舟山渔场及长江口渔场临近海域三疣梭子蟹增殖容量估算
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摘要
为研究近年舟山渔场及长江口渔场附近海域三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)放流的合理性,基于该海域2006—2014年间渔业资源调查资料,通过构建Ecopath模型,对该海域生态系统能量流动特征进行了初步分析,并估算了其三疣梭子蟹的增殖容量。结果显示,该海域生态系统主要以底栖生物为主,虾、带鱼(Trichiurus leptures)、三疣梭子蟹食物利用率较高,竹?鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys kumu)等食物利用率较低;该海域渔业资源生物可划分为4个营养级,三疣梭子蟹属于中营养级生物;该海域总渔获量为1.614 t·km~(–2) (三疣梭子蟹渔获量为0.057 8 t·km~(–2)),总消耗量为280.744 t·km~(–2),总输出量为790.396 t·km~(–2),总生产量为959.3 t·km~(–2)。三疣梭子蟹生物量密度为0.125 t·km~(–2),生态容量为1.125 t·km~(–2),增殖容量为1 t·km~(–2)。结果表明该海域初级生产力水平较高,海洋生物多分布在第二、第三营养级范围内,生态系统成熟度较低,三疣梭子蟹在该海域内仍有一定的放流空间。
In order to study the rationality of Portunus trituberculatus release in Zhoushan fishing ground, Yangtze River estuary fishing ground and their adjacent waters in recent years, we analyzed the energy flow characteristics of the ecosystem in that sea area and estimated the proliferation capacity of P. trituberculatus based on the fishery resources survey data from 2006 to 2014 by constructing the Ecopath model. The results show that the ecosystem was mainly made up by benthos, and shrimps, Trichiurus leptures and P. trituberculatus had higher food utilization rates. The food utilization rates of Chelidonichthys kumu and Trachurus japonicus were relatively low. Four trophic levels can be divided in the survey area, and P. trituberculatus is a medium trophic organism. The total catch was 1.614 t·km~(–2)(the catch of P. trituberculatus was 0.057 8 t·km~(–2)). The total consumption was 280.744 t·km~(–2). The total export was 790.396 t·km~(–2). The total production was 959.3 t·km~(–2). The biomass of P. trituberculatus was 0.125 t·km~(–2). The ecological capacity was 1.125 t·km~(–2). The proliferation capacity was 1 t·km~(–2). It is shown that the primary productivity of the survey area is high, and the marine organisms are distributed in the second and third trophic scales with relatively low ecosystem maturity. There is still a certain releasing space.
In order to study the rationality of Portunus trituberculatus release in Zhoushan fishing ground, Yangtze River estuary fishing ground and their adjacent waters in recent years, we analyzed the energy flow characteristics of the ecosystem in that sea area and estimated the proliferation capacity of P. trituberculatus based on the fishery resources survey data from 2006 to 2014 by constructing the Ecopath model. The results show that the ecosystem was mainly made up by benthos, and shrimps, Trichiurus leptures and P. trituberculatus had higher food utilization rates. The food utilization rates of Chelidonichthys kumu and Trachurus japonicus were relatively low. Four trophic levels can be divided in the survey area, and P. trituberculatus is a medium trophic organism. The total catch was 1.614 t·km~(–2)(the catch of P. trituberculatus was 0.057 8 t·km~(–2)). The total consumption was 280.744 t·km~(–2). The total export was 790.396 t·km~(–2). The total production was 959.3 t·km~(–2). The biomass of P. trituberculatus was 0.125 t·km~(–2). The ecological capacity was 1.125 t·km~(–2). The proliferation capacity was 1 t·km~(–2). It is shown that the primary productivity of the survey area is high, and the marine organisms are distributed in the second and third trophic scales with relatively low ecosystem maturity. There is still a certain releasing space.
引文
[1]俞存根,陈小庆,胡颢琰,等.舟山渔场及邻近海域浮游动物种类组成及群落结构特征[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(1):183-193.
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[11]武震,贾佩峤,胡忠军,等.基于Ecopath模型分析分水江水库生态系统结构和功能[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):812-818.
[12]仝龄.Ecopath──一种生态系统能量平衡评估模式[J].海洋水产研究,1999(2):103-107.
[13]林群,李显森,李忠义,等.基于Ecopath模型的莱州湾中国对虾增殖生态容量[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):1131-1140.
[14]韩瑞,陈求稳,王丽,等.基于生态通道模型的长江口水域生态系统结构与能量流动分析[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4907-4918.
[15]JIANG W M,GIBBS M T.Predicting the carrying capacity of bivalve shellfish culture using a steady,linear food web model[J].Aquaculture,2005,244(1/2/3/4):171-185.
[16]杨超杰,吴忠鑫,刘鸿雁,等.基于Ecopath模型估算莱州湾朱旺人工鱼礁区日本蟳、脉红螺捕捞策略和刺参增殖生态容量[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(11):168-177.
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[18]李睿,韩震,程和琴,等.基于ECOPATH模型的东海区生物资源能量流动规律的初步研究[J].资源科学,2010,32(4):600-605.
[19]林群,金显仕,张波,等.基于营养通道模型的渤海生态系统结构十年变化比较[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3613-3620.
[20]欧阳力剑,郭学武.东、黄海主要鱼类Q/B值与种群摄食量研究[J].渔业科学进展,2010,31(2):23-29.
[21]吴忠鑫.山东俚岛人工鱼礁区生态效果初步评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015:52-55.
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[23]徐姗楠,陈作志,郑杏雯,等.红树林种植-养殖耦合系统的养殖生态容量[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(3):393-403.
[24]贺舟挺,刘子藩,周永东.浙江蟹笼渔业现状的探讨[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2007,26(1):54-58.
[25]俞存根,宋海棠,姚光展,等.浙江近海蟹类资源合理利用研究[J].海洋渔业,2003,25(3):136-141.
[26]WANG Y,WANG X,YE T,et al.Spawner-recruit analysis of Portunus(Portunus)trituberculatus(Miers,1876)in the case of stock enhancement implementation:a case study in Zhejiang sea area,China[J].Turkish J Fish Aquat Sci,2017,17(2):293-299.
[27]徐开达,周永东,朱文斌,等.浙江省洞头海域三疣梭子蟹增殖放流效果评估[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2018,44(3):373-380.
[28]戈志强,工永玲,沈其璋.浅谈长江口区渔业资源增殖放流[J].现代渔业信息,2006,21(6):15-17.
[29]叶婷.浙江海域三疣梭子蟹生物学特征分析及放流容量的确定[D].舟山:浙江海洋大学,2017:22-24.
[30]李增.山东半岛南部三疣梭子蟹增殖放流效果评价[D].烟台:烟台大学,2014:53-58.
[31]VILLY C,CARL J W,DANIEL P.Ecopath with ecosim:a user's guide[M].Vancouver,Canada:Fisheries Centre University of British Columbia,2004:16-42.
[32]林龙山,张寒野,李惠玉,等.东海带鱼食性的季节变化[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(6):932-936.
[33]纪炜炜.东海中北部主要游泳动物食物网结构和营养关系初步研究[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2011:89.
[34]MORISSETTE L.Complexity,cost and quality of ecosystem models and their impact on resilience:a comparative analysis,with emphasis on marine mammals and the Gulf of St[D].Lawrence:University of British Columbia,2007:54.
[35]张明亮,冷悦山,吕振波,等.莱州湾三疣梭子蟹生态容量估算[J].海洋渔业,2013,35(3):303-308.
[36]林群,王俊,李忠义,等.黄河口邻近海域生态系统能量流动与三疣梭子蟹增殖容量估算[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3523-3531.
[37]张波,吴强,金显仕.1959-2011年莱州湾渔业资源群落食物网结构的变化[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(2):278-287.
[38]张继红,方建光,王巍.浅海养殖滤食性贝类生态容量的研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2009,16(4):626-632.
[2]陈卫忠,李长松,胡芬.东海区海洋渔业资源近况浅析[J].中国水产科学,1997(3):40-44.
[3]程家骅,张秋华,李圣法,等.东黄海渔业资源利用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006:314-316.
[4]HE J,GAO Y,WANG W,et al.Limb autotomy patterns in the juvenile swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus)in earth ponds[J].Aquaculture,2016,463:189-192.
[5]宋海棠,俞存根,薛利建.东海经济虾蟹类渔业生物学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012:147-170.
[6]周永东.浙江沿海渔业资源放流增殖的回顾与展望[J].海洋渔业,2004(2):131-139.
[7]WANG Y B,YE T,WANG X G,et al.Impact of main factors on the catch of Portunus trituberculatus in the Northern East China Sea[J].Pak J Zool,2017,49(1):15-19.
[8]POLOVINA J J.Model of a coral reef ecosystems l.The ECO-PATH Model and its application to French frigate shoals[J].Coral Reefs,1984,3(1):1-11.
[9]吴忠鑫,张秀梅,张磊,等.基于Ecopath模型的荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区生态系统结构和功能评价[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2878-2886.
[10]李云凯,刘恩生,王辉,等.基于Ecopath模型的太湖生态系统结构与功能分析[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):2033-2040.
[11]武震,贾佩峤,胡忠军,等.基于Ecopath模型分析分水江水库生态系统结构和功能[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(3):812-818.
[12]仝龄.Ecopath──一种生态系统能量平衡评估模式[J].海洋水产研究,1999(2):103-107.
[13]林群,李显森,李忠义,等.基于Ecopath模型的莱州湾中国对虾增殖生态容量[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(4):1131-1140.
[14]韩瑞,陈求稳,王丽,等.基于生态通道模型的长江口水域生态系统结构与能量流动分析[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4907-4918.
[15]JIANG W M,GIBBS M T.Predicting the carrying capacity of bivalve shellfish culture using a steady,linear food web model[J].Aquaculture,2005,244(1/2/3/4):171-185.
[16]杨超杰,吴忠鑫,刘鸿雁,等.基于Ecopath模型估算莱州湾朱旺人工鱼礁区日本蟳、脉红螺捕捞策略和刺参增殖生态容量[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(11):168-177.
[17]俞存根,陈小庆,郭远明,等.舟山渔场渔业生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:77.
[18]李睿,韩震,程和琴,等.基于ECOPATH模型的东海区生物资源能量流动规律的初步研究[J].资源科学,2010,32(4):600-605.
[19]林群,金显仕,张波,等.基于营养通道模型的渤海生态系统结构十年变化比较[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3613-3620.
[20]欧阳力剑,郭学武.东、黄海主要鱼类Q/B值与种群摄食量研究[J].渔业科学进展,2010,31(2):23-29.
[21]吴忠鑫.山东俚岛人工鱼礁区生态效果初步评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015:52-55.
[22]BYRON C,LINK J,COSTA-PIERCE B,et al.Calculating ecological carrying capacity of shellfish aquaculture using mass-balance modeling:Narragansett Bay,Rhode Island[J].Ecol Model,2011,222(10):1743-1755.
[23]徐姗楠,陈作志,郑杏雯,等.红树林种植-养殖耦合系统的养殖生态容量[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(3):393-403.
[24]贺舟挺,刘子藩,周永东.浙江蟹笼渔业现状的探讨[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2007,26(1):54-58.
[25]俞存根,宋海棠,姚光展,等.浙江近海蟹类资源合理利用研究[J].海洋渔业,2003,25(3):136-141.
[26]WANG Y,WANG X,YE T,et al.Spawner-recruit analysis of Portunus(Portunus)trituberculatus(Miers,1876)in the case of stock enhancement implementation:a case study in Zhejiang sea area,China[J].Turkish J Fish Aquat Sci,2017,17(2):293-299.
[27]徐开达,周永东,朱文斌,等.浙江省洞头海域三疣梭子蟹增殖放流效果评估[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2018,44(3):373-380.
[28]戈志强,工永玲,沈其璋.浅谈长江口区渔业资源增殖放流[J].现代渔业信息,2006,21(6):15-17.
[29]叶婷.浙江海域三疣梭子蟹生物学特征分析及放流容量的确定[D].舟山:浙江海洋大学,2017:22-24.
[30]李增.山东半岛南部三疣梭子蟹增殖放流效果评价[D].烟台:烟台大学,2014:53-58.
[31]VILLY C,CARL J W,DANIEL P.Ecopath with ecosim:a user's guide[M].Vancouver,Canada:Fisheries Centre University of British Columbia,2004:16-42.
[32]林龙山,张寒野,李惠玉,等.东海带鱼食性的季节变化[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(6):932-936.
[33]纪炜炜.东海中北部主要游泳动物食物网结构和营养关系初步研究[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2011:89.
[34]MORISSETTE L.Complexity,cost and quality of ecosystem models and their impact on resilience:a comparative analysis,with emphasis on marine mammals and the Gulf of St[D].Lawrence:University of British Columbia,2007:54.
[35]张明亮,冷悦山,吕振波,等.莱州湾三疣梭子蟹生态容量估算[J].海洋渔业,2013,35(3):303-308.
[36]林群,王俊,李忠义,等.黄河口邻近海域生态系统能量流动与三疣梭子蟹增殖容量估算[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(11):3523-3531.
[37]张波,吴强,金显仕.1959-2011年莱州湾渔业资源群落食物网结构的变化[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(2):278-287.
[38]张继红,方建光,王巍.浅海养殖滤食性贝类生态容量的研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2009,16(4):626-632.