4种常见土壤含水量传感器精度分析及评价
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摘要
针对目前市面上不同传感器测定结果差异过大,导致农业生产中效率低下的问题,选取了市面上常见的4种土壤湿度传感器(编号为A、B、C和D),进行室内与田间试验,测试传感器的精度。试验结果表明,传感器B的测定结果与土壤真实含水量值最为接近(综合误差为5. 14%),而其他3种传感器测定值与真实含水量的差异较大(综合偏差均> 9%)。此外,当测试环境变化时,传感器对于相同含水量土壤的测定结果会随之变化,传感器测定误差值也随之变化,特定条件下误差值变化相当明显。测试也表明传感器厂家对传感器的初步校正具有局限性,如果想得到更为精确的结果,对传感器再次进行针对校正是必不可少的。
In view of inefficiency of agricultural production caused by much different measured results of different sensors on the market,four soil moisture sensors( numbered A,B,C,and D) commonly available on the market were selected to perform indoor and field tests to test accuracy of sensor. Test results showed that measured result of sensor B was the closest to true water content of soil( comprehensive error was 5. 14%),and difference between measured values of other three sensors and true water content was too large( comprehensive deviation was greater than 9%). In addition,test results also showed that sensor's measurement results for soil with the same water content would change when test environment changed,and sensor measurement error value would corresponding change. Error value changed under certain conditions was quite obvious. Test also showed that sensor manufacturer has a limitation on initial calibration of sensor. If user need more accurate results,it is essential to correct sensor again.
In view of inefficiency of agricultural production caused by much different measured results of different sensors on the market,four soil moisture sensors( numbered A,B,C,and D) commonly available on the market were selected to perform indoor and field tests to test accuracy of sensor. Test results showed that measured result of sensor B was the closest to true water content of soil( comprehensive error was 5. 14%),and difference between measured values of other three sensors and true water content was too large( comprehensive deviation was greater than 9%). In addition,test results also showed that sensor's measurement results for soil with the same water content would change when test environment changed,and sensor measurement error value would corresponding change. Error value changed under certain conditions was quite obvious. Test also showed that sensor manufacturer has a limitation on initial calibration of sensor. If user need more accurate results,it is essential to correct sensor again.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国水利部. 2016年中国水资源公报[R/OL].(2016-07-11)[2019-06-12]. http://www. mwr. gov. cn/sj/tjgb/szygb/201707/t20170711_955305. html.
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[4]李青,陈红梅,王雅鹏.基于面板VAR模型的新疆农业用水与农业经济增长的互动效应研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(8):1 679-1 685.LI Qing,CHEN Hongmei,WANG Yapeng. The interactive effect of agricultural water and agricultural economic growth in Xinjiang[J]. Resources Science,2014,36(8):1 679-1 685.
[5]周明耀,邵孝侯.精确灌溉技术体系研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2002(2):35-37.ZHOU Mingyao,SHAO Xiaohou. Research on precision irrigation technique system[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower,2002(2):35-37.
[6]李毅杰,原保忠,别之龙,等.不同土壤水分下限对大棚滴灌甜瓜产量和品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):132-138.LI Yijie,YUAN Baozhong,BIE Zhilong,et al. Effects of drip irrigation threshold on yield and quality of muskmelon in plastic greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(6):132-138.
[7]杨海天,于婷婷,李春胜,等.基于GPRS的土壤墒情远程监测系统[J].农业工程,2016,6(1):32-36.YANG Haitian,YU Tingting,LI Chunsheng,et al. Remote monitoring system of soil moisture based on GPRS[J]. Agricultural Engineering,2016,6(1):32-36.
[8]杨卫中,王一鸣,石庆兰,等.吉林市土壤墒情监测系统开发及利用[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(S2):177-181.YANG Weizhong,WANG Yiming,SHI Qinglan,et al. Development and application of soil moisture monitor system in Jilin region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(S2):177-181.
[9]樊志平,洪添胜,刘志壮,等.柑橘园土壤墒情远程监控系统设计与实现[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):205-210.FAN Zhiping,HONG Tiansheng, LIU Zhizhuang, et al. Design and realization of remote monitoring system for soil moisture in citrus orchards[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(8):205-210.
[10]彭胜民,周修理,程雪,等.基于ARM的土壤含水率无线传输系统设计[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(S1):241-243,231.PENG Shengmin,ZHOU Xiuli,CHENG Xue,et al. Development of ARM-based wireless transmission system of soil moisture[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(S1):241-243,231.
[11]时新玲,王国栋.土壤含水量测定方法研究进展[J].中国农村水利水电,2003(10):84-86.SHI Xinlin, WANG Guodong. Research advances in measuring method of soil water content[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower,2003(10):84-86.
[12]陈家宙,陈明亮,何圆球.各具特色的当代土壤水分测量技术[J].湖北农业科学,2001(3):25-28.CHEN Jiazhou,CHEN Mingliang,HE Yuanqiu. The current multifarious technologies for soil moisture measurement[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2001(3):25-28.
[13] EVETT S R. Soil water and monitoring technology[J]. Irrigation of Agricultural Crops,Agronomy Monograph,2007(30),25-84.
[14] TOPP G C,DAVIS J L. Measurement of soil water content using time-domain reflectometry(TDR):a field evaluation[J]. Journal Soil Science Society of America,1985,49(1):19-24.
[15] PAIGE G B,KEEFER T O. Comparison of field performance of multiple soil moisture sensors in a semi-arid rangeland1[J]. Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2008,44(1):121-135.
[16] LUKANGU G,SAVAGE M J,JOHNSTON M A. Use of subhourly soil water content measured with a frequency-domain reflectometer to schedule irrigation of cabbages[J]. Irrigation Science,1999,19(1):7-13.
[17] LEIB B G,JABRO J,MATTHEWS G R. Field evaluation and performance comparison of soil moisture sensors[J]. Soil Science,2003,168(6):396-408.
[18]刘燕,赵武,郭文远,等.两种土壤水分监测仪测墒精度的比较[J].气象与环境科学,2007(S1):175-178.LIU Yan,ZHAO Wu,GUO Wenyuan,et al. Accuracy comparative analysis of two soil moisture monitor[J]. Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2007(S1):175-178.
[19]李炎,王丹.不同土壤水分测定方法的比较研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(17):9 110-9 112.LI Yan,WANG Dan. Comparative study on different determination methods of soil moisture[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(17):9 110-9 112.
[20]唐玉邦,何志刚,虞利俊,等.土壤水分传感器(FDR)在作物精准灌溉中的标定与应用[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(4):343-344.
[21] VARBLE J L. Performance evaluations and calibrations of soil water content/potential sensors for agricultural soils in eastern Colorado[D]. Colorado:Colorado State University,2011.
[22]戴宇培.土壤温湿度传感器及其数据采集系统设计[D].南京:南京林业大学,2017.DAI Yupei. Design of soil temperature and moisture sensor and its data acquisition system[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2017.
[23]张永磊,杨鹏,杨彦鑫,等.大田柑橘根区土壤温湿度数据采集系统设计与研究[J].自动化技术与应用,2017,36(4):17-20.ZHANG Yonglei,YANG Peng,YANG Yanxin,et al. Design and research on the soil temperature and humidity data acquisition system of citrus'root zone[J]. Techniques of Automation and Applications,2017,36(4):17-20.
[24]高志涛,刘卫平,赵燕东,等.多层土壤剖面复合传感器设计与性能分析[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):108-117.GAO Zhitao,LIU Weiping,ZHAO Yandong, et al. Design and performance analysis of composite sensor for multilayer soil profile[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):108-117.
[25]王新忠,刘飞,韩旭.土壤理化特性对土壤剖面水分传感器性能的影响[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(11):97-101.WANG Xinzhong,LIU Fei, HAN Xu. Influence of soil physical and chemical properties on performance of soil profile moisture sensor[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(11):97-101.
[26]郭文川,宋克鑫,张鹏,等.土壤温度和容重对频率反射土壤水分传感器测量精度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(10):136-143.GUO Wenchuan,SONG Kexin, ZHANG Peng, et al. Effects of temperature and bulk density on measurement precision of soil moisture sensor based on frequency domain reflectometry[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(10):136-143.
[27]周凌云,陈志雄,李卫民. TDR法测定土壤含水量的标定研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(1):59-64.ZHOU Lingyun, CHEN Zhixiong, LI Weimin. Calibration on measurement of soil water content using time domain reflectometry(TDR)[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(1):59-64.
[2]胡占阳.中国水资源贫乏与水资源浪费的矛盾分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版),2013,15(1):74-77.HU Zhanyang. Conflict between water shortage and water waste in China[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Social Science Edition),2013,15(1):74-77.
[3]王学渊,赵连阁.中国农业用水效率及影响因素:基于1997—2006年省区面板数据的SFA分析[J].农业经济问题,2008(3):10-18,110.
[4]李青,陈红梅,王雅鹏.基于面板VAR模型的新疆农业用水与农业经济增长的互动效应研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(8):1 679-1 685.LI Qing,CHEN Hongmei,WANG Yapeng. The interactive effect of agricultural water and agricultural economic growth in Xinjiang[J]. Resources Science,2014,36(8):1 679-1 685.
[5]周明耀,邵孝侯.精确灌溉技术体系研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2002(2):35-37.ZHOU Mingyao,SHAO Xiaohou. Research on precision irrigation technique system[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower,2002(2):35-37.
[6]李毅杰,原保忠,别之龙,等.不同土壤水分下限对大棚滴灌甜瓜产量和品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):132-138.LI Yijie,YUAN Baozhong,BIE Zhilong,et al. Effects of drip irrigation threshold on yield and quality of muskmelon in plastic greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(6):132-138.
[7]杨海天,于婷婷,李春胜,等.基于GPRS的土壤墒情远程监测系统[J].农业工程,2016,6(1):32-36.YANG Haitian,YU Tingting,LI Chunsheng,et al. Remote monitoring system of soil moisture based on GPRS[J]. Agricultural Engineering,2016,6(1):32-36.
[8]杨卫中,王一鸣,石庆兰,等.吉林市土壤墒情监测系统开发及利用[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(S2):177-181.YANG Weizhong,WANG Yiming,SHI Qinglan,et al. Development and application of soil moisture monitor system in Jilin region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(S2):177-181.
[9]樊志平,洪添胜,刘志壮,等.柑橘园土壤墒情远程监控系统设计与实现[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):205-210.FAN Zhiping,HONG Tiansheng, LIU Zhizhuang, et al. Design and realization of remote monitoring system for soil moisture in citrus orchards[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(8):205-210.
[10]彭胜民,周修理,程雪,等.基于ARM的土壤含水率无线传输系统设计[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(S1):241-243,231.PENG Shengmin,ZHOU Xiuli,CHENG Xue,et al. Development of ARM-based wireless transmission system of soil moisture[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(S1):241-243,231.
[11]时新玲,王国栋.土壤含水量测定方法研究进展[J].中国农村水利水电,2003(10):84-86.SHI Xinlin, WANG Guodong. Research advances in measuring method of soil water content[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower,2003(10):84-86.
[12]陈家宙,陈明亮,何圆球.各具特色的当代土壤水分测量技术[J].湖北农业科学,2001(3):25-28.CHEN Jiazhou,CHEN Mingliang,HE Yuanqiu. The current multifarious technologies for soil moisture measurement[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2001(3):25-28.
[13] EVETT S R. Soil water and monitoring technology[J]. Irrigation of Agricultural Crops,Agronomy Monograph,2007(30),25-84.
[14] TOPP G C,DAVIS J L. Measurement of soil water content using time-domain reflectometry(TDR):a field evaluation[J]. Journal Soil Science Society of America,1985,49(1):19-24.
[15] PAIGE G B,KEEFER T O. Comparison of field performance of multiple soil moisture sensors in a semi-arid rangeland1[J]. Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2008,44(1):121-135.
[16] LUKANGU G,SAVAGE M J,JOHNSTON M A. Use of subhourly soil water content measured with a frequency-domain reflectometer to schedule irrigation of cabbages[J]. Irrigation Science,1999,19(1):7-13.
[17] LEIB B G,JABRO J,MATTHEWS G R. Field evaluation and performance comparison of soil moisture sensors[J]. Soil Science,2003,168(6):396-408.
[18]刘燕,赵武,郭文远,等.两种土壤水分监测仪测墒精度的比较[J].气象与环境科学,2007(S1):175-178.LIU Yan,ZHAO Wu,GUO Wenyuan,et al. Accuracy comparative analysis of two soil moisture monitor[J]. Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2007(S1):175-178.
[19]李炎,王丹.不同土壤水分测定方法的比较研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(17):9 110-9 112.LI Yan,WANG Dan. Comparative study on different determination methods of soil moisture[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(17):9 110-9 112.
[20]唐玉邦,何志刚,虞利俊,等.土壤水分传感器(FDR)在作物精准灌溉中的标定与应用[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(4):343-344.
[21] VARBLE J L. Performance evaluations and calibrations of soil water content/potential sensors for agricultural soils in eastern Colorado[D]. Colorado:Colorado State University,2011.
[22]戴宇培.土壤温湿度传感器及其数据采集系统设计[D].南京:南京林业大学,2017.DAI Yupei. Design of soil temperature and moisture sensor and its data acquisition system[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2017.
[23]张永磊,杨鹏,杨彦鑫,等.大田柑橘根区土壤温湿度数据采集系统设计与研究[J].自动化技术与应用,2017,36(4):17-20.ZHANG Yonglei,YANG Peng,YANG Yanxin,et al. Design and research on the soil temperature and humidity data acquisition system of citrus'root zone[J]. Techniques of Automation and Applications,2017,36(4):17-20.
[24]高志涛,刘卫平,赵燕东,等.多层土壤剖面复合传感器设计与性能分析[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):108-117.GAO Zhitao,LIU Weiping,ZHAO Yandong, et al. Design and performance analysis of composite sensor for multilayer soil profile[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):108-117.
[25]王新忠,刘飞,韩旭.土壤理化特性对土壤剖面水分传感器性能的影响[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(11):97-101.WANG Xinzhong,LIU Fei, HAN Xu. Influence of soil physical and chemical properties on performance of soil profile moisture sensor[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(11):97-101.
[26]郭文川,宋克鑫,张鹏,等.土壤温度和容重对频率反射土壤水分传感器测量精度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(10):136-143.GUO Wenchuan,SONG Kexin, ZHANG Peng, et al. Effects of temperature and bulk density on measurement precision of soil moisture sensor based on frequency domain reflectometry[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(10):136-143.
[27]周凌云,陈志雄,李卫民. TDR法测定土壤含水量的标定研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(1):59-64.ZHOU Lingyun, CHEN Zhixiong, LI Weimin. Calibration on measurement of soil water content using time domain reflectometry(TDR)[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(1):59-64.
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