不同形态氮素配比对雄性毛白杨苗木生长的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究雄性毛白杨对不同氮素形态配比的响应,为提高雄性毛白杨的氮素利用效率和科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以窄冠雄性毛白杨331幼苗为研究对象,采用容器植苗方法,设置不同形态氮素配比(硝态氮∶铵态氮=0∶100、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75、100∶0)、单一形态氮(酰胺态氮)和不施肥为对照,测定毛白杨苗高、地径、生物量、叶片结构、根系特征和氮、磷、钾含量,研究不同形态氮素配比对雄性毛白杨生长、生理结构和养分累积的影响。【结果】雄性毛白杨331在同一施氮水平下,苗高、地径随着硝态氮比例的增大呈现先增加后稳定的趋势,当硝态氮比例达到50%及以上时,苗高、地径趋于稳定,平均分别达到189.33 cm、21.84 mm;根和茎的生物量随着硝态氮比例的增大而增大,但硝铵比为75∶25处理(0.84)的根茎比显著大于单施硝态氮的处理(0.68)。硝铵配比施肥对毛白杨叶片总厚度、细根的生长具有明显的促进作用,50%及以上硝态氮处理下的细根根长和根表面积显著大于其他处理组合。高硝铵比(50∶50或75∶25)和尿素施肥处理均能有效促进植株茎、根的氮素积累,但尿素处理苗木根系的磷含量显著低于高硝铵配比处理。【结论】硝态氮能够明显促进窄冠雄性毛白杨331的生长和养分积累,毛白杨331具有明显的偏硝性。雄性毛白杨施肥时建议采用硝铵比为50∶50至75∶25的施肥配比。
[Objective] Investigating growth response of male Populus tomentosa seedlings to different nitrogen forms and ratios aims to provide theoretical basis for improving nitrogen use efficiency and recommendations for N fertilizer management of male P. tomentosa. [Method] Male P. tomentosa 331 seedlings with narrow crown feature were transplanted in containers and different forms of nitrogen fertilizers were applied. The effects of seedling growth,physiological structure and nutrient accumulation of P. tomentosa were measured. The treatments included seven N forms,which were five nitrate( NO_3~-)to ammonium( NH_4~+) ratios of 0∶ 100,75∶ 25,50∶ 50,25∶ 75,and 100∶ 0,one single form N treatment( amide nitrogen) and a control with no fertilizer. Seedling height,root-collar diameter( RCD),biomass,leaf structure,root morphology,and leaf nitrogen( N),phosphorus( P) and potassium( K)concentrations were measured periodically during the growing season. [Result] The height and RCD of P. tomentosa seedlings increased initially and then stabilized with the increase of NO_3~--N to NH_4~+-N under the same nitrogen level. When the proportion of nitrate nitrogen reached 50% and above,the seedling height and RCD tended to be stable, with an average of 189. 33 cm and 21. 84 mm,respectively. The biomass of root and stem also increased with the increase of NO_3~--N to NH_4~+-N,but75∶ 25 treatment( 0. 84) had significantly greater root to shoot ratio than treatment 100∶ 0( 0. 68). NO_3~--N fertilizer obviously promoted the growth of total leaf thickness and fine root of P. tomentosa. Root length and root surface area of fine roots with treatment of 50% or more nitrate were significantly greater than those of other treatments. 50 ∶ 50,75 ∶ 25 and amide nitrogen treatments could effectively promote N accumulation for stems and roots,but the P concentration of seedlings under amide nitrogen treatment was significantly lower than that of others. [Conclusion] NO_3~--N fertilizer can significantly promote the growth and nutrient accumulation of male P. tomentosa 331 seedlings,the optimum ratios of NO_3~--N to NH_4~+-N were 50∶ 50 to 75∶ 25 for different nitrogen form fertilizers.
[Objective] Investigating growth response of male Populus tomentosa seedlings to different nitrogen forms and ratios aims to provide theoretical basis for improving nitrogen use efficiency and recommendations for N fertilizer management of male P. tomentosa. [Method] Male P. tomentosa 331 seedlings with narrow crown feature were transplanted in containers and different forms of nitrogen fertilizers were applied. The effects of seedling growth,physiological structure and nutrient accumulation of P. tomentosa were measured. The treatments included seven N forms,which were five nitrate( NO_3~-)to ammonium( NH_4~+) ratios of 0∶ 100,75∶ 25,50∶ 50,25∶ 75,and 100∶ 0,one single form N treatment( amide nitrogen) and a control with no fertilizer. Seedling height,root-collar diameter( RCD),biomass,leaf structure,root morphology,and leaf nitrogen( N),phosphorus( P) and potassium( K)concentrations were measured periodically during the growing season. [Result] The height and RCD of P. tomentosa seedlings increased initially and then stabilized with the increase of NO_3~--N to NH_4~+-N under the same nitrogen level. When the proportion of nitrate nitrogen reached 50% and above,the seedling height and RCD tended to be stable, with an average of 189. 33 cm and 21. 84 mm,respectively. The biomass of root and stem also increased with the increase of NO_3~--N to NH_4~+-N,but75∶ 25 treatment( 0. 84) had significantly greater root to shoot ratio than treatment 100∶ 0( 0. 68). NO_3~--N fertilizer obviously promoted the growth of total leaf thickness and fine root of P. tomentosa. Root length and root surface area of fine roots with treatment of 50% or more nitrate were significantly greater than those of other treatments. 50 ∶ 50,75 ∶ 25 and amide nitrogen treatments could effectively promote N accumulation for stems and roots,but the P concentration of seedlings under amide nitrogen treatment was significantly lower than that of others. [Conclusion] NO_3~--N fertilizer can significantly promote the growth and nutrient accumulation of male P. tomentosa 331 seedlings,the optimum ratios of NO_3~--N to NH_4~+-N were 50∶ 50 to 75∶ 25 for different nitrogen form fertilizers.
引文
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[6]马检,樊卫国.不同配比的硝态氮和铵态氮对枇杷实生苗氮素吸收动力学及生长的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(6):1152-1162.Ma J,Fan W G.Effects of different ratios of nitrate and ammonium on the dynamic kinetic and growth for Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.seedlings[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(6):1152--1162.
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[10]杨阳,郑秋玲,裴成国,等.不同硝铵比对霞多丽葡萄幼苗生长和氮素营养的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):370--375.Yang Y,Zheng Q L,Pei C G,et al.Effects of NO-3-N/NH+4-N ratios on Chardonnay grape seedling growth and nitrogen nutrition[J].Plant Nutrition&Fertilizer Science,2010,16(2):370-375.
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[17]陈连东,屠泉洪,孙时轩.小美旱杨插条苗(1-0)施肥的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1991,13(1):37-42.Chen L D,Tu Q H,Sun S X.Study on the application of fertilizers N,P and K to the cuttings of Populus popularis HSü(1-0)[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,1991,13(1):37--42.
[18]胡磊,李吉跃,尚富华,等.不同施肥处理对毛白杨人工林生长及营养状况的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(9):115-121.Hu L,Li J Y,Shang F H,et al.Effects of different fertilization treatments on growth and nutritional status of Populus tomentosa plantation[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(9):115-121.
[19]席本野,王烨,贾黎明.滴灌施肥下施氮量和施氮频率对毛白杨生物量及氮吸收的影响[J].林业科学,2017,53(5):63--73.Xi B Y,Wang Y,Jia L M.Effects of nitrogen application rate and frequency on biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake of Populus tomentosa under drip fertigation[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2017,53(5):63-73.
[20]孙兆地,聂立水,辛颖,等.水氮耦合效应对三倍体毛白杨林木生长状况的影响[J].土壤通报,2012,43(4):896--902.Sun Z D,Nie L S,Xin Y,et al.Effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the growth of triploid Populus tomentosa[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2012,43(4):896--902.
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