中国2004—2015年间石灰工业的CO_2排放
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摘要
中国是世界上最大的能源消费国和碳排放国,作为中国工业中仅次于水泥生产的第二大工业过程碳排放源,石灰工业的碳排放量鲜见报道。本研究估算了中国石灰工业的过程排放量(即工业生产过程中直接产生的CO_2排放),化石燃料燃烧排放量(即由燃料燃烧直接产生的CO_2排放)以及间接排放量(由电力消耗产生的CO_2排放)。估算结果表明:石灰的工业过程CO_2排放量增加迅速(从2004年的0.979×108t到2015年的1.649×108t)。到2015年,中国石灰工业的CO_2排放量为2.361×108t,其中,燃料燃烧的CO_2排放量是0.658×108t,环保先进窑的排放量占46.05%;间接排放量为0.053 5×108t,环保先进窑的排放量占21.31%。
China is the largest energy consumer and carbon emitter in the world. The academic circles have paid attention to its energy consumption and carbon emissions in the industrial process. In the industrial process,the emission of cement industry is a focus. However,carbon emissions from the lime industry are rarely reported as the carbon source of the second major industrial processes after cement production. This study estimates the process emissions of China's calcareous industry(CO_2 emissions produced directly from industrial production),emission of fossil fuels(CO_2 emissions produced directly from fuel combustion) and indirect emissions(CO_2 emissions generated by electricity consumption). The estimation results showed that the CO_2 emissions from the industrial process of lime increased rapidly(from 0. 979 × 108 t in 2004 to 1. 649 × 108 t in 2015). In 2015,the CO_2 emissions of China's lime industry was 2. 361 × 108 t,of which the CO_2 emissions of fuel combustion was 0. 658 × 108 t,the emission of the advanced kiln was 46. 05%,the indirect emission was 0. 053 5 × 108 t,and the emission of the advanced kiln was 21. 31%.
China is the largest energy consumer and carbon emitter in the world. The academic circles have paid attention to its energy consumption and carbon emissions in the industrial process. In the industrial process,the emission of cement industry is a focus. However,carbon emissions from the lime industry are rarely reported as the carbon source of the second major industrial processes after cement production. This study estimates the process emissions of China's calcareous industry(CO_2 emissions produced directly from industrial production),emission of fossil fuels(CO_2 emissions produced directly from fuel combustion) and indirect emissions(CO_2 emissions generated by electricity consumption). The estimation results showed that the CO_2 emissions from the industrial process of lime increased rapidly(from 0. 979 × 108 t in 2004 to 1. 649 × 108 t in 2015). In 2015,the CO_2 emissions of China's lime industry was 2. 361 × 108 t,of which the CO_2 emissions of fuel combustion was 0. 658 × 108 t,the emission of the advanced kiln was 46. 05%,the indirect emission was 0. 053 5 × 108 t,and the emission of the advanced kiln was 21. 31%.
引文
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[3]ZHOU S,KYLE G P,YU S,et al.Energy use and CO2,emissions of China's industrial sector from a global perspective[J].Energy Policy,2013,58:284-294.
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[5]KENNEDY C,STEINBERGER J,GASSON B,et al.Methodology for inventorying greenhouse gas emissions from global cities[J].Energy Policy,2010,38(9):4828-4837.
[6]中国国家发展和改革委员会.中华人民共和国气候变化第二次国家信息通报[EB/OL].http://qhs.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfg/201404/t20140415_606980.html,2014:58-65.
[7]EUROPEAN COMMISSION.Emission database for global atmospheric research[EB/OL].http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php,2014:23-26.
[8]GUTIRREZ A S,CANEGHEM J V,MARTNEZ J B C,et al.Evaluation of the environmental performance of lime production in Cuba[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2012,31:126-136.
[9]MINER R,UPTON B.Methods for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from lime kilns at kraft pulp mills[J].Energy,2002,27(8):729-738.
[10]PRICE L,SINTON J,WORRELL E,et al.Energy use and carbon dioxide emissions from steel production in China[J].Energy,2002,27(5):429-446.
[11]GREGG J S,ANDRES R J,MARLAND G.China:Emissions pattern of the world leader in CO2emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement production[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35(8):135-157.
[12]XI F,GENG Y,CHEN X,et al.Contributing to local policy making on GHG emission reduction through inventorying and attribution:A case study of Shenyang,China[J].Energy Policy,2011,39(10):5999-6010.
[13]WU H J,YUAN Z W,ZHANG L,et al.Life cycle energy consumption and CO2,emission of an office building in China[J].International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2012,17(2):105-118.
[14]LIN B,OUYANG X.Analysis of energy-related CO2,(carbon dioxide)emissions and reduction potential in the Chinese non-metallic mineral products industry[J].Energy,2014,68(8):688-697.
[15]BROWN D,SADIQ R,HEWAGE K.An overview of air emission intensities and environmental performance of grey cement manufacturing in Canada[J].Clean Technologies&Environmental Policy,2014,16(6):1119-1131.
[16]DI X,NIE Z,YUAN B,et al.Life cycle inventory for electricity generation in China[J].International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2007,12(4):217-224.
[17]AGENCY I E.IPCC guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories[J].Energy,2006,2:56-80.
[18]TIAN Y,ZHU Q,GENG Y.An analysis of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions in the Chinese iron and steel industry[J].Energy Policy,2013,56(2):352-361.
[19]LIU Z,DONG H,GENG Y,et al.Insights into the Regional Greenhouse Gas(GHG)emission of industrial processes:A case study of Shenyang,China[J].Sustainability,2014,6(6):3669-3685.
[20]ZHOU W J,ZHU B,LI Q A,et al.CO2emissions and mitigation potential in China's ammonia industry[J].Energy Policy,2010,38(7):3701-3709.
[21]LEI Y,ZHANG Q,NIELSEN C,et al.An inventory of primary air pollutants and CO2emissions from cement production in China,1990—2020[J].Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(1):147-154.
[22]ZHAO X,MA Q,YANG R.Factors influencing CO2,emissions in China's power industry:Co-integration analysis[J].Energy Policy,2013,57(6):89-98.
[23]SHUAI S,YANG L,YU M,et al.Estimation,characteristics,and determinants of energy-related industrial CO2emissions in Shanghai(China),1994—2009[J].Energy Policy,2011,39(10):6476-6494.
[24]LINDNER S,GUAN D.A hybrid-unit energy input-output model to evaluate embodied energy and life cycle emissions for China's economy[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology,2014,18(2):201-211.
[25]LIU Z,FENG K,HUBACEK K,et al.Four system boundaries for carbon accounts[J].Ecological Modelling,2015,318:118-125.
[26]马翠梅,李士成,葛全胜.省级电网温室气体排放因子研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(5):1005-1012.
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[29]LI B,BROWN K V,WENKE J C,et al.Demonstration analysis of Chinese construction industry output under global financial crisis[J].Science&Technology Management Research,2010,145(3):S73.
[30]LI Y L,HUANG Z Y.Empirical analysis on China's construction industry productivity change before and after the financial crisis[J].Journal of Engineering Management,2012,25(3):12-17.
[31]GUAN D,KLASEN S,HUBACEK K,et al.Determinants of stagnating carbon intensity in China[J].Nature Climate Change,2014,4(11):1017-1023.
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