复杂钪精矿碱熔合焙烧-水解-盐酸浸出工艺分离钪
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摘要
川西含钪精矿含钪为189.80g/t,主要含钪的载体矿物为绿泥石、蒙脱石、滑石和角闪石,且铁、钙、镁等元素的含量较高,钪的分离难度较大。采用碱熔合—水解—盐酸浸出工艺分离川西含钪精矿中的钪,结果表明:在焙烧温度650℃、焙烧时间15min、碳酸氢钠用量100%、盐酸用量15%、浸出时间75min、浸出温度45℃、液固比为1.5∶1的工艺条件下,获得了钪浸出率99.56%的钪分离指标。浸出渣的化学成分、形貌及能谱分析显示:浸出渣中主要的成分为硅、铝、镁、钪,且钪的含量较低为4.32g/t,浸出渣的扫描电镜分析图谱中没有明显的Sc谱线峰值,这也说明绝大部分钪被溶解进入液相,从理论上验证了钪精矿采用碱熔合焙烧-水解-盐酸浸出工艺分离钪的可行性。
Scandium content of scandium concentrate in Western Sichuan is 189.80 g/t,and the main scandium-containing minerals are chlorite,montmorillonite,talc and amphibole.The contents of iron,calcium,magnesium are high,and the separation of scandium is difficult.Alkali fusion,hydrolysis,and hydrochloric acid leaching process are applied to the separation of scandium from scandium bearing concentrates in Western Sichuan.The results show that under technological conditions as roasting temperature is 650 ℃,roasting time 15 min,dosage of sodium bicarbonate 100%,dosage of hydrochloric acid 15%,leaching time 75 min,leaching temperature 45 ℃,and the liquid solid ratio 1.5∶1,leachingrate of 99.56% is obtained.The chemical composition,morphology and energy spectrum analysis of leaching residue show that the main components of leaching residue are silicon,aluminum and magnesium,and scandium content is as low as 4.32 g/t.There is no obvious peak of Sc spectrum in SEM analysis of leaching residue,which indicats that most of scandium is dissolved into liquid phase,thus proving theoretically the effectiveness of alkali fusion-hydrolysis-hydrochloric acid leaching process.
Scandium content of scandium concentrate in Western Sichuan is 189.80 g/t,and the main scandium-containing minerals are chlorite,montmorillonite,talc and amphibole.The contents of iron,calcium,magnesium are high,and the separation of scandium is difficult.Alkali fusion,hydrolysis,and hydrochloric acid leaching process are applied to the separation of scandium from scandium bearing concentrates in Western Sichuan.The results show that under technological conditions as roasting temperature is 650 ℃,roasting time 15 min,dosage of sodium bicarbonate 100%,dosage of hydrochloric acid 15%,leaching time 75 min,leaching temperature 45 ℃,and the liquid solid ratio 1.5∶1,leachingrate of 99.56% is obtained.The chemical composition,morphology and energy spectrum analysis of leaching residue show that the main components of leaching residue are silicon,aluminum and magnesium,and scandium content is as low as 4.32 g/t.There is no obvious peak of Sc spectrum in SEM analysis of leaching residue,which indicats that most of scandium is dissolved into liquid phase,thus proving theoretically the effectiveness of alkali fusion-hydrolysis-hydrochloric acid leaching process.
引文
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[2]王普蓉,戴惠新,高利坤,等.钪的回收及提取现状[J].稀有金属,2012,36(3):501-505.WANG Purong,DAI Huixin,GAO Likun,et al.Status of scandium recovery and extraction[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2012,36(3):501-505.(in Chinese)
[3]刘锰.攀西钒钛磁铁矿中钪浸出实验研究[J].山东化工,2017,46(11):47-48.LIU Meng.Scandium in Panxi vanadium titanium magnetite leaching experiments[J].Shandong Chemical Industry,2017,46(11):47-48.(in Chinese)
[4]张德文,赵文怡,许延辉,等.活化焙烧硫酸分解提取富铌渣中铌、钛、钪和稀土[J].稀土,2013,34(6):56-60.ZHANG Dewen,ZHAO Wenyi,XU Yanhui,et al.Extracting Ni,Ti,Sc and RE from Niobium-enriched slag by CaCl2roasing and H2SO4decomposition method[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2013,34(6):56-60.(in Chinese)
[5]伍成波,张江斌,吴乾江,等.球团矿还原的动力学模型分析[J].重庆大学学报,2015,38(5):11-16.WU Chengbo,ZHANG Jiangbin,WU Qianjiang,et al.Aanlysis on reaction dynamics model of pellet[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2015,38(5):11-16.(in Chinese)
[6]Kaiser M S,Bashe M R,Kurny A S W.Effect of scandium on microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Al-Si-Mg alloy[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2012,21(7):1504-1508.
[7]Meierfrankenfeld D,Bury A,Thoennessen M.Discovery of scandium,titanium,mercury,and einsteinium isotopes[J].Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables,2011,97(2):134-151.
[8]许道刚,王建英,李保卫,等.白云鄂博矿中稀土、铁综合回收的新工艺研究[J].中国稀土学报,2015,33(5):634-640.XU Daogang,WANG Jianying,LI Baowei.A new procedure for comprehensive recovery of minerals containing rare earth and iron from bayan obo ores[J].Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths,2015,33(5):634-640.(in Chinese)
[9]Zhou H,Li D,Tian Y,et al.Extraction of scandium from red mud by modified activated carbon and kinetics study[J].Rare Metals,2008,27(3):223-227.
[10]Guo G,Chen Y.Application of extraction chromatography to the preparation of high-purity scandium oxide[J].Hydrometallurgy,1990,23(2/3):333-340.
[11]肖军辉,施哲,陈金花.含钪钛矿石氯化焙烧—浸出分离钪研究[J].稀土,2015,36(2):21-28.XIAO Junhui,SHI Zhe,CHEN Jinhua.Study on separation of scandium from scandium-containing titanium ore by chlorination roasting-leaching[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2015,36(2):21-28.(in Chinese)
[12]冯兴亮,黄小卫,张国成,等.稀土与天青石共伴生矿焙烧及浸出过程研究[J].中国稀土学报,2012,30(1):113-119.FENG Xingliang,HUANG Xiaowei,ZHANG Guocheng,et al.Metallurgical processing of celestite-associated rare earth ore[J].Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths,2012,30(1):113-119.(in Chinese)
[13]Korovin V,Shestak Y.Scandium extraction from hydrochloric acid media by Levextrel-type resins containing di-isooctyl methyl phosphonate[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,95(3/4):346-349.
[14]肖军辉,施哲,陈金花.含钼铜精矿氧化焙烧—浸出分离钼研究[J].重庆大学学报,2016,39(4):51-56.XIAO Junhui,SHI Zhe,CHEN Jinhua.Study on separation of molybdenum From molybdenum—containing copper concentrate by oxidizing roasting—leaching[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2016,39(4):51-56.(in Chinese)
[15]Wei W,Yoko P,Chu Y.Metallurgical processes for scandium recovery from various resources:a review[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,108(1/2):100-108.
[16]范坤,李曾超,李子申,等.不同钙化剂对高钒渣酸浸提钒的影响[J].重庆大学学报,2015,38(5):152-156.FAN Kun,LI Zengchao,LI Zishen,et al.Effect of different calcification agents on vanadium extraction from highvanadium slag by calcified roasting-acid leaching[J].Journal of Chongqing University,2015,38(5):152-156.(in Chinese)
[17]Gao L,Chen Y.A study on the rare earth ore containing scandium by high gradient magnetic separation[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2010,28(4):622-626.
[18]Zhang Z,Zhang G,Gao L,et al.Study on scandium separation from rare earth ore in Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2005,23(S1):531-535.