我国重点流域城市污泥有机污染物含量与溯源研究
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摘要
调研了我国重点流域58座典型污水处理厂污泥的有机污染物含量,并分析了有机污染物的可能来源。结果表明,污泥中不同有机污染物指标按照含量平均值排序依次为矿物油>可吸附有机卤化物>挥发酚>总氰化物>多环芳烃>苯并(a)芘>多氯联苯,其中矿物油、多环芳烃、可吸附有机卤化物、挥发酚含量超过各项泥质标准限值的频率均高于5%,尤其是矿物油含量超过农用A级泥质标准的频率达到了36%;总氰化物和苯并(a)芘超标频率相对较低;多氯联苯的检出率较低,且检出含量均不超过0. 2 mg/kg,满足泥质标准的要求。污泥中有机污染物主要来自石油化工、机械加工、造纸、纺织、电镀、焦化、化工等行业排放的工业废水。
Organic pollutants contents in the sludge from 58 typical wastewater treatment plants in major watershed of China were investigated. And the possible sources of the organic pollutants were analyzed. The results indicated that the order of the average concentrations of organic pollutants exhibited as: mineral oil > adsorbable organic halide (AOX) > volatile phenols > total cyanides > poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) > Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) > polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The mineral oil,PAHs,AOX and volatile phenols concentrations exceeded the limit set by each sludge standard by over 5% respectively,especially the extent of mineral oil concentration exceeding the standard limit of agricultural grade A reached as high as 36%. The extent of total cyanides and BaP exceeding the standard limits were relatively low. The detection rate of PCBs was low and the concentrations detected in all the sludge samples were less than 0. 2 mg/kg,which could meet the standard requirements of sludge.The organic pollutants in sludge mainly came from industrial wastewater discharged from petrochemical industry,machine processing,paper making,textile,electroplating,coking and chemical industry.
Organic pollutants contents in the sludge from 58 typical wastewater treatment plants in major watershed of China were investigated. And the possible sources of the organic pollutants were analyzed. The results indicated that the order of the average concentrations of organic pollutants exhibited as: mineral oil > adsorbable organic halide (AOX) > volatile phenols > total cyanides > poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) > Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) > polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The mineral oil,PAHs,AOX and volatile phenols concentrations exceeded the limit set by each sludge standard by over 5% respectively,especially the extent of mineral oil concentration exceeding the standard limit of agricultural grade A reached as high as 36%. The extent of total cyanides and BaP exceeding the standard limits were relatively low. The detection rate of PCBs was low and the concentrations detected in all the sludge samples were less than 0. 2 mg/kg,which could meet the standard requirements of sludge.The organic pollutants in sludge mainly came from industrial wastewater discharged from petrochemical industry,machine processing,paper making,textile,electroplating,coking and chemical industry.
引文
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[2]姚金玲,王海燕,于云江,等.城市污水处理厂污泥重金属污染状况及特征[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(6):696-702.Yao Jinling,Wang Haiyan,Yu Yunjiang,et al.Pollution status and characteristics of heavy metals in sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(6):696-702(in Chinese).
[3]郑翔翔,崔春红,周立祥,等.江苏省城市污水处理厂污泥重金属含量与形态研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):1982-1987.Zheng Xiangxiang,Cui Chunhong,Zhou Lixiang,et al.Concentrations and chemical fractions of heavy metals in sewage sludge of Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007,26(5):1982-1987(in Chinese).
[4]杨军,郭广慧,陈同斌,等.中国城市污泥的重金属含量及其变化趋势[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(13):122-124.Yang Jun,Guo Guanghui,Chen Tongbin,et al.Concentrations and variation of heavy metals in municipal sludge of China[J].China Water&Wastewater,2009,25(13):122-124(in Chinese).
[5]张雪英,周立祥,崔春红,等.江苏省城市污泥中多环芳烃的含量及其主要影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2008,29(8):2271-2276.Zhang Xueying,Zhou Lixiang,Cui Chunhong,et al.Content and its major influencing factors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in municipal sewage sludge of Jiangsu Province[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2008,29(8):2271-2276(in Chinese).
[6]余杰,鱼红霞,苑文颖.城市污泥土地利用多环芳烃(PAHs)生态风险评价研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(4):173-176,190.Yu Jie,Yu Hongxia,Yuan Wenying.Ecological risk assessment of applying(PAHs)in sewage sludge land[J].Environmental Science and Management,2014,39(4):173-176,190(in Chinese).
[7]邢耀宇,王建平,吕铁梅,等.纺织品中的可吸附有机卤化物及其检测方法的研究进展[J].纺织导报,2014,(3):86-88,90.Xing Yaoyu,Wang Jianping,Lv Tiemei,et al.AOX in textiles and the advancement in test methods[J].China Textile Leader,2014,(3):86-88,90(in Chinese).
[8]徐为中,周俊,王婷,等.厌氧消化对城市污泥中多环芳烃(PAHs)降解及分配的影响研究[J].环境工程,2016,34(4):110-115.Xu Weizhong,Zhou Jun,Wang Ting.et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation and their distribution in anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge[J].Environmental Engineering,2016,34(4):110-115(in Chinese).
[9]花莉.城市污泥堆肥资源化过程与污染物控制机理研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.Hua Li.Research on Mechanism of Sludge Reclamation and Pollution Control[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2008(in Chinese).
[10]梁晶,彭喜玲,方海兰,等.污泥堆腐过程中多环芳烃(PAHs)的降解[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(1):114-116.Liang Jing,Peng Xiling,Fang Hailan,et al.Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during composting of sewage sludge[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2011,34(1):114-116(in Chinese).
[11]赖柏民,沈东升,汪美贞.浙江省纺织染整企业废水中可吸附有机卤化物调查研究[J].环境污染与防治,2016,38(2):50-53.Lai Baimin,Shen Dongsheng,Wang Meizhen.Investigation of absorbable organic halogens in the dyeing and finishing textile industry in Zhejiang Province[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2016,38(2):50-53(in Chinese).