青岛地区气候变化对动物物候变化的影响研究
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摘要
基于青岛地区气候和动物物候观测资料,分析了气候和动物物候变化特征及两者之间的相关关系。1986—2016年青岛地区蚱蝉始鸣期表现为小幅波动变化,蟋蟀的始鸣期则呈先显著推迟后显著提前的变化趋势,青蛙和家燕的始鸣期均有显著推迟的趋势。以上4种动物的绝鸣期均显著提前,间隔期均明显缩短。受全球气候变暖的影响,青岛地区气温表现为显著增温趋势,日照时数和平均风速均呈显著减小趋势,而降水对气候变暖的响应较小。日照时数的减少对4种动物物候期的影响最大,有利于4种动物绝鸣期的提前和间隔期的缩短以及家燕始鸣期的推迟;蟋蟀和青蛙的物候期对气温有明显的响应,蚱蝉和家燕对气温的变化不敏感;风速的减小有利于蚱蝉、家燕绝鸣期的提前和间隔期的缩短,但却导致青蛙绝鸣期的推迟和间隔期的延长。多种气候因子共同作用决定了动物物候期的变化。除气候条件对动物物候期变化的影响之外,动物之间食物链的制约关系在一定程度上也对物候变化有影响。
Based on the meteorological and animal phonological observations in Qingdao, the characteristics ofclimate and phonological changes and their relations were investigated. From 1986 to 2016, the first song daysof animals in Qingdao respectively exhibit smoothly fluctuations for Cryptotympana atratas, first delaying andthen advancing trend for crickets, and distinct delaying trend for Hirundo rusticas and frogs. All their last songdays display a significant advancing trend, and their first-last song intervals have a remarkable shortening trend.Under the influence of global warming, the temperature rises significantly, the precipitation changes a little, butthe annual sunshine durations and wind speed both present a trend of dramatic decrease during 1961-2016 inQingdao. The decrease for sunshine durations affects phenophase the most for the four animals, which is beneficialto advancing the last song days and shortening the first-last song intervals for all, and delaying the first song daysfor Hirundo rusticas. The phenophase for crickets and frogs responds notably to the temperature rising, but notfor Cryptotympana atratas and Hirundo rusticas. The decreasing wind speed helps advancing the last song daysand shortening the first-last song intervals for Cryptotympana atratas and Hirundo rusticas, but is conducive todelaying the last song days and extending the first-last song intervals for frogs. Hence, the phenophase variationoccurs in conjunction with several climate factors. Except for the influence from climate change, the inter-restriction of food chain among animals also plays a role in causing the phenophase variation.
Based on the meteorological and animal phonological observations in Qingdao, the characteristics ofclimate and phonological changes and their relations were investigated. From 1986 to 2016, the first song daysof animals in Qingdao respectively exhibit smoothly fluctuations for Cryptotympana atratas, first delaying andthen advancing trend for crickets, and distinct delaying trend for Hirundo rusticas and frogs. All their last songdays display a significant advancing trend, and their first-last song intervals have a remarkable shortening trend.Under the influence of global warming, the temperature rises significantly, the precipitation changes a little, butthe annual sunshine durations and wind speed both present a trend of dramatic decrease during 1961-2016 inQingdao. The decrease for sunshine durations affects phenophase the most for the four animals, which is beneficialto advancing the last song days and shortening the first-last song intervals for all, and delaying the first song daysfor Hirundo rusticas. The phenophase for crickets and frogs responds notably to the temperature rising, but notfor Cryptotympana atratas and Hirundo rusticas. The decreasing wind speed helps advancing the last song daysand shortening the first-last song intervals for Cryptotympana atratas and Hirundo rusticas, but is conducive todelaying the last song days and extending the first-last song intervals for frogs. Hence, the phenophase variationoccurs in conjunction with several climate factors. Except for the influence from climate change, the inter-restriction of food chain among animals also plays a role in causing the phenophase variation.
引文
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[30]周天录.害虫不可有,天敌不可无[J].湖南农业,2007(11):29
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[2]付晓伟,吴孔明.迁飞性昆虫对全球气候变化的响应[J].中国农业科学,2015, 48(S1):1-15
[3]任国玉,陈峪.全球变暖与中国极端气候事件变化[J].科学,2010,62(5):30-33
[4] Badeck F W, Bondeau A, Bottcher K, et al. Responses of spring phenology to climate change[J]. New Phytologist, 2004, 162:295-309
[5] Root T L, MacMynowski D P, Mastrandrea M D, et al. Humanmodified temperatures induce species changes:joint attribution[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005, 102:7465-7469
[6]莫非,赵鸿,王建永,等.全球变化下植物物候研究的关键问题[J].生态学报,2011,31(9):2593-2601
[7] Medeiros D P W, Lopes A V, Zickel C S. Phenology of woody species in tropical coastal vegetation, northeastern, Brazil[J]. Flora, 2007, 202:513-520
[8] Rosenzweig C, Karoly D, Vicarelli M, et al. Attributing physical and biological in pacts to anthropogenic climate change[J]. Nature, 2008,453:353-357
[9]顾润源,周伟灿,白美兰,等.气候变化对内蒙古草原典型植物物候的影响[J].生态学报,2012, 32(3):767-776
[10]朱媛君,郝琦,清华,等.呼和浩特自然历主要物候期和物候季节变化特征及归因[J].中国农业气象,2017,38 38(1):9-20. DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-6362.2017.01.002
[11]王维玮,张淑萍.全球变暖引起的物候不匹配及生物的适应机制[J].生态学杂志,2016, 35(3):808-814. DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.201603.004
[12] Du Y, Ma C S, Zhao Q H, et al. Effects of heat stress on physiological and biochemical mechanisms of insects:a literature review[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(4):1565-1572
[13]陈瑜,马春森.气候变暖对昆虫影响研究进展[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2159-2172
[14]韩小梅,申双和,刘荣花.气候变暖对河南省蚱蝉的影响[J].气候变化研究进展,2008(6):342-346
[15]翟贵明,李振国,王明涛.气候变化对动物物候的影响分析[J].安徽农业科学,2010, 38(18):9652-9654, 9658
[16] Dunn P O, Winkler D W. Climate change has affected the breedingdate of tree swallows throughout North America[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 1999, 266:2487-2490
[17] Both C, Visser M E. Adjustment to climate change is constrained by arrival date in along-distance migrant bird[J]. Nature, 2001, 411:296-298
[18] Jenni L, Kery M. Timing of autumn bird migration under climate change:advances in long-distance migrants, delays in short-distance migrants[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 2003, 270:1467-1471
[19] IPCC. Climate change 2007:impacts, adaptation and vulnerability[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2007
[20]杨丽慧,郑有飞,许遐祯,等.气候变化对两种候鸟物候期的影响初探:以大丰市调查为例[J].中国农业气象,2010, 31(3):338-343
[21]黄梅丽,廖雪萍,徐圣璇,等.桂林动物物候对气候变化的响应分析[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(17):10436-10438
[22]徐腊梅,晋绿生,杨景辉,等.新疆物候(候鸟)与气候因子关系分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2007, 1(1):45-48
[23]曹艳芳,尤莉,魏玉荣,等.气候条件对候鸟物候期的影响[J].内蒙古气象,2010(6):44-46
[24]张秀艳,姚远,王中秀.虎林市物候观测与气候变暖的相关关系[J].黑龙江气象,2016, 33(2):32-33
[25] Gibbs J P, Breisch A R. Climate warming and calling phenology of frogs near Ithaca, New York, 1900-1999[J]. Conservation Biology,2001,15:1175-1178
[26]李世忠,谭宗琨,夏小曼,等.桂北动物物候气候变暖响应[J].气象科技,2010, 38(3):377-382
[27]郭飞燕,左卫强,郭飞龙,等.伴随IOD型和独立型ENSO对山东气候年际变化的影响[J].海洋气象学报,2017, 37(4):34-48
[28]许维娜,佘万明.农业气象观测规范[M].北京:气象出版社,1993:134-135
[29]王遵娅,丁一汇,何金海,等.近50年来中国气候变化特征的再分析[J].气象学报,2004, 62(2):229-236
[30]周天录.害虫不可有,天敌不可无[J].湖南农业,2007(11):29
[31]李韵文,张亚平,王会荣,等.临汾气候变化对蚱蝉始鸣期的影响初探[J].山西气象,2011(4):33-35
[32]胡忠朗,韩崇选,施德祥,等.蚱蝉生物学特性及防治的研究[J].林业科学,1992, 28(6):510-516
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