科尔沁沙地典型草地植物功能性状及其相互关系
|
摘要
以科尔沁沙地长期封育草地的19种植物为对象,分别测定植物高度(Height)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶片干物质含量(LDMC)、碳含量(LNC)、氮含量(LNN)5个植物功能性状,比较不同生活型(一二年生植物、多年生植物)和功能型(C3植物、C4植物)植物功能性状的差异性,探讨沙地内典型草地不同植物功能性状的内在联系及其对环境的适应性。结果表明:多年生植物的LDMC极显著大于一二年生植物,且C3植物的高度显著大于C4植物;对于一二年生植物而言,C3植物的LNC显著大于C4植物;对于C4植物而言,多年生植物的LDMC和LNC显著大于一二年生植物。植物功能性状相关分析表明,SLA与LDMC极显著负相关,LNC与LNN极显著正相关。科尔沁沙地长期封育草地植物不同生活型、功能型的功能性状存在明显差异,多年生C4植物具有较强的生态适应能力。
In this study,five functional traits including the height,specific leaf area( SLA),leaf dry matter content( LDMC),leaf carbon content( LNC) and leaf nitrogen content( LNN) of 19 dominant plant species on the Horqin sandy land under enclosure were measured. The functional traits differed in two life forms( annual/biennial plants and perennial plants) and two photosynthetic pathways( C3 plants and C4 plants). The discrepancies in functional traits between different life forms and photosynthetic pathways were compared and analyzed. Furthermore,the interrelations of functional traits and the adaptabilities of the plant species to the environment in the typical grassland were discussed. The results showed that the LDMC of perennial plants was significantly higher than that of annual/biennial plants. Regarding to the perennial plants,the height of C3 plants was significantly higher than that of the C4 plants. For the annual/biennial plants,the LNC of C3 plants was significantly higher than that of the C4 plants. Relative to the C4 plants,the LDMC and LNC of the perennial plants were significantly higher than those of the annual/biennial plants. Correlation analyses showed that there was an extremely significant negative correlation between SLA and LDMC,but an extremely significant positive one between LNC and LNN. Based on the results above,following conclusions were obtained: there were the obvious discrepancies in the plant functional traits between the different life forms and the different photosynthetic pathways in the enclosure grassland ecosystem. The adaptability of perennial C4 plants to drought environment was strong.
In this study,five functional traits including the height,specific leaf area( SLA),leaf dry matter content( LDMC),leaf carbon content( LNC) and leaf nitrogen content( LNN) of 19 dominant plant species on the Horqin sandy land under enclosure were measured. The functional traits differed in two life forms( annual/biennial plants and perennial plants) and two photosynthetic pathways( C3 plants and C4 plants). The discrepancies in functional traits between different life forms and photosynthetic pathways were compared and analyzed. Furthermore,the interrelations of functional traits and the adaptabilities of the plant species to the environment in the typical grassland were discussed. The results showed that the LDMC of perennial plants was significantly higher than that of annual/biennial plants. Regarding to the perennial plants,the height of C3 plants was significantly higher than that of the C4 plants. For the annual/biennial plants,the LNC of C3 plants was significantly higher than that of the C4 plants. Relative to the C4 plants,the LDMC and LNC of the perennial plants were significantly higher than those of the annual/biennial plants. Correlation analyses showed that there was an extremely significant negative correlation between SLA and LDMC,but an extremely significant positive one between LNC and LNN. Based on the results above,following conclusions were obtained: there were the obvious discrepancies in the plant functional traits between the different life forms and the different photosynthetic pathways in the enclosure grassland ecosystem. The adaptability of perennial C4 plants to drought environment was strong.
引文
[1]Zhang G F,Zhao W Z.Species-specific traits determine shrub-annual interactions during a growing season[J].Journal of Arid Land,2015,7(3):403-413.
[2]孟婷婷,倪健,王国宏.植物功能性状与环境和生态系统功能[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(1):150-165.[Meng Tingting,Ni Jian,Wang Guohong.Plant functional traits,environments and ecosystem functioning[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2007,31(1):150-165.]
[3]Reich P B,Walters M B,Ellsworth D S.Leaf life-span in relation to leaf,plant,and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems[J].Ecological Monographs,1992,62(3):365-392.
[4]刘金环,曾德慧,Don Koo LEE.科尔沁沙地东南部地区主要植物叶片性状及其相互关系[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(8):921-925.[Liu Jinhuan,Zeng Dehui,Don Koo LEE.Leaf traits and their interrelationships of main plant species in southeast Horqin sandy land[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,25(8):921-925.]
[5]Givnish T J.1-plant stems:Biomechanical adaptation for eergy capture and influence on species distributions[J].Plant Stems,1995:3-49.
[6]Meziane D,Shipley B.Interacting determinants of specific leaf area in 22 herbaceous species:Effects of irradiance and nutrient availability[J].Plant Cell&Environment,1999,22(5):447-459.
[7]Poorter H,Jong R D.A comparison of specific leaf area,chemical composition and leaf construction cost of field plants from 15 habitats differing in productivity[J].New Phytologist,1999,143(1):163-176.
[8]Garnier E,Shipley B,Roumet C,et al.A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content[J].Functional Ecology,2001,15(5):688-695.
[9]李玉霖,崔建垣,苏永中.不同沙丘生境主要植物比叶面积和叶干物质含量的比较[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):304-311.[Li Yulin,Cui Jianyuan,Su Yongzhong.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of some plants in different dune habitats[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(2):304-311.]
[10]Wilson P J,Thompson K,Hodgson J G.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content as alternative predictors of plant strategies[J].New Phytologist,1999,143(1):155-162.
[11]尹海龙,田长彦,陈春秀,等.不同盐度施氮水平下盐地碱蓬幼苗生长及光合色素含量分析[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(5):887-893.[Yin Hailong,Tian Changyan,Chen Chunxiu,et al.Growth and photosyn thetic pigment content of Suaeda salsa seedlings under different salinity and nitrogen level[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2013,30(5):887-893.]
[12]苗艳明,吕金枝,毕润成.不同功能型植物叶氮含量与光合特性的关系研究[J].植物研究,2012,54(4):425-429.[Miao Yanming,Lv Jinzhi,Bi Runcheng.Relationships between Leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic characteristics in different plant functional types[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2012,54(4):425-429.]
[13]周欣,左小安,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地中南部34种植物叶功能性状及其相互关系[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(6):1 489-1 495.[Zhou Xin,Zuo Xiao’an,Zhao Xueyong,et al.Plant functional traits and interrelationships of 34 plant species in south central Horqin Sandy Land,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(6):1 489-1 495.]
[14]李玉霖,崔夺,陈静,等.科尔沁沙质草地优势多年生植物氮素回收效率的分异特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):688-695.[Li Yulin,Cui Duo,Chen Jing,et al.Divergence of nitrogen resorption efficiency of dominant perennial[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(3):688-695.]
[15]周欣,左小安,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地植物功能性状的尺度变异及关联[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):20-26.[Zhou Xin,Zuo Xiao’an,Zhao Xueyong,et al.Scale variation and correlation of plant functional traits in the Horqin Sandy Land,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(1):20-26.]
[16]Zuo X,Zhao X,Zhao H,et al.Scale dependent effects of environmental factors on vegetation pattern and composition in Horqin Sandy Land,Northern China[J].Geoderma,2012,173-174(1/9):1-9.
[17]Conti G,Diaz S.Plant functional diversity and carbon storage-an empirical test in semi-arid forest ecosystems[J].Journal of Ecology,2013,101(1):18-28.
[18]Jhc C,Lavorel S,Garnier E,et al.A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide[J].Australian Journal of Botany,2003,51(4):335-380.
[19]Spasojevic M J,Grace J B,Harrison S,et al.Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients[J].Journal of Ecology,2014,102(2):447-455.
[20]Shipley B,Vu T T.Dry matter content as a measure of dry matter concentration in plants and their parts[J].New Phytologist,2002,153(2):359-364.
[21]周济源,何俊洁,郭治远,等.淮北相山主要优势物种比叶面积与叶干物质量初步研究[J].淮北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,34(3):51-54.[Zhou Jiyuan,He Junjie,Guo Zhiyuan,et al.A study on specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of five dominant species in Xiangshan Mountain,Huaibei City,Anhui Province[J].Journal of Huaibei Normal University,2013,34(3):51-54.]
[22]赵新风,徐海量,张鹏,等.养分与水分添加对荒漠草地植物钠猪毛菜功能性状的影响[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(2):134-146.[Zhao Xinfeng,Xu Hailiang,Zhang Peng,et al.Influence of nutrient and water additions on functional traits of Salsola nitraria in desert grassland[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2014,38(2):134-146.]
[23]高君亮,罗凤敏,赵英铭,等.乌兰布和沙漠绿洲3种杨树比叶面积和叶干物质含量研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(1):15-20.[Gao Junliang,Luo Fengmin,Zhao Yingming,et al.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of three kinds of poplar in Ulan Buh Desert Oasis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(1):15-20.]
[24]赵红洋,李玉霖,王新源,等.科尔沁沙地52种植物叶片性状变异特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(6):1 292-1 298.[Zhao Hongyang,Li Yulin,Wang Xinyuan,et al.Variations in Leaf traits of 52 plants in Horqin Sand Land[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(6):1 292-1 298.]
[25]Navas M L,Ducout B,Roumet C,et al.Leaf Life Span,Dynamics and Construction Cost of Species from Mediterranean Old-Fields Differing in Successional Status[J].New Phytologist,2003,159(1):213-228.
[26]王凯,吴祥云,卢慧,等.阜新市主要园林树种叶片生态化学计量特征[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(2):236-241.[Wang Kai,Wu Xiangyun,Lu Hui,et al.Leaf stoichiometric properties of garden tree species in Fuxin City[J].Arid Zone Research,2013,30(2):236-241.]
[27]阎凯,付登高,何峰,等.滇池流域富磷区不同土壤磷水平下植物叶片的养分化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(4):353-361.[Yan Kai,Fu Denggao,He Feng,et al.Leaf nutrient stoichiometry of plants in the phosphorus-enriched soils of the Lake Dianchi watershed,southwestern China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 2011,35(4):353-361.]
[28]李征,韩琳,刘玉虹,等.滨海盐地碱蓬不同生长阶段叶片C、N、P化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(10):1 054-1 061.[Li Zheng,Han Lin,Liu Yuhong,et al.C,N and P stoichiometric characteristics in leaves of Suaeda salsa during different growth phase in coastal wetlands of China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(10):1 054-1 061.]
[29]张珂,何明珠,李新荣,等.阿拉善荒漠典型植物叶片碳、氮、磷化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6 538-6 547.[Zhang Ke,He Mingzhu,Li Xinrong,et al.Foliar carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of typical desert plants across the Alashan Desert[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(22):6 538-6 547.]
[30]Sood K C,Mk R.Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of Photosynthetic Pathway Variation[J].Theology Today,2003,61(2):173-186.
[31]Brad R,Gillian D,Colinp O,et al.Experimental investigation of fire ecology in the C3and C4subspecies of Alloteropsis semialata[J].Journal of Ecology,2010,98(5):1 196-1 203.
[2]孟婷婷,倪健,王国宏.植物功能性状与环境和生态系统功能[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(1):150-165.[Meng Tingting,Ni Jian,Wang Guohong.Plant functional traits,environments and ecosystem functioning[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2007,31(1):150-165.]
[3]Reich P B,Walters M B,Ellsworth D S.Leaf life-span in relation to leaf,plant,and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems[J].Ecological Monographs,1992,62(3):365-392.
[4]刘金环,曾德慧,Don Koo LEE.科尔沁沙地东南部地区主要植物叶片性状及其相互关系[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(8):921-925.[Liu Jinhuan,Zeng Dehui,Don Koo LEE.Leaf traits and their interrelationships of main plant species in southeast Horqin sandy land[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,25(8):921-925.]
[5]Givnish T J.1-plant stems:Biomechanical adaptation for eergy capture and influence on species distributions[J].Plant Stems,1995:3-49.
[6]Meziane D,Shipley B.Interacting determinants of specific leaf area in 22 herbaceous species:Effects of irradiance and nutrient availability[J].Plant Cell&Environment,1999,22(5):447-459.
[7]Poorter H,Jong R D.A comparison of specific leaf area,chemical composition and leaf construction cost of field plants from 15 habitats differing in productivity[J].New Phytologist,1999,143(1):163-176.
[8]Garnier E,Shipley B,Roumet C,et al.A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content[J].Functional Ecology,2001,15(5):688-695.
[9]李玉霖,崔建垣,苏永中.不同沙丘生境主要植物比叶面积和叶干物质含量的比较[J].生态学报,2005,25(2):304-311.[Li Yulin,Cui Jianyuan,Su Yongzhong.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of some plants in different dune habitats[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(2):304-311.]
[10]Wilson P J,Thompson K,Hodgson J G.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content as alternative predictors of plant strategies[J].New Phytologist,1999,143(1):155-162.
[11]尹海龙,田长彦,陈春秀,等.不同盐度施氮水平下盐地碱蓬幼苗生长及光合色素含量分析[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(5):887-893.[Yin Hailong,Tian Changyan,Chen Chunxiu,et al.Growth and photosyn thetic pigment content of Suaeda salsa seedlings under different salinity and nitrogen level[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2013,30(5):887-893.]
[12]苗艳明,吕金枝,毕润成.不同功能型植物叶氮含量与光合特性的关系研究[J].植物研究,2012,54(4):425-429.[Miao Yanming,Lv Jinzhi,Bi Runcheng.Relationships between Leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic characteristics in different plant functional types[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2012,54(4):425-429.]
[13]周欣,左小安,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地中南部34种植物叶功能性状及其相互关系[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(6):1 489-1 495.[Zhou Xin,Zuo Xiao’an,Zhao Xueyong,et al.Plant functional traits and interrelationships of 34 plant species in south central Horqin Sandy Land,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(6):1 489-1 495.]
[14]李玉霖,崔夺,陈静,等.科尔沁沙质草地优势多年生植物氮素回收效率的分异特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):688-695.[Li Yulin,Cui Duo,Chen Jing,et al.Divergence of nitrogen resorption efficiency of dominant perennial[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(3):688-695.]
[15]周欣,左小安,赵学勇,等.科尔沁沙地植物功能性状的尺度变异及关联[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):20-26.[Zhou Xin,Zuo Xiao’an,Zhao Xueyong,et al.Scale variation and correlation of plant functional traits in the Horqin Sandy Land,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(1):20-26.]
[16]Zuo X,Zhao X,Zhao H,et al.Scale dependent effects of environmental factors on vegetation pattern and composition in Horqin Sandy Land,Northern China[J].Geoderma,2012,173-174(1/9):1-9.
[17]Conti G,Diaz S.Plant functional diversity and carbon storage-an empirical test in semi-arid forest ecosystems[J].Journal of Ecology,2013,101(1):18-28.
[18]Jhc C,Lavorel S,Garnier E,et al.A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide[J].Australian Journal of Botany,2003,51(4):335-380.
[19]Spasojevic M J,Grace J B,Harrison S,et al.Functional diversity supports the physiological tolerance hypothesis for plant species richness along climatic gradients[J].Journal of Ecology,2014,102(2):447-455.
[20]Shipley B,Vu T T.Dry matter content as a measure of dry matter concentration in plants and their parts[J].New Phytologist,2002,153(2):359-364.
[21]周济源,何俊洁,郭治远,等.淮北相山主要优势物种比叶面积与叶干物质量初步研究[J].淮北师范大学学报:自然科学版,2013,34(3):51-54.[Zhou Jiyuan,He Junjie,Guo Zhiyuan,et al.A study on specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of five dominant species in Xiangshan Mountain,Huaibei City,Anhui Province[J].Journal of Huaibei Normal University,2013,34(3):51-54.]
[22]赵新风,徐海量,张鹏,等.养分与水分添加对荒漠草地植物钠猪毛菜功能性状的影响[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(2):134-146.[Zhao Xinfeng,Xu Hailiang,Zhang Peng,et al.Influence of nutrient and water additions on functional traits of Salsola nitraria in desert grassland[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2014,38(2):134-146.]
[23]高君亮,罗凤敏,赵英铭,等.乌兰布和沙漠绿洲3种杨树比叶面积和叶干物质含量研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(1):15-20.[Gao Junliang,Luo Fengmin,Zhao Yingming,et al.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of three kinds of poplar in Ulan Buh Desert Oasis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(1):15-20.]
[24]赵红洋,李玉霖,王新源,等.科尔沁沙地52种植物叶片性状变异特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(6):1 292-1 298.[Zhao Hongyang,Li Yulin,Wang Xinyuan,et al.Variations in Leaf traits of 52 plants in Horqin Sand Land[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(6):1 292-1 298.]
[25]Navas M L,Ducout B,Roumet C,et al.Leaf Life Span,Dynamics and Construction Cost of Species from Mediterranean Old-Fields Differing in Successional Status[J].New Phytologist,2003,159(1):213-228.
[26]王凯,吴祥云,卢慧,等.阜新市主要园林树种叶片生态化学计量特征[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(2):236-241.[Wang Kai,Wu Xiangyun,Lu Hui,et al.Leaf stoichiometric properties of garden tree species in Fuxin City[J].Arid Zone Research,2013,30(2):236-241.]
[27]阎凯,付登高,何峰,等.滇池流域富磷区不同土壤磷水平下植物叶片的养分化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(4):353-361.[Yan Kai,Fu Denggao,He Feng,et al.Leaf nutrient stoichiometry of plants in the phosphorus-enriched soils of the Lake Dianchi watershed,southwestern China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 2011,35(4):353-361.]
[28]李征,韩琳,刘玉虹,等.滨海盐地碱蓬不同生长阶段叶片C、N、P化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(10):1 054-1 061.[Li Zheng,Han Lin,Liu Yuhong,et al.C,N and P stoichiometric characteristics in leaves of Suaeda salsa during different growth phase in coastal wetlands of China[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(10):1 054-1 061.]
[29]张珂,何明珠,李新荣,等.阿拉善荒漠典型植物叶片碳、氮、磷化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6 538-6 547.[Zhang Ke,He Mingzhu,Li Xinrong,et al.Foliar carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of typical desert plants across the Alashan Desert[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(22):6 538-6 547.]
[30]Sood K C,Mk R.Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of Photosynthetic Pathway Variation[J].Theology Today,2003,61(2):173-186.
[31]Brad R,Gillian D,Colinp O,et al.Experimental investigation of fire ecology in the C3and C4subspecies of Alloteropsis semialata[J].Journal of Ecology,2010,98(5):1 196-1 203.