黔西北云炉河坝铅锌矿集区成矿物质来源—S、Pb同位素制约
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摘要
川滇黔铅锌成矿域位于扬子克拉通的西南缘,是我国十分重要的铅锌成矿区带之一,相关成矿物质来源认识长期存在较大争议。本文以该区研究程度较低的黔西北云炉河坝矿集区为研究对象,对矿集区内典型的铅锌矿床(包括,昊星、富强、顺达和狮子洞等)进行了硫、铅同位素研究,以探讨其成矿物质的来源。硫同位素分析结果表明,昊星矿区硫化物的δ34S值变化范围很小(-1.5‰~2.7‰),且集中于零值附近,暗示矿区硫可能主要来自于幔源岩浆硫的贡献,另外还发现一件黄铁矿样品具有较低的δ34S值(-18.1‰),反映矿区可能还存在细菌还原硫的贡献。铅同位素数据表明,不同矿区不同类型矿石的Pb同位素组成十分均一,206Pb/204Pb介于18.196~18.525,207Pb/204Pb为15.645~15.731,208Pb/204Pb为38.415~39.058,且不同样品之间的Pb同位素不存在明显差别,表明云炉河坝矿集区中的众多铅锌矿床(点)可能具有统一的铅金属来源,且后期的氧化淋滤作用并未导致明显的铅同位素分馏。通过与区域上不同时代地层以及邻区铅锌矿床综合对比,我们初步认为矿区铅可能主要源于该区基底岩石,而非其赋矿地层和二叠纪玄武岩。
The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic domain, located on the southwest margin of Yangtze craton, is one of most important lead-zinc mineralization belts in China. However, there is still a strong debate on the source of ore-forming materials. In this paper, we focus on the Yunluheba Pb-Zn ore field(including Haoxing, Shunda, Fuqiang and Shizdong Pb-Zn deposits) in the northwest of Guizhou Province, which has not been well studied until now, and try to determine the source of ore-forming materials by analysing the sulphur and lead isotopic compositions for different sulfides. The analytical results of sulphur isotopes show that most sulphides from the Haoxing mining area have a narrow δ34S range(-1.5‰–2.7‰), suggesting that sulphur mainly originated from the mantle. Moreover, one pyrite sample has a very low δ34S value(i.e.-18.1‰), which could have resulted from the reduction of bacterial sulphur. Lead isotope data show that different types of ore from different deposits all has uniform Pb isotopic composition, i.e. 206Pb/204 Pb = 18.196–18.525, 207Pb/204 Pb = 15.645–15.731, and 208Pb/204 Pb = 38.415–39.058, respectively. Furthermore, the oxidized ores generally have similar Pb isotopes with those of sulphide ores, which indicates that later oxidation leaching action did not cause lead isotope fractionation. Based on a comparison of the Pb isotopic data for different strata and deposits from Yunluheba and its adjacent regions, we proposed that the lead metal could be mainly derived from the basement rocks, rather than the wall rocks and/or Permian basalts.
The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic domain, located on the southwest margin of Yangtze craton, is one of most important lead-zinc mineralization belts in China. However, there is still a strong debate on the source of ore-forming materials. In this paper, we focus on the Yunluheba Pb-Zn ore field(including Haoxing, Shunda, Fuqiang and Shizdong Pb-Zn deposits) in the northwest of Guizhou Province, which has not been well studied until now, and try to determine the source of ore-forming materials by analysing the sulphur and lead isotopic compositions for different sulfides. The analytical results of sulphur isotopes show that most sulphides from the Haoxing mining area have a narrow δ34S range(-1.5‰–2.7‰), suggesting that sulphur mainly originated from the mantle. Moreover, one pyrite sample has a very low δ34S value(i.e.-18.1‰), which could have resulted from the reduction of bacterial sulphur. Lead isotope data show that different types of ore from different deposits all has uniform Pb isotopic composition, i.e. 206Pb/204 Pb = 18.196–18.525, 207Pb/204 Pb = 15.645–15.731, and 208Pb/204 Pb = 38.415–39.058, respectively. Furthermore, the oxidized ores generally have similar Pb isotopes with those of sulphide ores, which indicates that later oxidation leaching action did not cause lead isotope fractionation. Based on a comparison of the Pb isotopic data for different strata and deposits from Yunluheba and its adjacent regions, we proposed that the lead metal could be mainly derived from the basement rocks, rather than the wall rocks and/or Permian basalts.
引文
[1]廖震文.地物化综合找矿方法的一次成功尝试—贵州银厂坡银铅锌矿床深部矿体综合找矿预测及验证[J].地质与勘探,2006,42(1):59-63.
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[9]廖文.滇东-黔西铅锌金属区硫、铅同位素组成特征与成矿模式探讨[J].地质与勘探,1984,20(1):1-6.
[10]周家喜,黄智龙,周国富,金中国,李晓彪,丁伟,谷静.黔西北赫章天桥铅锌矿床成矿物质来源:S,Pb同位素和REE制约[J].地质论评,2010,56(4):513-524.
[11]Zhou J,Huang Z,Zhou M,Li X,Jin Z.Constraints of C-O-S-Pb isotope compositions and Rb-Sr isotopic age on the origin of the Tianqiao carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit,SW China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2013,53:77-92.
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[19]金中国.黔西北地区铅锌矿控矿因素,成矿规律与找矿预测[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008.
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[23]李文博,黄智龙,张冠.云南会泽铅锌矿田成矿物质来源:Pb、S、C、H、O、Sr同位素制约[J].岩石学报,2006,22(10):2567-2580.
[24]Zhou J X,Huang Z L,Lv Z C,Zhu X K,Gao J G,Mirnejad H.Geology,isotope geochemistry and ore genesis of the Shanshulin carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit,southwest China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2014,63:209-225.
[25]Bouse R M,Ruiz J,Titley S R,Tosdal R M,Wooden J L.Lead isotope compositions of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary igneous rocks and sulfide minerals in Arizona;implications for the sources of plutons and metals in porphyry copper deposits[J].Economic Geology,1999,94(2):211-244.
[26]黄智龙,陈进,韩润生,李文博,刘丛强,张振亮,马德云,高德荣,杨海林.云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床地球化学及成因:兼论峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌成矿的关系[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[27]张启厚,毛健全,顾尚义.水城赫章铅锌矿成矿的金属物源研究[J].贵州工业大学学报:自然科学版,1998,27(6):26-34.
[28]许连忠.滇黔相邻地区峨眉山玄武岩地球化学特征及其成自然铜矿作用[D].贵阳:中国科学院研究生院,2006.
[29]李厚民,毛景文,张长青,许虹,陈毓川,王登红.滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿同位素地球化学特征[J].矿床地质,2004,23(2):232-240.
[30]Zhou C,Wei C,Guo J,Li C.The Source of Metals in the Qilinchang Zn-Pb Deposit,Northeastern Yunnan,China:Pb-Sr Isotope Constraints[J].Economic Geology,2001,96(3):583-598.
[2]陈国勇,邹建波,谭华,范玉梅.黔西北地区铅锌矿成矿规律探讨[J].贵州地质,2008,25(2):86-94.
[3]顾尚义.黔西北铅锌矿稀土元素组成特征—兼论黔西北地区铅锌矿成矿与峨眉山玄武岩的关系[J].贵州地质,2006,23(4):274-277.
[4]顾尚义.黔西北地区铅锌矿硫同位素特征研究[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,36(1):8-11.
[5]黄智龙,陈进,刘丛强,韩润生,李文博,赵德顺,高德荣,冯志宏.峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌矿床成矿关系初探—以云南会泽铅锌矿床为例[J].矿物学报,2001,21(4):681-688.
[6]刘幼平.黔西北地区铅锌矿成矿规律及找矿模式初探[J].贵州地质,2002,19(3):169-174.
[7]王华云.贵州铅锌矿的地球化学特征[J].贵州地质,1993,10(4):272-290.
[8]郑传仑.黔西北铅锌矿的矿质来源[J].桂林冶金地质学院学报,1994,14(2):113-124.
[9]廖文.滇东-黔西铅锌金属区硫、铅同位素组成特征与成矿模式探讨[J].地质与勘探,1984,20(1):1-6.
[10]周家喜,黄智龙,周国富,金中国,李晓彪,丁伟,谷静.黔西北赫章天桥铅锌矿床成矿物质来源:S,Pb同位素和REE制约[J].地质论评,2010,56(4):513-524.
[11]Zhou J,Huang Z,Zhou M,Li X,Jin Z.Constraints of C-O-S-Pb isotope compositions and Rb-Sr isotopic age on the origin of the Tianqiao carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit,SW China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2013,53:77-92.
[12]Ohmoto H.Stable isotope geochemistry of ore deposits[J].Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,1986,16(1):491-559.
[13]Cumming G,Richards J.Ore lead isotope ratios in a continuously changing earth[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1975,28(2):155-171.
[14]Stacey J S,Kramers J D.Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1975,26(2):207-221.
[15]Zartman R E,Doe B R.Plumbotectonics-the model[J].Tectonophysics,1981,75(1):135-162.
[16]Zartman R E,Haines S M.The plumbotectonic model for Pb isotopic systematics among major terrestrial reservoirs—a case for bi-directional transport[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1988,52(5):1327-1339.
[17]韩润生,刘丛强,黄智龙,李元,陈进.云南会泽铅锌矿床构造控矿及断裂构造岩稀土元素组成特征[J].矿物岩石,2000,21(4):11-18.
[18]刘幼平,杭家华,张伦尉,曾道国.黔西北铅锌矿集区成矿条件及找矿潜力探讨[J].矿产与地质,2004,24(6):545-549.
[19]金中国.黔西北地区铅锌矿控矿因素,成矿规律与找矿预测[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008.
[20]王佳武.贵州省威宁县云炉河坝铅锌矿床地质特征[J].贵州地质,2004,21(2):90-93.
[21]Hoefs J.Stable Isotope Geochemistry[M].Springer Science&Business Media,2008.
[22]郑永飞,陈江峰.稳定同位素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[23]李文博,黄智龙,张冠.云南会泽铅锌矿田成矿物质来源:Pb、S、C、H、O、Sr同位素制约[J].岩石学报,2006,22(10):2567-2580.
[24]Zhou J X,Huang Z L,Lv Z C,Zhu X K,Gao J G,Mirnejad H.Geology,isotope geochemistry and ore genesis of the Shanshulin carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit,southwest China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2014,63:209-225.
[25]Bouse R M,Ruiz J,Titley S R,Tosdal R M,Wooden J L.Lead isotope compositions of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary igneous rocks and sulfide minerals in Arizona;implications for the sources of plutons and metals in porphyry copper deposits[J].Economic Geology,1999,94(2):211-244.
[26]黄智龙,陈进,韩润生,李文博,刘丛强,张振亮,马德云,高德荣,杨海林.云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床地球化学及成因:兼论峨眉山玄武岩与铅锌成矿的关系[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.
[27]张启厚,毛健全,顾尚义.水城赫章铅锌矿成矿的金属物源研究[J].贵州工业大学学报:自然科学版,1998,27(6):26-34.
[28]许连忠.滇黔相邻地区峨眉山玄武岩地球化学特征及其成自然铜矿作用[D].贵阳:中国科学院研究生院,2006.
[29]李厚民,毛景文,张长青,许虹,陈毓川,王登红.滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿同位素地球化学特征[J].矿床地质,2004,23(2):232-240.
[30]Zhou C,Wei C,Guo J,Li C.The Source of Metals in the Qilinchang Zn-Pb Deposit,Northeastern Yunnan,China:Pb-Sr Isotope Constraints[J].Economic Geology,2001,96(3):583-598.
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