、能量、运动和大大小小的各种开合构造于旋转运动中,并将它们调剂到有序状态。简言之开合构造体系是开合旋运动长期作用下形成的不同时期、不同层次、不同级别的开合旋回组成的动态平衡构造体系。本文总结了地球开合旋构造体系物质组成、结构构造特征和规律,建立了开合旋复杂构造体系简要模型。提出平衡体系的形成机制是开合旋运动遵循地球重力均衡准则、最小内能原理(结晶化)、几何淘汰生长(垂直地心生长)和物质均匀化四条自然演化规律,其中重力均衡准则是主导的。由于地质事件(构造运动)在破坏开合旋平衡体系的同时,经常直接或间接向体系内输入新能量,往往使新的旋回比老旋回的结构构造更符合地质演化的自然规律,于是使地球显得更强大而有活力。这一次又一次的地质事件(构造运动)是开合旋构造体系螺旋式向前发展的动因。本文最后用开合构造观点探讨了地球的形成和演化,分析了板块构造运动的动力学过程。
The opening-closing tectonics can generally be explained as that the‘opening'refers to Earth's expansion and ‘closing'to Earth's contraction.Viewing vertically,the centrifugal movement(from the Earth center)is opening while the centripetal movement closing;viewing horizontally,the divergent movement of Earth material means opening and the convergent movement closing.Judging from the driving mechanism,we define ‘opening'as the upward material movement driven by thermal force(thermal energy)and ‘closing'as the subsided material movement mainly driven by gravity(potential energy).Therefore,opening and closing are highly comprehensive concepts with broad means.Opening-closing movement is a link between all geological movements and geological sciences.Opening-closing movement behaves synchronously with unity.That is to say,vertical opening behaves as opening horizontally,and intensive vertical opening will also have intensive horizontal opening and vise versa.When the Earth was beginning to form,plenty of opening-closing tectonics were disordered.The rotational movement could rule over all materials,energies,movements,and various opening-closing tectonics of all sizes within the rotation movement,and regulate them to an orderly state.In short,the opening-closing system is a dynamic equilibrium tectonic system composed of various periods,levels and ranks of opening-closing cycles formed under long term opening-closing-rotating movement.In this paper,we summarized the composition,textural-structural characteristics and regularity of the opening-closing-rotating tectonic system of the Earth,and constructed a brief model of an opening-closing-rotating composite tectonic system.We proposed that the forming mechanism of the equilibrium system is that the opening-closing-rotating movement follows the four natural principles of evolution:the criterion of gravity equilibrium;the principle of minimum inner energy(crystallization);the criterion of growth following geometrical elimination(vertical to the Earth's center);and the criterion of material homogeneous fractionation.Among them,gravity equilibrium is the controlling principle.As geological event(tectonic movement)destroys the opening-closing-rotating equilibrium system,it constantly,directly or indirectly,infuse new energy into the system,which always leads to a new tectonic cycle that runs more efficiently to make the Earth stronger and more energetic.The perpetual occurrence of geological events(tectonic movements)are the dynamic forces for the forwardspiral development of the opening-closing-rotating tectonic system.Finally,we discussed the formation and evolution of the Earth and analyzed the dynamic process of plate tectonics,using the view point of openingclosing tectonics.
The opening-closing tectonics can generally be explained as that the‘opening'refers to Earth's expansion and ‘closing'to Earth's contraction.Viewing vertically,the centrifugal movement(from the Earth center)is opening while the centripetal movement closing;viewing horizontally,the divergent movement of Earth material means opening and the convergent movement closing.Judging from the driving mechanism,we define ‘opening'as the upward material movement driven by thermal force(thermal energy)and ‘closing'as the subsided material movement mainly driven by gravity(potential energy).Therefore,opening and closing are highly comprehensive concepts with broad means.Opening-closing movement is a link between all geological movements and geological sciences.Opening-closing movement behaves synchronously with unity.That is to say,vertical opening behaves as opening horizontally,and intensive vertical opening will also have intensive horizontal opening and vise versa.When the Earth was beginning to form,plenty of opening-closing tectonics were disordered.The rotational movement could rule over all materials,energies,movements,and various opening-closing tectonics of all sizes within the rotation movement,and regulate them to an orderly state.In short,the opening-closing system is a dynamic equilibrium tectonic system composed of various periods,levels and ranks of opening-closing cycles formed under long term opening-closing-rotating movement.In this paper,we summarized the composition,textural-structural characteristics and regularity of the opening-closing-rotating tectonic system of the Earth,and constructed a brief model of an opening-closing-rotating composite tectonic system.We proposed that the forming mechanism of the equilibrium system is that the opening-closing-rotating movement follows the four natural principles of evolution:the criterion of gravity equilibrium;the principle of minimum inner energy(crystallization);the criterion of growth following geometrical elimination(vertical to the Earth's center);and the criterion of material homogeneous fractionation.Among them,gravity equilibrium is the controlling principle.As geological event(tectonic movement)destroys the opening-closing-rotating equilibrium system,it constantly,directly or indirectly,infuse new energy into the system,which always leads to a new tectonic cycle that runs more efficiently to make the Earth stronger and more energetic.The perpetual occurrence of geological events(tectonic movements)are the dynamic forces for the forwardspiral development of the opening-closing-rotating tectonic system.Finally,we discussed the formation and evolution of the Earth and analyzed the dynamic process of plate tectonics,using the view point of openingclosing tectonics.
引文
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[2]杨巍然,姜春发,张抗,等.新全球构造观中几个问题的探讨[J].地质科技情报,2018,37(1):1-6.
[3]明镜,胡一鸣.爱因斯坦世纪预言终获验证,LIGO首次直接探测到引力波,网络“赛先生”微信公众账号[EB/OL].(2016-02-12)[2016-05-02].http:∥new8.k618.cn/kx/201602/t20160212_6703544.html.
[4]《地球科学大辞典》编辑委员会.《地球科学大辞典》(基础科学卷)[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:1-1173.
[5]吴福元,徐义刚,高山,等.华北岩石圈减薄与克拉通破坏研究的主要学术争论[J].岩石学报,2008,24(6):1145-1174.
[6]郑建平.不同时空背景幔源物质对比与华北深部岩石圈破坏和增生置换[J].科学通报,2009,54(14):1990-2007.
[7]赵永贵,钟大来,刘建华,等.地震层析地质解释原理及其在滇西深部构造研究中的应用[J].地质科学,1992,2(10):105-113.
[8]杨巍然,曾佐勋,李德威,等.板内地震过程的三层次构造模型式[J].地学前缘,2009,16(1):205-217.
[9]邢作云,邢集善,赵斌,等.华北地区两个世代深部构造的识别吸其意义:燕山运动与深部过程[J].地质论评,2006,52(4):433-441.
[10]刘光勋,江南生.山西地堑边缘掩断裂带的形成机制[J].构造地质论丛,1986(6):42-50.
[11]杨巍然,孙继源,纪克诚.大陆裂谷对比:汾渭裂谷系与贝加尔裂谷系例析[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995:1-127.
[12]SHARPTON V L,BRENT D G,MARIN L E,et al.New links between the Chicxulub impact structure and the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary[J].Nature,1992,359(6398):819-821.
[13]万天丰.论全球板块构造的动力学机制[J].地学前缘,2018,25(2):319-335.
[14]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所.各位霸主,一路走好[EB/OL].(2017-12-30)[2018-2-25].https:∥www.mp.weixin qq.com/s/GGj4TSdX9xfL9A708pPoZ9.
[15]MICHIO K.平行宇宙[M].伍义生,包新周,译.重庆:重庆出版社,2014:1-278.
[16]罗杰·彭罗斯.宇宙的轮回(宇宙起源的新理论:共形宇宙学的必读经典)[M].李泳,译.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2014:1-292.
[17]李三忠,张臻,孙文军,等.前寒武纪地球动力学(Ⅰ):从宇宙环境到原始地球[J].地学前缘,2015,22(6):1-9.
[18]美国国家研究员委员会固体地球科学重大基础研究问题委员会.地球的起源和演化:变化行星的研究问题[M].张志强,等译.重庆:重庆出版社,2014:1-128.
[19]陆松年,郝国杰,相振群.前寒武纪重大地质事件[J].地学前缘,2016,23(6):140-155.
[20]欧阳自远,刘建忠,张福勤,等.行星地球不均-成因和演化的理论框架初探[J].地学前缘,2002,9(3):23-30.
[21]欧阳自远,张福勤,林文祝,等.行星地球的起源和演化模式:地球原始不均一性的起源反对后期演化的制约[J].地质地球化学,1995(5):11-15.
[22]NEWSOM H E.Accretion and core formation in the Earth:evidence from siderophile elements[J].Origin of the Earth,1990(1):101-134.
[23]HALLIDAY A,REHKMPER M,LEE D C,et al.Early evolution of the Earth and Moon:new constraints from HfW isotope geochemistry[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1996,142:75-89.
[24]张友联,杜建国,崔月菊.地球物质成分研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(4):365-374.
[25]徐伟彪.行星科学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:138-140.
[26]郑建平.中国东部地幔置换作用与中新生代岩石圈减薄[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999:1-125.
[27]欧阳自远.月球形成演化与月球地质图编研[J].地学前缘,2014,21(6):1-6.
[28]阿莱格尔.陨石地球太阳系[M].鲍道崇,译.北京:地质出版社,1989:1-240.
[29]刘树文,王伟,白翔.前寒武纪地球动力学(Ⅷ):早期大陆地壳的形在与演化[J].地学前缘,2015,22(6):97-108.
[30]史晓颖,李一良,曹长群.生命起源、早期演化阶段与海洋环境演变[J].地学前缘,2016,23(6):128-139.
[31]王伟,刘树文,白翔,等.前寒武纪地球动力学(Ⅷ):华北克拉通大古代末期地壳生长方式[J].地学前缘,2015,22(6):109-124.
[32]TANG H S,CHEN Y J,SANTOSH M,et al.C-O isotope geochemistry of the Dashigiao magnesite belt,North China Graton:implications for the Great Oxidation Event and ore genesis[J].Geological Journal,2013,48(5):467-483.
[33]杨巍然.亚洲中部大地构造及板内地震构造[M]∥张家声,高祥林,黄雄南.亚洲中部地震构造解析.北京:地震出版社,2014:5-23.
[34]杨巍然,王杰.亚洲中部大地构造图[CM]∥张家声,高祥林,马宗晋.亚洲中部地震构造图集.北京:地震出版社,2013:4-8.
[35]杨巍然,王杰,梁晓.亚洲大地构造基本特征和演化规律[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):1-17.
[36]李四光.地质力学概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1982:1-159.
[37]马宗晋,杜晶仁,洪汉净.地球构造与动力学[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2002:1-504.
[38]杨巍然,隋志龙.欧亚大陆风云影像线性构造信息提取及其地质分析[J].地学前缘,2004,11(4):551-558.
[39]李舜贤,张志坚,曾佐勋.山[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2018:1-253.
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