黔中喀斯特筑坝流域水系分维估算与地貌发育特征分析
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摘要
针对喀斯特地貌发育对筑坝河流径流的影响问题,为了更经济、快捷、精确地提取水系特征,揭示地貌发育对水文特征响应的成因机制,以黔中筑坝区为研究对象,以30 m分辨率的ASTER-GDEM和1∶100万的贵州省综合地貌图为数据源,应用ArcGIS构建渔网法估算流域水系分维,探讨黔中筑坝区水系分维与地貌发育特征的关系。结果表明:(1)通过渔网法估算的北盘江、猫跳河、三岔河、南明河、蒙江、头堡河、翁吟河、鱼梁河、暗流河流域的分维值分别为1.675 6、1.595 1、1.615 1、1.595 0、1.648 9、1.280 2、1.515 1、1.621 6、1.465 1;(2)从地貌发育特征看,研究区主要发育的地貌类型为K化中山谷地、峰丛谷地,占研究区比例为66.9%。北盘江、三岔河、蒙江、鱼梁河流域地貌发育为壮年期,南明河、猫跳河、翁吟河、暗流河流域为幼年期的中晚期,头堡河流域为幼年期的早期;研究区坡度、切割深度的空间展布规律与渔网法估算分维值揭示的地貌发育阶段相一致,与实际发育地貌吻合。
In order to solve the problem of the influence of karst landform development on the runoff of dam-building rivers, the characteristics of water system are extracted by more economical, fast and accurate methods, and the mechanism of the response of geomorphological development to hydrological characteristics is revealed. This paper takes the dam construction area in the middle of the shoal as the research object, the 30 m resolution ASTER-GDEM and the 1 ∶100 000 Guizhou Province comprehensive geomorphology map as the data source, using ArcGIS to construct the fishing net method to estimate the basin water system fractal dimension. The relationship between fractal dimension and geomorphological development characteristics of the water system in the dam area. The result shows that the fractal dimension values of Beipanjiang, Maotenghe, Sanchahe, Nanminghe, Mengjiang, Diebaohe, Wengwei, Yuliang and Underflow river basins estimated by the fishing net method are 1.675 6, 1.595 1, 1.615 1, 1.595 0, 1.648 9, 1.280 2, 1.515 1, 1.621 6, 1.465 1 respectively. From the characteristics of landform development, the main types of landforms developed in the study area are the valleys and peak clusters in the K-type, accounting for 66.9% of the study area. The geomorphology of the Beipanjiang, Sanchahe, Mengjiang and Yuliang river basins is developed into a strong period. The Nanming River, the Maotiao River, the Wenghe River and the Undercurrent River Basin are in the middle and late stages of the infancy, and the Tuobao River Basin is a young year. In the early stage, the spatial distribution law of the slope and cutting depth of the study area is consistent with the developmental stage revealed by the fishnet method to estimate the fractal dimension, which is consistent with the actual development geomorphology.
In order to solve the problem of the influence of karst landform development on the runoff of dam-building rivers, the characteristics of water system are extracted by more economical, fast and accurate methods, and the mechanism of the response of geomorphological development to hydrological characteristics is revealed. This paper takes the dam construction area in the middle of the shoal as the research object, the 30 m resolution ASTER-GDEM and the 1 ∶100 000 Guizhou Province comprehensive geomorphology map as the data source, using ArcGIS to construct the fishing net method to estimate the basin water system fractal dimension. The relationship between fractal dimension and geomorphological development characteristics of the water system in the dam area. The result shows that the fractal dimension values of Beipanjiang, Maotenghe, Sanchahe, Nanminghe, Mengjiang, Diebaohe, Wengwei, Yuliang and Underflow river basins estimated by the fishing net method are 1.675 6, 1.595 1, 1.615 1, 1.595 0, 1.648 9, 1.280 2, 1.515 1, 1.621 6, 1.465 1 respectively. From the characteristics of landform development, the main types of landforms developed in the study area are the valleys and peak clusters in the K-type, accounting for 66.9% of the study area. The geomorphology of the Beipanjiang, Sanchahe, Mengjiang and Yuliang river basins is developed into a strong period. The Nanming River, the Maotiao River, the Wenghe River and the Undercurrent River Basin are in the middle and late stages of the infancy, and the Tuobao River Basin is a young year. In the early stage, the spatial distribution law of the slope and cutting depth of the study area is consistent with the developmental stage revealed by the fishnet method to estimate the fractal dimension, which is consistent with the actual development geomorphology.
引文
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[24] 钱莉莉,贺中华,梁虹,等.基于降水Z指数的贵州省农业干旱时空演化特征[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2019,37(1):10- 14.
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[2] 贺晓晖,张树君,胡志博,等.基于DEM的南水北调中线水源区水系分维估算[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2016(9):92- 95.
[3] 吕爱锋,陈嘻,王纲胜.基于DEM的流域水系分维估算方法探讨[J].干旱区地理,2002,25(4):315- 320.
[4] 江滔,武伟,刘洪斌.基于DEM的重庆长江流域水系分维估算[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(15):365- 368.
[5] 王倩,邹欣庆,朱大奎.基于GIS技术的秦淮河流域水系分维研究[J].水科学进展,2002,13(6):751- 756.
[6] 黄晶晶,张卫华,魏朝富.基于ArcGIS的丘陵山区局地水系提取及分维值估算[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(11):1- 3.
[7] 黎武,王汝兰,徐珍,等.基于DEM的延河流域河网水系分形特征研究[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(5):121- 124.
[8] 刘涓,郑畅,张卫华,等.四川盆地丘陵山区局地水系分形分维研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(3):76- 82.
[9] 郑楠炯,周买春,刘远.基于GIS的Horton水系分维值估算——以韩江流域为例[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(12):81- 85.
[10] 贺中华,梁虹,黄法苏,等.基于DEM的喀斯特流域地貌发育影响因素分析[J].测绘科学,2008,33(4):70- 72.
[11] 原晓平,刘少峰,田贵中,等.基于DEM的格尔木河流域水系分维分析[J].国土资源遥感,2013,25(1):111- 116.
[12] 丰满,张征,朱凌,等.基于DEM的滇池流域水系提取及分维值探讨[J].环境科学与技术,2010,33(12):11- 14.
[13] 曹小敏,罗明良,刘承栩.基于ASTER-GDEM的延河流域水系分维特征分析[J].遥感信息,2013,28(1):34- 37.
[14] 何隆华,赵宏.水系的分形维数及其含义[J].地理科学,1996,16(2):124- 128.
[15] 王国重,李中原,屈建钢,等.基于DEM的丹江口水库水源区水系分形特征研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(4):121- 124.
[16] 陈彦光,刘继生.水系结构的分形和分维——Horton水系定律的模型重建及其参数分析[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(2):178- 183.
[17] 张景扬,卢远,刘斌涛.基于Arc Hydro Tools的广西小流域划分研究[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(9):65- 71.
[18] 王林,陈兴伟.基于DEM的流域水系分维计算与结果分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2007,9(4):133- 134.
[19] 范林峰,胡瑞林,张小艳,等.基于GIS和DEM的水系三维分形计盒维数的计算[J].地理与地理信息科学,2012,28(6):28- 30.
[20] 严宝文,罗欢.泾、洛河水系与径流过程的分形特征及相互关系研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(7):116- 119.
[21] 杨秀春,朱晓华.中国七大流域水系与洪涝的分维及其关系研究[J].灾害学,2002,17(3):9- 13.
[22] 芮孝芳.水文学原理[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2004.
[23] 罗娅,刘莉,王青,等.应用30 m ASTER GDEM数据估算贵州县域地表河网密度的适应性[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017(6):9- 15.
[24] 钱莉莉,贺中华,梁虹,等.基于降水Z指数的贵州省农业干旱时空演化特征[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2019,37(1):10- 14.
[25] 安全,贺中华,赵翠薇,等.喀斯特分布区小比例尺地表水系提取及阈值分析——以黔中水利枢纽工程区为例[J].水利水电技术,2018,49(8):17- 26.
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