侧向排烟城市道路隧道的水幕阻烟隔热性能研究
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摘要
为探究侧向排烟城市道路隧道的水幕阻烟隔热作用,并为隧道的水幕设计和消防疏散提供参考,使用FDS软件对水幕模型进行数值模拟计算。在8 MW的火灾规模下,研究隧道顶部2个喷头和4个喷头2种布置方式,0. 08、0. 1、0. 25、0. 4 MPa 4种水喷头工作压力、侧向排烟量大小、排烟口间距和数量等主要因素对隧道水幕阻烟隔热性能的影响,分析比较烟气扩散范围、温度及能见度的变化规律,评估隧道疏散救援环境。结果表明:水幕系统能抑制隧道内烟气的扩散,阻止隧道温度过快上涨,并能改善隧道内的能见度;水幕系统在排烟量增加、排烟口间距减小、排烟口数量增加的情况下,阻烟隔热性能更明显;水幕系统对隧道内能见度的改善作用只维持于火灾发生的前中期,后期效果将减弱,因此消防救援工作应在火灾发生的前中期开展。
In order to explore the smoke and heat insulation performance of water curtain in unban road tunnel with lateral exhaust, and provide reference for water curtain design and fire evacuation, numerical simulation of water curtain model is conducted by FDS. Under the fire scale of 8 MW and considering the double/four nozzle layout on tunnel top, the influences of factors, i. e. the pressures of water sprayhead of 0. 08 MPa, 0. 1 MPa, 0. 25 MPa and 0. 4 MPa, the amount of smoke exhaust, distance between exhaust vents and number of exhaust vents, on smoke and heat insulation performance are studied; the variation laws of exhaust scope, temperature and visibility are analyzed and compared; and the evacuation environment of tunnel is evaluated. The results show that:(1) The water curtain system weakens the spread of smoke in the tunnel, prevents the tunnel temperature from rising too fast and improves the visibility of the tunnel.(2) The water curtain system is more effective in insulating smoke and heat as the amount of smoke exhaust increases, the distance between exhaust vents decreases and the number of exhaust vents increases.(3) However, the effect of water curtain on tunnel visibility improvement only keeps in the early and middle stages of the fire, and the effect will weaken in the later period. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out fire rescue work in the early and middle stages of the fire.
In order to explore the smoke and heat insulation performance of water curtain in unban road tunnel with lateral exhaust, and provide reference for water curtain design and fire evacuation, numerical simulation of water curtain model is conducted by FDS. Under the fire scale of 8 MW and considering the double/four nozzle layout on tunnel top, the influences of factors, i. e. the pressures of water sprayhead of 0. 08 MPa, 0. 1 MPa, 0. 25 MPa and 0. 4 MPa, the amount of smoke exhaust, distance between exhaust vents and number of exhaust vents, on smoke and heat insulation performance are studied; the variation laws of exhaust scope, temperature and visibility are analyzed and compared; and the evacuation environment of tunnel is evaluated. The results show that:(1) The water curtain system weakens the spread of smoke in the tunnel, prevents the tunnel temperature from rising too fast and improves the visibility of the tunnel.(2) The water curtain system is more effective in insulating smoke and heat as the amount of smoke exhaust increases, the distance between exhaust vents decreases and the number of exhaust vents increases.(3) However, the effect of water curtain on tunnel visibility improvement only keeps in the early and middle stages of the fire, and the effect will weaken in the later period. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out fire rescue work in the early and middle stages of the fire.
引文
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[21]邱永海,楼波,许建红,等.火源与排烟口布置对隧道火灾排烟影响的数值模拟[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(3):51.QIU Yonghai,LOU Bo,XU Jianhong,et al.Numerical simulated study of the impact of smoke vent and fire source location on the exhaust emission in case of the tunnel fire[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(3):51.
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[2]LIANG Qiang,LI Yangfeng,LI Junmei.Numerical studies of the smoke control by water mist screens with transverse ventilation in tunnel fires[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2017,64:177.
[3]梅甫定,闫先航.自动喷水灭火系统在公路隧道火灾的应用模拟研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(32):87.MEI Fuding,YAN Xianhang.Simulation research of automatic sprinkler system in long-sized road tunnel fire[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(32):87.
[4]YANG Peizhong,SHI Chao,GONG Zhizhi,et al.Numerical study of water curtain system for fire evacuation in a long and narrow tunnel under construction[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2019,83:195.
[5]WANG Zhigang,WANG Xishui,HUANG Yanqing.Experimental study of fire smoke control using water mist curtain in channel[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,342:231.
[6]梁强,李炎锋,李俊梅.狭长通道内细水雾型水幕阻烟性能实验研究[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2017,38(11):1751.LIANG Qiang,LI Yanfeng,LI Junmei.Experimental research on properties of smoke blocked by water mist screen in a long narrow channel[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2017,38(11):1751.
[7]陈娟娟,田铁峰,方正.水雾段用于城市隧道阻烟分隔的全尺寸试验[J].消防科学与技术,2017,36(11):1537.CHEN Juanjuan,TIAN Tiefeng,FANG Zheng.Full scale tests on water mist segment to prevent smoke spreading in urban tunnel[J].Fire Science and Technology,2017,36(11):1537.
[8]刘柳,李琪,方正.隧道细水雾段阻烟隔热效果相关特性研究[J].消防科学与技术,2018,37(9):1206.LIU Liu,LI Qi,FANG Zheng.Research on the smoke resistance and heat insulation effect and relative features of water mist segment in tunnel[J].Fire Science and Technology,2018,37(9):1206.
[9]聂乔敏.细水雾段抑制隧道火灾烟气蔓延的研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2017.NIE Qiaomin.Study of control of fire smoke movement in tunnels by water mist segment[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2017.
[10]CHANG Huepei,HO Sanping,CHEN Chaoshi.Performance of a spray system in a full-scale tunnel fire test[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2017,67:167.
[11]罗鹏,刘万福,戚务勤,等.铁路隧道内细水雾灭火系统设计与应用研究[J].消防科学与技术,2018,37(10):1377.LUO Peng,LIU Wanfu,QI Wuqin,et al.Design and application of water mist fire extinguishing system in railway tunnel[J].Fire Science and Technology,2018,37(10):1377.
[12]李浩,陈新文,石晓龙,等.低压细水雾在公路隧道火灾防控中的试验研究[J].隧道建设(中英文),2018,38(增刊1):73.LI Hao,CHEN Xinwen,SHI Xiaolong,et al.An experimental study of fire protection and control of low pressure water mist in highway tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction,2018,38(S1):73.
[13]梁强.狭长空间火灾中细水雾型水幕阻烟性能实验及应用研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2017.LIANG Qiang.Experimental and applied studies of characteristic of smoke blockage by water mist screens in long and narrow spaces fires[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2017.
[14]YUAN Liming,SMITH Alex C.Numerical modeling of water spray suppression of conveyor belt fires in a largescale tunnel[J].Process Safety and Environment Protection,2015,95:93.
[15]张轩轩,牛国庆,李垣志,等.不同火灾规模下隧道水幕线性喷水强度的研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2018,14(9):164.ZHANG Xuanxuan,NIU Guoqing,LI Yuanzhi,et al.Study of linear spray intensity of water curtain in tunnel under different fire scales[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2018,14(9):164.
[16]公路隧道消防技术规程:DBJ 53-14-2005[S].昆明:云南科技出版社,2005.Technical regulations for fire protection of highway tunnels:DBJ 53-14-2005[S].Kunming:Yunnan Science and Technology Press,2005.
[17]胡辉荣.公路隧道衬砌结构耐火方法研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学,2007.HU Huirong.A study of fireproof methods of road tunnel lining structure[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Jiaotong University,2007.
[18]MCGRATTAN K B.Fire dynamics simulator-technical reference guide NIST 1018-5[M].Gaithersburg:National Institute of Standards and Technology,2010.
[19]CIBSE.CIBSE guide E:Fire engineering[S].London:The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers,1997.
[20]王安民,郭清超,闫治国.重点排烟模式盾构隧道横断面火灾特性研究[J].结构工程师,2014,30(1):33.WANG Anmin,GUO Qingchao,YAN Zhiguo.Study of fire characteristics in shield tunnel with the point smoke extraction system[J].Structural Engineers,2014,30(1):33.
[21]邱永海,楼波,许建红,等.火源与排烟口布置对隧道火灾排烟影响的数值模拟[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(3):51.QIU Yonghai,LOU Bo,XU Jianhong,et al.Numerical simulated study of the impact of smoke vent and fire source location on the exhaust emission in case of the tunnel fire[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(3):51.
[22]自动喷水灭火系统设计规范:GB 50084-2017[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2017.Code for design of sprinkler systems:GB 50084-2017[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2017.
[23]PIARC.Fire and smoke control in road tunnels[R].World Road Association(PIARC),1999.
[24]道路隧道设计标准:DG/T J08-2033-2017[S].上海:同济大学出版社,2017.Road tunnel design code:DG/T J08-2033-2017[S].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,2017.