致密碳酸盐岩储集层特征与天然气勘探潜力——以鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡东部奥陶系马家沟组为例
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摘要
基于钻井、试气、分析化验等资料的综合分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡东部奥陶系马家沟组马五_(1+2)亚段致密碳酸盐岩储集层特征及其成因进行研究,并对天然气勘探潜力进行分析。研究提出致密碳酸盐岩储集层为孔隙度小于2%、渗透率小于0.1×10~(-3)mm~2的储集体。伊陕斜坡东部马五_(1+2)亚段致密碳酸盐岩储集层以含膏泥粉晶白云岩、泥粉晶白云岩及岩溶角砾白云岩为主,孔隙类型以裂缝-溶孔、裂缝-晶间孔为主,非均质性强,储集层呈薄层大面积展布。奥陶系顶部不整合面构造调整导致的储集层"造孔"与"填孔"作用,以及埋藏期溶蚀增孔与沉积充填减孔共同作用是储集层大面积致密化的主要原因。薄层白云岩致密储集层与上覆广覆式上古生界煤系烃源岩紧邻形成大面积致密碳酸盐岩气成藏组合,含气普遍,气藏埋深浅(1 900~2 500 m),与上古生界致密砂岩气组成立体含气模式,因此鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡东部勘探开发潜力大。
On the basis of comprehensive analysis of drilling, gas testing, laboratory analysis and testing data, the characteristics and genesis of tight carbonate reservoirs in Ma5_(1+2) Member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation, eastern Yi-Shaan slope, Ordos Basin were examined, and the potential of natural gas exploration and development were analyzed. The tight carbonate reservoir is defined as the reservoir with a porosity of less than 2% and permeability of less than 0.1×10~(-3) μm~2. The Ma5_(1+2) reservoirs are dominantly gypsum mud dolomite, muddy dolomite and Karst-breccia dolomite and has strong heterogeneity, pore types being mainly composed of fracture-dissolution pores and fracture-intercrystalline pores, and thin reservoir layers are distributed in a large area. The unconformity structure adjustment at the top of the Ordovician caused pore creation and pore filling effects, and the joint effect of dissolution pore increase and pore reduction by filling is the major reason for extensive reservoir densification. The thin tight dolomite reservoirs and the overlying adjacent coal source rock in the Upper Paleozoic formed extensive tight carbonate gas with shallow depth(1 900-2 500 m) and formed a three-dimensional gas containing pattern combined with the Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone gas. The eastern Yi-shaan slope in the Ordos Basin has great exploration and development potential.
On the basis of comprehensive analysis of drilling, gas testing, laboratory analysis and testing data, the characteristics and genesis of tight carbonate reservoirs in Ma5_(1+2) Member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation, eastern Yi-Shaan slope, Ordos Basin were examined, and the potential of natural gas exploration and development were analyzed. The tight carbonate reservoir is defined as the reservoir with a porosity of less than 2% and permeability of less than 0.1×10~(-3) μm~2. The Ma5_(1+2) reservoirs are dominantly gypsum mud dolomite, muddy dolomite and Karst-breccia dolomite and has strong heterogeneity, pore types being mainly composed of fracture-dissolution pores and fracture-intercrystalline pores, and thin reservoir layers are distributed in a large area. The unconformity structure adjustment at the top of the Ordovician caused pore creation and pore filling effects, and the joint effect of dissolution pore increase and pore reduction by filling is the major reason for extensive reservoir densification. The thin tight dolomite reservoirs and the overlying adjacent coal source rock in the Upper Paleozoic formed extensive tight carbonate gas with shallow depth(1 900-2 500 m) and formed a three-dimensional gas containing pattern combined with the Upper Paleozoic tight sandstone gas. The eastern Yi-shaan slope in the Ordos Basin has great exploration and development potential.
引文
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[2]马振芳,陈安宁,曹晓宏.鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田储层评价[J].石油勘探与开发,1993,20(6):92-99.MA Zhenfang,CHEN Anning,CAO Xiaohong.Reservoir evaluation of the middle gas field in Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1993,20(6):92-99.
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[5]方少仙,何江,侯方浩,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田区中奥陶统马家沟组马五5—马五1亚段储层孔隙类型和演化[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):117-133.FANG Shaoxian,HE Jiang,HOU Fanghao,et al.Reservoirs pore space types and evaluation in M55 to M51 sub members of Majiagou Formation of Middle Ordovician in central gas field area of Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,25(10):117-133.
[6]杨华,付金华,魏新善,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩天然气勘探领域[J].石油学报,2011,32(5):733-740.YANG Hua,FU Jinhua,WEI Xinshan,et al.Natural gas exploration domains in the Ordovician marine Carbonates,Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(5):733-740.
[7]任军峰,包洪平,孙六一,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系风化壳岩溶储层孔洞充填特征及机理[J].海相油气地质,2012,17(2):63-69.REN Junfeng,BAO Hongping,SUN Liuyi,et al.Characteristics and mechanism of pore-space filling of Ordovician weathering crust karst reservoirs in Ordos Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2012,17(2):63-69.
[8]何自新,黄道军,郑聪斌.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古地貌、古沟槽模式的修正及其地质意义[J].海相油气地质,2006,11(2):25-28.HE Zixin,HUANG Daojun,ZHENG Congbin.Modification and geology implication of Ordovician paleogeomorphology and paleogeosyncline distribution models in Ordos Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2006,11(2):25-28.
[9]杨华,刘新社,张道锋.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩天然气成藏主控因素及勘探进展[J].天然气工业,2013,33(5):1-12.YANG Hua,LIU Xinshe,ZHANG Daofeng.Main controlling factors of gas pooling in Ordocivian marine carbonate reservoirs in the Ordos Basin and advances in gas exploration[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(5):1-12.
[10]马振芳,付锁堂,陈安宁.鄂尔多斯盆地古风化壳气藏分布规律[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(1/2):98-102.MA Zhenfang,FU Suotang,CHEN Anning.Ordos Basin ancient weathering crust gas reservoir distribution laws[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2000,5(1/2):98-102.
[11]郭彦如,付金华,魏新善,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩成藏特征与模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):393-403.GUO Yanru,FU Jinhua,WEI Xinshan,et al.Natural gas accumulation and models in Ordovician carbonates,Ordos Basin,China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(4):393-403.
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[13]李振宏,郑聪斌.鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系储层特征及控制因素[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(6):604-610.LI Zhenhong,ZHENG Congbin.The reservoir heterogeneity and controlled factors of Ordovician in the eastern Ordos Basin[J].Natural gas Geoscience,2004,15(6):604-610.
[14]黄道军,文彩霞,季海锟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系风化壳储层特征及主控因素分析[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(3):10-19.HUANG Daojun,WEN Caixia,JI Haikun,et al.Characteristics and key controlling factors of Ordovician weathering karst crust reservoir in the eastern part of Ordos Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2009,14(3):10-19.
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[17]赵从俊.弯曲形变层内应力分布与四川致密碳酸盐岩气藏富集规律[J].石油勘探与开发,1986,13(2):9-18.ZHAO Congjun.A discussion on the relation of between the distribution of formation stress due to curved strain of the formation and the gas accumulation in tight carbonate reservoirs in Sichuan Province[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1986,13(2):9-18.
[18]强子同.碳酸盐岩储层地质学[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:60.QIANG Zitong.Carbonate reservoir geology[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2007:60.
[19]李振宏,胡健民.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系孔洞充填特征分析[J].地质论评,2011,57(3):444-456.LI Zhenhong,HU Jianmin.Characteristic of holes fillings in Ordovician of Ordos Basin[J].Geologeical Review,2011,57(3):444-456.
[20]黄思静.碳酸盐岩的成岩作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2010:97.HUANG Sijing.Carbonate rock diagenesis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2010:97.
[21]冯增昭,鲍志东.鄂尔多斯奥陶纪马家沟期岩相古地理[J].沉积学报,1999,17(1):1-8.FENG Zengzhao,BAO Zhidong.Lithofacies paleogeography of Majiagou Age of Ordovicians in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(1):1-8.
[22]侯方浩,方少仙,赵敬松,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层图集[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2002.HOU Fanghao,FANG Shaoxian,ZHAO Jingsong,et al.Atlas of carbonate rock reservoirs of Ordovican in Ordos Basin[M].Chengdu:Sichuan People’s Publishing House,2002.
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