钢铁工业技术转型与区位变迁
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摘要
回顾钢铁工业的技术转型历程,分析对比了长流程和短流程两种技术条件下,影响钢铁工业布局的区位因素差异及空间格局变迁。在此背景下探讨当前中国钢铁工业转型与区位变迁趋势:首先,基于中国钢铁工业建设历程,阐述了在以长流程工艺为主导的发展时期,中国钢铁生产布局从"原料指向"到"交通指向"的变化过程和现状格局。其次,根据中国钢铁统计年鉴资料,描绘2017年中国钢铁工业流程结构的空间分布特征,并分析其背后的二元结构成因。最后探讨了随着汽车等产品消费增长带来的废钢产出逐步增加,未来面向循环经济发展转型的钢铁生产区位变化趋势。结论针对当前中国钢铁工业调整现状,提出了以智能化、分布式和绿色循环经济为目标的转型之路。
The steel industry has experienced dramatic technological change in the past century, which has transformed the locational pattern of production worldwide. After a rapid growth for decades, the steel industry in China is confronting the challenge for restructuring. With a systematic review on the technological transition of steel industry, this article analyzes the various influencing factors on the locational decisions of steel firms with different processing technologies.With this background, we firstly describe the spatial shifts from resources-oriented to transportation-oriented in the location of steel industry in China, which has been dominated by the integrated process technology. Secondly, we use data from China Steel Industry Statistics to outline the distribution characteristics of processing technologies structure of steel industry in 2017 in China and explore the factors affecting the dual structure under market transition. Finally, we discuss the trend of spatial restructuring towards recycling-based steel production in future. The conclusion suggests a transition towards intelligent distributed production system with closed-loop of material flows for local consumption.
The steel industry has experienced dramatic technological change in the past century, which has transformed the locational pattern of production worldwide. After a rapid growth for decades, the steel industry in China is confronting the challenge for restructuring. With a systematic review on the technological transition of steel industry, this article analyzes the various influencing factors on the locational decisions of steel firms with different processing technologies.With this background, we firstly describe the spatial shifts from resources-oriented to transportation-oriented in the location of steel industry in China, which has been dominated by the integrated process technology. Secondly, we use data from China Steel Industry Statistics to outline the distribution characteristics of processing technologies structure of steel industry in 2017 in China and explore the factors affecting the dual structure under market transition. Finally, we discuss the trend of spatial restructuring towards recycling-based steel production in future. The conclusion suggests a transition towards intelligent distributed production system with closed-loop of material flows for local consumption.
引文
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[2]陈汉欣.新世纪我国钢铁工业的发展与布局及其愿景[J].经济地理,2006,26(8):1-4.
[3] World Steel Association. Steel Statistical Yearbook 2017[EB/OL]. https:://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:3e275c73-6f11-4e7f-a5d8-23d9bc5c508f/Steel+Statistical+Yearbook+2017_updated+version090518.pdf,2018-06-21.
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[5] Pauliuk S,Wang T,Müller D B.Steel all over the world:Estimating in-use stocks of iron for 200 countries[J]. Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2013,71(1):22-30.
[6]焦华富,韩世君,路建涛.德国鲁尔区工矿城市经济结构的转变[J].经济地理,1997,27(2):104-107.
[7]朱华晟.匹兹堡地区的产业重构[J].城市问题,2011(5):77-84.
[8]唐雪葆.英国的地区发展政策[J].世界经济,1986(5):82-86.
[9]中国钢铁工业协会.中国钢铁统计2017[M].北京:中国钢铁工业协会信息统计部,中国统计学会冶金分会,2017.
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[14]克莱顿·克里斯坦森.创新者的窘境[M].北京:中信出版社,2014.
[15]袁为鹏.聚集与扩散:中国近代工业布局[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2007.
[16]魏心镇.矿产资源区域组合类型与地域工业综合体[J].地理学报,1981(4):358-368.
[17]陆大道.我国钢铁工业发展的资源和基地布局问题[J].资源科学,1989(1):9-14.
[18]汪鹏,姜泽毅,张欣欣,等.中国钢铁工业流程结构、能耗和排放长期情景预测[J].北京科技大学学报,2014,36(12):1 683-1 693.
[19]中华人民共和国工业和信息化部.钢铁工业调整升级规划(2016—2020年)[EB/OL]. http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1652930/n3757016/c5353943/content.html.2016-10-28.
[20]中华人民共和国工业和信息化部.工信部详解2017年钢铁行业运行情况及2018年工作考虑[J].中国机电工业,2018(3):34-35.
[21] Pauliuk S,Wang T,Müller D B. Moving toward the circular economy:The role of stocks in the Chinese steel cycle[J]. Environmental science&technology,2011,46(1):148-154.
[22]兴证钢铁有色.从美国的废钢周期看我国钢铁未来[J].资源再生,2017(7):34-42.
[23]孙莹,耿心怡,汪鹏.中国钢铁资源与生产流程结构的长期预测——基于动态物质流与ARIMA-Logistic组合模型[J].资源科学,2014,36(3):632-640.
(1)区别于钢铁企业生产流程中产生的厂内废钢和工业产品生产阶段产生的加工废钢。折旧废钢的产生有一定的延时性,往往在产品投入使用以后5~30年才会变成废钢,并且需要经过收集、破碎、分选过程,才能重新进入钢铁冶炼环节。
(1)该数据不包含“地条钢”产量。由于“地条钢”生产属于违法违规活动,无相关产量数据,因此未列入官方统计中。
[2]陈汉欣.新世纪我国钢铁工业的发展与布局及其愿景[J].经济地理,2006,26(8):1-4.
[3] World Steel Association. Steel Statistical Yearbook 2017[EB/OL]. https:://www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:3e275c73-6f11-4e7f-a5d8-23d9bc5c508f/Steel+Statistical+Yearbook+2017_updated+version090518.pdf,2018-06-21.
[4] Pauliuk S,Milford R L,Müller D B,et al.The Steel Scrap Age[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(7):3 448-3 454.
[5] Pauliuk S,Wang T,Müller D B.Steel all over the world:Estimating in-use stocks of iron for 200 countries[J]. Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2013,71(1):22-30.
[6]焦华富,韩世君,路建涛.德国鲁尔区工矿城市经济结构的转变[J].经济地理,1997,27(2):104-107.
[7]朱华晟.匹兹堡地区的产业重构[J].城市问题,2011(5):77-84.
[8]唐雪葆.英国的地区发展政策[J].世界经济,1986(5):82-86.
[9]中国钢铁工业协会.中国钢铁统计2017[M].北京:中国钢铁工业协会信息统计部,中国统计学会冶金分会,2017.
[10] World Steel Association.Steel in the Circular Economy:A Life Cycle Perspective[EB/OL]. https://www. worldsteel. org/en/dam/jcr:00892d89-551e-42d9-ae68-abdbd3b507a1/Steel+in+the+circular+economy+-+A+life+cycle+perspective.pdf,2018-06-21.
[11]陆钟武.论钢铁工业的废钢资源[J].钢铁,2002,37(4):66-70.
[12] Crandall R W,Barnett S.Up from the Ashes:The Rise of the Steel Minimill in the United States[M]. Washington,DC,USA:The Brookings Institution,1986.
[13] Giarratani F,Madhavan R,Gruver G.Steel Industry Restructuring and Location[C]//Giarratani F,Hewings G,McCann P.Handbook of Economic Geography and Industry Studies. Cheltenham:Edward Elgar Publishing,2013.
[14]克莱顿·克里斯坦森.创新者的窘境[M].北京:中信出版社,2014.
[15]袁为鹏.聚集与扩散:中国近代工业布局[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2007.
[16]魏心镇.矿产资源区域组合类型与地域工业综合体[J].地理学报,1981(4):358-368.
[17]陆大道.我国钢铁工业发展的资源和基地布局问题[J].资源科学,1989(1):9-14.
[18]汪鹏,姜泽毅,张欣欣,等.中国钢铁工业流程结构、能耗和排放长期情景预测[J].北京科技大学学报,2014,36(12):1 683-1 693.
[19]中华人民共和国工业和信息化部.钢铁工业调整升级规划(2016—2020年)[EB/OL]. http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146295/n1652858/n1652930/n3757016/c5353943/content.html.2016-10-28.
[20]中华人民共和国工业和信息化部.工信部详解2017年钢铁行业运行情况及2018年工作考虑[J].中国机电工业,2018(3):34-35.
[21] Pauliuk S,Wang T,Müller D B. Moving toward the circular economy:The role of stocks in the Chinese steel cycle[J]. Environmental science&technology,2011,46(1):148-154.
[22]兴证钢铁有色.从美国的废钢周期看我国钢铁未来[J].资源再生,2017(7):34-42.
[23]孙莹,耿心怡,汪鹏.中国钢铁资源与生产流程结构的长期预测——基于动态物质流与ARIMA-Logistic组合模型[J].资源科学,2014,36(3):632-640.
(1)区别于钢铁企业生产流程中产生的厂内废钢和工业产品生产阶段产生的加工废钢。折旧废钢的产生有一定的延时性,往往在产品投入使用以后5~30年才会变成废钢,并且需要经过收集、破碎、分选过程,才能重新进入钢铁冶炼环节。
(1)该数据不包含“地条钢”产量。由于“地条钢”生产属于违法违规活动,无相关产量数据,因此未列入官方统计中。