重质油-固体系分离与资源化回收研究进展
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摘要
针对异位非常规石油及油泥等重质油固体系分离与资源化利用问题,本文系统介绍了非常规石油资源与油泥的共性分离基础问题,并对几种主要的资源化利用方法进行了综述与展望。重质油固体系在结构上主要由油、矿物和水组成,但其性质则由矿物质理化性质、油组分性质、水分、添加剂(絮凝剂)所决定,从而直接影响油固分离方法的选择及分离效果。基于此,本文从工程化角度出发,重点总结了水洗法、溶剂萃取法和热解法三类重质油-固体系分离工艺研究现状,分别从各工艺基本工作原理、传统工艺流程、新型工艺研究以及发展方向展望4个方面进行了重点讨论。虽然这三类方法的工艺研究相对成熟,但在实际操作过程中,各自仍存在不同的挑战,有待进一步的探索,比如条件及设备优化、添加剂筛选及优化或原料体系改性、能量综合利用等。此外,除了技术本身以外,还需根据工程现场条件、分离经济性等方面对资源化化工艺进行全面分析与优化,确定适用范围,最终实现处理成本的降低。
In view of the separation and resource utilization of heavy oils such as ectopic unconventional petroleum and sludge, this paper systematically introduces the basic problems of unconventional petroleum resources and sludge separation. Several major resource utilization methods have beensummarized and discussed. The heavy oil-solid systems are mainly composed of oil, minerals and water.However, their properties are highly dependent on the physical and chemical properties of the minerals,the properties of the oil components, the moisture, and the additives(flocculants), which further directlyaffect the selection of oil-solid separation method, as well as the separation efficiency. Accordingly, thispaper summarizes the research status of three types of heavy oil-solid separation processes, such aswashing, solvent extraction and pyrolysis, from the basic engineering principles, traditional processes andnew processes. Although great progress has been made on these processes, there are still differentchallenges for each method, which needs further exploration, such as condition and equipment optimization, additive screening and optimization, raw material system modification, energy comprehensive utilization, etc. In addition to the technology itself, it is also necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the resource-based process in terms of engineering site conditions and separation economy to reduce the cost.
In view of the separation and resource utilization of heavy oils such as ectopic unconventional petroleum and sludge, this paper systematically introduces the basic problems of unconventional petroleum resources and sludge separation. Several major resource utilization methods have beensummarized and discussed. The heavy oil-solid systems are mainly composed of oil, minerals and water.However, their properties are highly dependent on the physical and chemical properties of the minerals,the properties of the oil components, the moisture, and the additives(flocculants), which further directlyaffect the selection of oil-solid separation method, as well as the separation efficiency. Accordingly, thispaper summarizes the research status of three types of heavy oil-solid separation processes, such aswashing, solvent extraction and pyrolysis, from the basic engineering principles, traditional processes andnew processes. Although great progress has been made on these processes, there are still differentchallenges for each method, which needs further exploration, such as condition and equipment optimization, additive screening and optimization, raw material system modification, energy comprehensive utilization, etc. In addition to the technology itself, it is also necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the resource-based process in terms of engineering site conditions and separation economy to reduce the cost.
引文
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