大都市区农村土地非农化空间特征及机理——以广州市为例
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摘要
随着国家对"三农"问题的关注以及新型城镇化、城乡统筹、新农村建设等一系列重大战略决策的提出,农村聚落的内容再次成为地理学的研究热点。大都市区作为快速城镇化和生产生活要素集聚的重点区域,其农村聚落的用地变化快速且复杂,成为了农村聚落研究的重要内容。本文利用农村土地非农化指数,将2013年广州市农村聚落分为农耕型农村聚落、非农化起步型农村聚落、非农化发展型农村聚落、非农化主导型农村聚落、非农化型农村聚落五种。结合GIS空间分析,对广州市农村土地非农化空间结构进行了研究,得出以下结论:(1)从市域角度,农村聚落土地非农化总体呈现出围绕大都市内核随距离增加而衰减,由外向内农村聚落土地非农化程度逐步升高。(2)从各区层面,农村土地非农化程度受副中心城镇化发展水平影响显著,近郊区域呈现面状圈层化分布,远郊则表现出沿道路的线状分布特点。(3)从局部尺度,重大基础设施对周边农村聚落的土地非农化发展有较大拉动作用,导致高土地非农化农村聚落点状出现。随后采用多元线性回归、地理探测器等方法,确定村内路网密度、与主城距离、流动人口、村集体收入、村民人均收入为影响农村土地非农化水平的主要因素,并在此基础上初步分析各因子对大都市区农村聚落土地非农化的影响机制。本文对如何利用农村非农化进程促进城市发展、优化调控农村土地利用和规划村庄发展提供一定的借鉴。
As the result of a series of significant strategic decisions promulgated by the Chinese government,including Urban and Rural Harmonious Development,New Urbanization,New Rural Construction,and the government's focus on problems facing rural areas,rural population,and agriculture,rural settlements have become a research focus of contemporary geography in China.As a key area of rapid urbanization and agglomeration of production and living factors,the land use of rural settlements in metropolitan areas changes rapidly and complicatedly,which has become an important content of research.This study divided the rural settlements into five categories and then analyzed the spatial distribution of rural land non-agricultural degree in Guangzhou City in 2013 using correlated index and GIS.The results show that:(1) Rural land non-agricultural degree decreases with the distance between a rural settlement and the metropolitan area,and increases from the outer suburb to the inner suburb.(2) There is a significant correlation between the rural land non-agricultural degree and the development level of the district centers.The distribution of non-agriculture land in inner suburb areas is zonal spread while the distribution in outer suburb areas is along the main roads.(3) The level of rural development is generally higher where major infrastructure is developed.Finally,this study analyzed the mechanism of the spatial distribution of rural land non-agriculture degree in Guangzhou City by using multiple linear regression and geographical detector.This paper provides some reference for how to use rural nonagricultural process to promote urban development,optimize and regulate rural land use,and plan village development.
As the result of a series of significant strategic decisions promulgated by the Chinese government,including Urban and Rural Harmonious Development,New Urbanization,New Rural Construction,and the government's focus on problems facing rural areas,rural population,and agriculture,rural settlements have become a research focus of contemporary geography in China.As a key area of rapid urbanization and agglomeration of production and living factors,the land use of rural settlements in metropolitan areas changes rapidly and complicatedly,which has become an important content of research.This study divided the rural settlements into five categories and then analyzed the spatial distribution of rural land non-agricultural degree in Guangzhou City in 2013 using correlated index and GIS.The results show that:(1) Rural land non-agricultural degree decreases with the distance between a rural settlement and the metropolitan area,and increases from the outer suburb to the inner suburb.(2) There is a significant correlation between the rural land non-agricultural degree and the development level of the district centers.The distribution of non-agriculture land in inner suburb areas is zonal spread while the distribution in outer suburb areas is along the main roads.(3) The level of rural development is generally higher where major infrastructure is developed.Finally,this study analyzed the mechanism of the spatial distribution of rural land non-agriculture degree in Guangzhou City by using multiple linear regression and geographical detector.This paper provides some reference for how to use rural nonagricultural process to promote urban development,optimize and regulate rural land use,and plan village development.
引文
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李涛,廖和平,褚远恒,等.2016.重庆市农地非农化空间非均衡及形成机理[J].自然资源学报,31(11):1844-1857.[Li T,Liao H P,Chu Y H,et al.2016.Spatial disequilibrium and its formation mechanism of farmland conversion in Chongqing[J].Journal of Natural Resources,31(11):1844-1857.]
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龙冬平,李同昇,苗园园,等.2014.中国农村人口非农化时空演变特征及影响因素[J].地理科学进展,33(4):517-530.[Long D P,Li T S,Miao Y Y,et al.2014.Spatio-temporal characteristics and impacting factors of non-agriculturalization of China's rural population[J],Progress in Geography,33(4):517-530.]
龙花楼,邹健,李婷婷,等.2012.乡村转型发展特征评价及地域类型划分:以“苏南-陕北”样带为例[J].地理研究.31(3):495-506.[Long H L,Zou J,Li T T,et al..2012.Study on the characteristics and territorial types of rural transformation development:The case of"Southern Jiangsu-Northern Shaanxi"transect[J].Geographical Research,31(3)495-506.]
孟宏斌.2017.农地非农化征用中的农民土地增值收益权保护[J].改革与战略,33(1):90-94.[Meng H B.2017.On the protection of farmers'interest in rural land value-add rights in the processes of rural land acquisition[J].Rerormation and Strategy,33(1):90-94.]
乔家君,李小建.2006.村域人地系统状态及其变化的定量研究:以河南省三个不同类型村为例[J].经济地理,26(2):192-197.[Qiao J J,Li X J.2006.A quantitative study on state and change of village-level man-earth system:The case of three different types'villages,Henan Province[J]Economic Geography,26(2):192-197.]
万晔,司徒群,朱彤,等.2002.云南傣族农村聚落分类体系与建设整治途径研究[J].经济地理,S1:58-62.[Wan YSitu Q,Zhu T et al.2002.A study of classification systems and renovition ways of Dai Minority's settlements of Yunnan[J].Economic Geography,S1:58-62.]
王劲峰,徐成东.2017.地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,72(1):116-134.[Wang J F,Xu C D.2017.Geodetector:Principle and prospective[J].Acta Geographica Sinica72(1):116-134.]
沃尔特·克里斯塔勒.2010.德国南部中心地原理[M].常正文,王兴中,译.北京:商务印书馆:1-19.[Christaller W2010.Germany in the Southern Center of Principle[M]Chang Z W,Wang X Z,Trans.Beijing,China:The commercial Press:1-19.]
谢长青,钱文荣,翟印礼.2008.公共基础设施投资与小城镇人口非农化关系研究:基于1995-2006年数据的分析[J]中国人口科学,28(5):58-65,96.[Xie C Q,Qian W RZhai Y L.2008.Empirical study on the relationships between public infrastructure investment and small town population's non-agriculturalization[J].Chinese Journal of Population Science,28(5):58-65,96.]
许学强,周一星,宁越敏,等.1996.城市地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.[Xu X Q,Zhou Y X,Ning Y M,et al1996.Urban Geography[M].Beijing,China:Higher Education Press.]
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