青藏高原草地退化过程中矮火绒草繁殖分配及叶功能性状差异
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摘要
本文研究了青藏高原高寒草甸区3个不同退化程度的草地群落结构和退化生境常见物种矮火绒草在退化草地中优势度、繁殖分配、叶表型功能性状差异。结果表明:随着退化程度加剧,土壤砾石含量、温度显著升高,土壤含水率、植物群落高度和密度显著降低(P<0.05);矮火绒草生殖株高响应不明显(P>0.05),营养株高呈先升高后降低趋势(P<0.05),生殖株的繁殖分配显著增加(P<0.05);矮火绒草单叶质量、单叶面积、比叶面积在各退化草地群落中差异不明显(P>0.05),叶厚度和叶体积显著降低(P<0.05),叶组织密度和叶长宽比升高。在退化梯度上,矮火绒草叶组织密度、叶厚度等功能性状的响应敏感性强于比叶面积。通过权衡叶表型功能性状(增加叶组织密度、降低叶厚度等)对退化生境进行反馈可以保证资源获取,并且采取增加繁殖分配的生殖策略提高物种的竞争力和保证繁衍。
This study was conducted for exploring the grassland community structure,floristic assembly mechanism and the dominance,reproductive allocation,and leaf phenotypic functional traits of Leontopodium nanum in 3 different degraded lands of alpine area of Qinghai-tibetan Plateau.The results showed with the increasing degradation level,the gravel mass ratio and the temperature increased greatly,whereas the soil water content,the community height and density decreased greatly(P<0.05); the response of plant height,leaf mass,leaf area and specific leaf area(SLA) of Leontopodium nanum showed little variance(P>0.05),whereas,the reproductive allocation increased significantly,the leaf thickness and volume decreased significantly(P<0.05),the leaf tissue density and length-width ratio increased.In terms of degradation gradient,the response sensibility of the leaf tissue density and the thickness were stronger than that of the SLA.For degradated vegetation,a trade-off among different leaf phenotypic functional traits could ensure resources access,and the strategy of enhanced reproductive allocation could improve species' competitiveness and increase their reproductive ability.
This study was conducted for exploring the grassland community structure,floristic assembly mechanism and the dominance,reproductive allocation,and leaf phenotypic functional traits of Leontopodium nanum in 3 different degraded lands of alpine area of Qinghai-tibetan Plateau.The results showed with the increasing degradation level,the gravel mass ratio and the temperature increased greatly,whereas the soil water content,the community height and density decreased greatly(P<0.05); the response of plant height,leaf mass,leaf area and specific leaf area(SLA) of Leontopodium nanum showed little variance(P>0.05),whereas,the reproductive allocation increased significantly,the leaf thickness and volume decreased significantly(P<0.05),the leaf tissue density and length-width ratio increased.In terms of degradation gradient,the response sensibility of the leaf tissue density and the thickness were stronger than that of the SLA.For degradated vegetation,a trade-off among different leaf phenotypic functional traits could ensure resources access,and the strategy of enhanced reproductive allocation could improve species' competitiveness and increase their reproductive ability.
引文
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[17]牟晓明,于应文,王先之,等.青藏高原火绒草斑块群落空间格局分析[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5306-5315.
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[22]张玉芬,张大勇.克隆植物的无性与有性繁殖对策[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(1):174-183.
[23]Craine J M,Towne E G.High leaf tissue density grassland species consistently more abundant across topographic and disturbance contrasts in a North American tallgrass prairie[J].Plant Soil,2010,337:193-203.
[24]黄利权,伍义行.火绒草及火绒草属植物研究进展[J].中兽医医药杂志,2004,23(3):24-26.
[25]李以康,林丽,张法伟,等.嵩草草甸退化和恢复过程中主要牧草演替和地表特征变化[J].草业学报,2010,19(5):179-185.
[26]王伟峰,段玉玺,李少博,等.毛乌素沙地3种典型灌木生物量分配与土壤含水量特征[J].西部林业科学,2018,47(3):45-49.
[27]刘尊驰,刘华峰,赵丹,等.紫翅猪毛菜、钠猪毛菜不同个体大小繁殖分配差异及随海拔的变化[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):5957-5965.
[28]杨亚军,王一峰,祁如林,等.青藏高原东缘小花风毛菊花期繁殖分配的海拔差异[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2018,55(1):207-213.
[29]Sultan S E.Phenotypic plasticity and the neo-Darwinian legacy[J].Evolutionary Trends in Plants,1992,6(2):61-71.
[30]龚时慧,温仲明,施宇.延河流域植物群落功能性状对环境梯度的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):6088-6097.
[2]Fassnacht F E,Li L,Fritz A.Mapping degraded grassland on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau with multi-temporal Landsat 8 data-where do the severely degraded areas occur?[J] Int.J.Appl.Earth Obs.Geoinf,2015,42:115-127.
[3]Wang G,Li Y,Wu Q, et al.Impacts of permafrost changes on alpine ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Sci.China Series D: Earth Sci.,2006,49:1156-1169.
[4]张茜,赵成章,董小刚,等.高寒退化草地不同海拔狼毒种群花大小与叶大小、叶数量的关系[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(1):40-46.
[5]李西良,侯向阳,吴新宏,等.草甸草原羊草茎叶功能性状对长期过度放牧的可塑性响应[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(5):440-451.
[6]石明明,张永超,张典业,等.高寒草甸草地微斑块植物特征及其土壤性质的研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(9):197-205.
[7]Lavorel S,Grigulis K,Lamarque P, et al.Using plant functional traits to understand the landscape distribution of multiple ecosystem services[J].Journal of Ecology,2011,99(1):135-147.
[8]刘晓娟,马克平.植物功能性状研究进展[J].中国科学:生命科学,2015,45(4):325-339.
[9]Mooney K A,Halitschke R,Kessler A, et al.Evolutionary trade-offs in plants mediate the strength of trophic cascades[J].Science,2010,327:1642-1644.
[10]Sussex L M,Kerk N M. The evolution of plant architecture[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2001,4:33-37.
[11]Cornelissen J H C,Lavorel S,Garnier E, et al.A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide[J].Australian Journal of Botany,2003,51(4):335-380.
[12]Falster ds,Westoby M.Plant height and evolutionary games[J].Trends in Ecology & Evolution,2003,18:337-343.
[13]Liu F D,Wang Z S,Zhang M.Photosynthesis in relation to leaf nitrogen seedlings and saplings in tropical montane China phosphorous and specific leaf area of rain forest of Hainan Island[J].South China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(11):4651-4661.
[14]李有涵,唐然,解新明.华南象草分株构件生长及其生物量分配的相关性[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(9):1875-1880.
[15]Lv X T,Han X G.Nutriennt resorption responses to water and nitrogen amendment in semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia,China[J].Plant and Soil,2010,325(1/2):481-491.
[16]张文辉,李红,李景侠,等.秦岭独叶草种群个体和构件生物量动态研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(4):530-534.
[17]牟晓明,于应文,王先之,等.青藏高原火绒草斑块群落空间格局分析[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5306-5315.
[18]Xue X,Guo J,Han B, et al.The effect of climate warming and permafrost thaw on desertification in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Geomorphology,2009,108:182-190.
[19]Yang Z,Gao J,Zhao L, et al.Linking thaw depth with soil moisture and plant community composition: effects of permafrost degradation on alpine ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Plant Soil ,2013,367: 687-700.
[20]Aubert S,Boucher F,Lavergne S, et al.1914-2014: A revised worldwide catalogue of cushion plants100 years after Hauri and Schr■ter[J].Alp.Botany,2014,124:59-70.
[21]He Z S,He W M,Yu F H, et al.Do clonal growth form and habitat origin affect resource-induced plasticity in Tibetan alpine herbs[J]Flora,2007,202:408-416.
[22]张玉芬,张大勇.克隆植物的无性与有性繁殖对策[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(1):174-183.
[23]Craine J M,Towne E G.High leaf tissue density grassland species consistently more abundant across topographic and disturbance contrasts in a North American tallgrass prairie[J].Plant Soil,2010,337:193-203.
[24]黄利权,伍义行.火绒草及火绒草属植物研究进展[J].中兽医医药杂志,2004,23(3):24-26.
[25]李以康,林丽,张法伟,等.嵩草草甸退化和恢复过程中主要牧草演替和地表特征变化[J].草业学报,2010,19(5):179-185.
[26]王伟峰,段玉玺,李少博,等.毛乌素沙地3种典型灌木生物量分配与土壤含水量特征[J].西部林业科学,2018,47(3):45-49.
[27]刘尊驰,刘华峰,赵丹,等.紫翅猪毛菜、钠猪毛菜不同个体大小繁殖分配差异及随海拔的变化[J].生态学报,2015,35(18):5957-5965.
[28]杨亚军,王一峰,祁如林,等.青藏高原东缘小花风毛菊花期繁殖分配的海拔差异[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2018,55(1):207-213.
[29]Sultan S E.Phenotypic plasticity and the neo-Darwinian legacy[J].Evolutionary Trends in Plants,1992,6(2):61-71.
[30]龚时慧,温仲明,施宇.延河流域植物群落功能性状对环境梯度的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):6088-6097.