男子20 km竞走奥运会冠军陈定竞走技术的运动学分析
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摘要
为了提高我国竞走项目奥运会备战团体实力和技术水平,以里约奥运会选拔赛陈定的竞走技术为研究对象,主要运用测量法对陈定的竞走技术进行研究。认为:陈定具有世界优秀运动员"步幅型"技术特征;低速走大臂后摆不足,高速走小腿后撩过大,头顶起伏距离偏大,左右腿明显不平衡。低速走躯干倾角接近合理范围下限角度值,着地角处于优秀运动员水平;高速走躯干倾角过大,导致摆动腿前摆腿屈曲,缺少空中双支撑技术阶段。高速走躯干过度前倾,左右腿步长差异增大、单侧腿用力明显;离地后蹬距离增大,着地角变小,左脚着地角过小,着地阶段左脚踝关节角度大。建议陈定调整躯干直立角度,改善左右腿蹬摆的平衡性,缩短腾空距离和时间,提高竞走技术的规范性,增强竞走技术的实效性。
In order to improve the team strength and technical level of China's Olympic race walking event,CHEN Ding's race walking technique in Rio Olympic Games selection competition was taken as the research object. where CHEND Ding's race walking technique is studies with measurement method.It is found that CHEN Ding has the technical characteristics of "stride type"of world elite athletes. At low speed, the backswing of the upper arm is insufficient, while at high speed, the backswing of the lower leg is too large, the fluctuation distance of the top of the head is too large, and the right and left legs are obviously unbalanced. The trunk angle of low speed walking is close to the lower limit of reasonable range, and the angle of landing is at the level of excellent athletes; the trunk angle of high speed walking is too large,leading to swinging leg buckling, lack of air double support technology stage. Trunk forward too much at high speed, left and right leg step length difference increases, one side leg strength is obvious; landing angle smaller, left foot landing angle is too small, left ankle joint angle at landing stage is large. It is suggested to adjust the vertical angel of CHEN Ding's trunk, improve the balance of left and right legs, reduce the takeoff distance and time, improve the standardization of the race walking technique,and increase the effectiveness of race walking technique application.
In order to improve the team strength and technical level of China's Olympic race walking event,CHEN Ding's race walking technique in Rio Olympic Games selection competition was taken as the research object. where CHEND Ding's race walking technique is studies with measurement method.It is found that CHEN Ding has the technical characteristics of "stride type"of world elite athletes. At low speed, the backswing of the upper arm is insufficient, while at high speed, the backswing of the lower leg is too large, the fluctuation distance of the top of the head is too large, and the right and left legs are obviously unbalanced. The trunk angle of low speed walking is close to the lower limit of reasonable range, and the angle of landing is at the level of excellent athletes; the trunk angle of high speed walking is too large,leading to swinging leg buckling, lack of air double support technology stage. Trunk forward too much at high speed, left and right leg step length difference increases, one side leg strength is obvious; landing angle smaller, left foot landing angle is too small, left ankle joint angle at landing stage is large. It is suggested to adjust the vertical angel of CHEN Ding's trunk, improve the balance of left and right legs, reduce the takeoff distance and time, improve the standardization of the race walking technique,and increase the effectiveness of race walking technique application.
引文
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[3] HANLEY B, BISSAS A. Analysis of lower limb internal kinetics and electromyography in elite race walking[J]. Journal of Sports Science,2013, 31(11):1222.
[4] PAVEI G, CAZZOLA D, LA TORRE A, et al. The biomechanics of race walking:literature overview and new insights[J]. European Journal of Sport Science, 2014, 14(7):661.
[5]周浩祥.女子20 km竞走全运会冠军吕秀芝技术动作特征研究[J].中国体育科技,2014,50(5):12.
[6]贾谊,严波涛,李厚林.对中、外优秀竞走运动员关键动作技术特征的运动学分析[J].中国体育科技,2011,47(4):8.
[7]李厚林.“复合钟摆”运动生物力学原理在竞走技术创新中的应用研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2013,30(2):196.
[8]HANLEY B, BISSAS A, DRAKE A. Kinematic characteristics of elite men’s and women’s 20 km race walking and their variation during the race[J]. Sports Biomechanics, 2011, 10(2):110.
[2]周浩翔,王国伟.中外优秀男子20 km竞走运动员技术动作对比分析[J].体育学刊,2015,22(6):99.
[3] HANLEY B, BISSAS A. Analysis of lower limb internal kinetics and electromyography in elite race walking[J]. Journal of Sports Science,2013, 31(11):1222.
[4] PAVEI G, CAZZOLA D, LA TORRE A, et al. The biomechanics of race walking:literature overview and new insights[J]. European Journal of Sport Science, 2014, 14(7):661.
[5]周浩祥.女子20 km竞走全运会冠军吕秀芝技术动作特征研究[J].中国体育科技,2014,50(5):12.
[6]贾谊,严波涛,李厚林.对中、外优秀竞走运动员关键动作技术特征的运动学分析[J].中国体育科技,2011,47(4):8.
[7]李厚林.“复合钟摆”运动生物力学原理在竞走技术创新中的应用研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2013,30(2):196.
[8]HANLEY B, BISSAS A, DRAKE A. Kinematic characteristics of elite men’s and women’s 20 km race walking and their variation during the race[J]. Sports Biomechanics, 2011, 10(2):110.