KMN钢激光熔覆FeCr合金修复层组织性能及耐磨、耐蚀性研究
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摘要
KMN钢是大型离心式压缩机叶轮常用材料,服役过程中常出现磨损、腐蚀等损伤导致失效,激光熔覆技术是实现损伤叶轮修复再制造的有效手段。使用Fe Cr合金粉料通过激光熔覆技术在预置缺陷的KMN钢基体上制得修复层。通过扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)、能谱分析(Energy dispersive spectrometer,EDS)及X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)对修复层微观组织、元素分布及物相组成进行观察分析;对激光熔覆修复层显微硬度进行测试;分别对修复层和KMN钢基体进行干摩擦滑动摩擦测试,观察并分析磨痕三维形貌;测得修复层及KMN钢基体的Tafel曲线,并使用Tafel直线外推法、失重法测试修复层与基体材料的腐蚀速度。结果表明,激光熔覆修复层与基体呈良好冶金结合、无气孔裂纹等缺陷;修复层硬度是基体材料的1.8倍;耐磨性、耐蚀性得到显著提升。
KMN steel is a kind of high-strength low alloy steel which commonly used in large centrifugal compressor impeller. It is often failed in service process caused by wear, corrosion and other damage. Laser cladding is an effective means to remanufacture of failure impeller. Based on this, the Fe Cr alloy is deposited on KMN steel plate which had been preset defect by laser cladding. The microstructure, phase constitution, hardness and wear resistance of the clad layer are investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffractometer, Vickers digital micro-hardness tester, sliding wear tester and optical profiler. The Tafel curves of repaired layer and KMN substrate are measured. The etching rate is analyzed for both of them.The results show that the recovered layer is free of cracks and has a good metallurgical bonding with substrate. The laser cladding repaired coating present a great hardness, excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
KMN steel is a kind of high-strength low alloy steel which commonly used in large centrifugal compressor impeller. It is often failed in service process caused by wear, corrosion and other damage. Laser cladding is an effective means to remanufacture of failure impeller. Based on this, the Fe Cr alloy is deposited on KMN steel plate which had been preset defect by laser cladding. The microstructure, phase constitution, hardness and wear resistance of the clad layer are investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffractometer, Vickers digital micro-hardness tester, sliding wear tester and optical profiler. The Tafel curves of repaired layer and KMN substrate are measured. The etching rate is analyzed for both of them.The results show that the recovered layer is free of cracks and has a good metallurgical bonding with substrate. The laser cladding repaired coating present a great hardness, excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
引文
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[2]舒林森,曹华军,许磊,等.离心压缩机再制造叶轮结构特征三维建模方法及应用[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(3):184-190.SHUN Linsen,CAO Huajun,XU Lei,et al.3D characteristic modeling method and application for remanufactured impeller of centrifugal compressor[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(3):184-190.
[3]CONDE A,COLAGO R,VILAR R.Corrosion behaviour of steels after laser surface melting[J].Materials&Design,2000,21(5):441-445.
[4]石岩,张宏,刘双宇,等.高硬度多微孔小型零件激光表面精密熔覆钴基合金涂层提高耐冲蚀性能研究[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(2):95-101.SHI Yan,ZHANG Hong,LIU Shuangyu,et al.Improving resistance of cobalt-based alloy coating formed laser fine cladding on high-hardness and microporous small parts[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(2):95-101.
[5]赵亚凡,陈传忠.激光熔覆金属陶瓷涂层开裂的机理及防止措施[J].激光技术,2006,30(1):16-19.ZHAO Yafan,CHEN Chuanzhong.Mechanism of the deformation and preventive measures of the cracks in metal ceramics cladding layer[J].Laser Technology,2006,30(1):16-19.
[6]朱庆军,邹增大,王新洪.稀土RE对激光熔覆Fe基非晶复合涂层的影响[J].焊接学报,2008,29(2):57-60.ZHU Qingjun,ZOU Zengda,WANG Xinhong.Influence of rare earths on Fe-based amorphous composite coatings by laser cladding[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2008,29(2):57-60.
[7]周圣丰,戴晓琴,郑海忠.激光熔覆与激光-感应复合熔覆WC-Ni60A涂层的结构与性能特征[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(7):113-118.ZHOU Shengfeng,DAI Xiaoqin,ZHENG Haizhong.Characteristics on structure and properties of WC-Ni60A coatings by laser cladding and laser-induction hybrid clading[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(7):113-118.
[8]WANG C S,CHEN Y Z,LI T,et al.Composition design and laser cladding of Ni-Zr-Al alloy coating on the magnesium surface[J].Applied Surface Science,2009,256(5):1609-1613.
[9]李胜,曾晓雁,胡乾午.高硬度激光熔覆专用Fe基合金强韧化机理[J].焊接学报,2008,29(7):101-104.LI Sheng,ZENG Xiaoyan,HU Qianwu.Toughening mechanism of high hardness dedicated laser cladding Fe-based alloys[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2008,29(7):101-104.
[10]SAMPEDRO J,PEREZ I,CARCED J A.Laser claddingof Ti C for better titanium components[J].Physics Procedia,2011,12:313-322.
[11]BHADURI A K,GILL T P S,ALBERT S K,et al.Repair welding of cracked steam turbine blades using austenitic and martensitic stainless-steel consumables[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2001,206:249-259.
[12]齐盛文.大型风机叶轮修复工艺的研究和应用[J].风机技术,2004(3):32-33.QI Shengwen.Research and application on impeller repair technology for large fan[J].Compressor Blower&Fan Technology,2004(3):32-33.
[13]管新平,张嘉申,王宝才.高铬铸铁叶轮的补焊[J].现代焊接,2006,45(9):33-34.GUAN Xinping,ZHANG Jiashen,WANG Baocai.The repair welding of high-chrome cast iron impeller[J].Modern Welding Technology,2006,45(9):33-34.
[14]胡柏上,谢赐生,张鑫,等.大型风机叶轮裂纹分析及焊接修复[J].焊接技术,2009,38(2):66-68.HU Boshang,XIE Cisheng,ZHANG Xin,et al.Large fan impeller crack analysis and welding repair[J].Welding Technology,2009,38(2):66-68.
[15]顾刚.钢质叶轮表面微裂纹的电镀修复研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.GU Gang.The research of repairing micro-cracks by plating on the steel blade surface[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013.
[16]刘中原,樊建成.离心式压缩机叶轮裂纹分析及修复措施[J].风机技术,2007(5):34-39.LIU Zhongyuan,FAN Jiancheng.Crack analysis and restoration measures of centrifugal compressor impeller[J].Compressor Blower&Fan Technology,2007(5):34-39.
[17]黄薇.激光熔覆技术在空压机叶轮修复上的应用[J].化工机械,2011,38(3):355-356.HUANG Wei.Laser cladding technology application in the compressor impeller repair[J].Chemical Engineering&Machinery,2011,38(3):355-356.