剑河县水田及旱地土壤重金属污染特征与评价
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摘要
探讨剑河县内某水田及旱地土壤中重金属对人体健康影响程度。通过对两种不同用地土壤中重金属测定值与贵州省重金属背景值进行比较,采用改进灰色聚类法对水田及旱地土壤中重金属污染进行评价,并利用健康风险评价探讨两种用地土壤中重金属对附近人群健康影响程度。结果显示,与贵州省土壤背景值相比,水田及旱地土壤中重金属存在超标现象,较为严重的分别是Pb和As。与国家标准GB 15618—1995《土壤环境质量标准》相比较,水田土壤重金属符合1级,旱地土壤重金属符合2级。水田及旱地土壤重金属对儿童威胁较大,前者总非致癌风险顺序为As>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>Zn>Cu,后者则是As>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cd。改进灰色聚类法评价的结果显示,水田土壤无明显重金属污染,旱地土壤重金属属于轻度污染。手—口途径是土壤重金属为最主要的暴露途径,儿童因土壤重金属摄入而带来的健康风险均高于成年人,应给予儿童群体更多的关注。
Effects of heavy metals in soil of paddy field and arid land in Jianhe County,Guizhou Province on human health were studied.The measured values of heavy metals in two different type soils were compared with background values of heavy metals in Guizhou Province.Pollution of heavy metals in soils from two different type lands was evaluated by modified grey clustering method.Impacts of heavy metals in soils from different type lands on health of local population were explored by health risk assessment.The results show that heavy metals in paddy field and arid land soils exceed the background values of soil in Guizhou Province,and the most severe ones are Pb and As.Compared with national standard GB 15618—1995,the heavy metals in paddy soils meet the limits of Grade 1,and that in arid soils meet Grade 2.Heavy metals in soils of paddy field and arid land are more dangerous to children.Total non-carcinogenic risk of the former is As>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>Zn>Cu,and the latter is As>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cd.The results from improved grey clustering method show that there is no obvious pollution of studied heavy metals in paddy field and heavy metal pollution in arid land is mild.Contaminated hand-mouth pathway is the most important way to expose heavy metals in soil.Children's health risk caused by heavy metals intake in soil is higher than adults,so more attention should be paid to children.
Effects of heavy metals in soil of paddy field and arid land in Jianhe County,Guizhou Province on human health were studied.The measured values of heavy metals in two different type soils were compared with background values of heavy metals in Guizhou Province.Pollution of heavy metals in soils from two different type lands was evaluated by modified grey clustering method.Impacts of heavy metals in soils from different type lands on health of local population were explored by health risk assessment.The results show that heavy metals in paddy field and arid land soils exceed the background values of soil in Guizhou Province,and the most severe ones are Pb and As.Compared with national standard GB 15618—1995,the heavy metals in paddy soils meet the limits of Grade 1,and that in arid soils meet Grade 2.Heavy metals in soils of paddy field and arid land are more dangerous to children.Total non-carcinogenic risk of the former is As>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>Zn>Cu,and the latter is As>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cd.The results from improved grey clustering method show that there is no obvious pollution of studied heavy metals in paddy field and heavy metal pollution in arid land is mild.Contaminated hand-mouth pathway is the most important way to expose heavy metals in soil.Children's health risk caused by heavy metals intake in soil is higher than adults,so more attention should be paid to children.
引文
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[2]徐魁伟,高柏,刘媛媛,等.某铀矿山及其周边地区地下水重金属健康风险评估[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2017(8):66-70.
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[10]吴先亮,黄先飞,李朝婵,等.黔西煤矿区土壤重金属污染水平及其形态研究[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(6):335-341.
[11]李玉梅,李海鹏,张连科,等.包头某铝厂周边土壤重金属污染及健康风险评价[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(1):88-96.
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[13]李志博,骆永明,宋静,等.土壤环境质量指导值与标准研究Ⅱ.污染土壤的健康风险评估[J].土壤学报,2006,43(1):142-151.
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[18]宋以龙,曾艳,杨海全,等.贵州草海沉积物重金属时空分布特征与生态风险评价[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1849-1856.
[19]袁博.外源表油菜素内酯(2,4-EBL)对镉(Cd)胁迫下番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)幼苗的缓解效应[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2018.
[20]刘桂成,董学新,张爱华,等.砷元素慢性中毒的神经损害与发砷含量观察[J].微量元素与健康研究,2000(3):23-24.
[21]李振国,余光辉,张勇,等.施肥与农田重金属累积的关联性分析-以湖南省为例[J].吉林农业月刊,2017(8):68-69.
[22]SHROTRIYA N,JOSHI J K,MUKHIYA Y K,et al.Toxicity assessment of selected heavy metals,herbicides and fertilizers in agriculture[J].International Journal of Environmental Studies,1984,22(3/4):245-248.
[23]于小俸,彭蓬,肖利红.酸性土壤重金属含量的相关分析与修复---以湖南壶瓶山自然保护区为例[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(3):1090-1093.
[24]吴先亮,黄先飞,全文选,等.黔西煤矿区周边土壤重金属形态特征、污染评价及富集植物筛选[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(5):313-321.
[25]李继宁,侯红,魏源,等.株洲市农田土壤重金属生物可给性及其人体健康风险评估[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(10):1139-1146.
[26]杨敏,滕应,任文杰,等.石门雄黄矿周边农田土壤重金属污染及健康风险评估[J].土壤,2016,48(6):1172-1178.
[2]徐魁伟,高柏,刘媛媛,等.某铀矿山及其周边地区地下水重金属健康风险评估[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2017(8):66-70.
[3]刘晓媛,刘品祯,杜启露,等.地质高背景区铅锌矿废弃地土壤重金属污染评价[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2019(2):76-82.
[4]张永康,曹耀华,高照国,等.某铜矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2018(8):74-78.
[5]党华美,赵欢,何腾兵,等.贵州不同种植年限钩藤土壤重金属的安全评价[J].中药材,2015,38(11):2257-2261.
[6]范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[7]郭绍英,林皓,谢妤,等.基于改进灰色聚类法的矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境工程,2017,35(10):146-150.
[8]窦磊,周永章,王旭日,等.针对土壤重金属污染评价的模糊数学模型的改进及应用[J].土壤通报,2007,38(1):101-105.
[9]范明毅,杨皓,黄先飞,等.典型山区燃煤型电厂周边土壤重金属形态特征及污染评价[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2425-2436.
[10]吴先亮,黄先飞,李朝婵,等.黔西煤矿区土壤重金属污染水平及其形态研究[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(6):335-341.
[11]李玉梅,李海鹏,张连科,等.包头某铝厂周边土壤重金属污染及健康风险评价[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(1):88-96.
[12]范明毅,杨皓,黄先飞,等.喀斯特山区燃煤电厂土壤重金属污染评价[J].化工环保,2016,36(3):338-344.
[13]李志博,骆永明,宋静,等.土壤环境质量指导值与标准研究Ⅱ.污染土壤的健康风险评估[J].土壤学报,2006,43(1):142-151.
[14]邱其俊,于瑞莲,胡恭任,等.闽北某新建水库周边土壤重金属生态与健康风险评价[J].地球与环境,2017,45(3):348-355.
[15]U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil Screening Levels for Super fund Sites[M].Washington,DC:Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,2002:1-106.
[16]GAILEY F A,LLOYD O L L.Grass and surface soils as monitors of atmospheric metal pollution in central Scotland[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,1985,24(1):1-18.
[17]林绍霞,张清海,郭媛,等.贵州草海沉积物重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2236-2241.
[18]宋以龙,曾艳,杨海全,等.贵州草海沉积物重金属时空分布特征与生态风险评价[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1849-1856.
[19]袁博.外源表油菜素内酯(2,4-EBL)对镉(Cd)胁迫下番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)幼苗的缓解效应[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2018.
[20]刘桂成,董学新,张爱华,等.砷元素慢性中毒的神经损害与发砷含量观察[J].微量元素与健康研究,2000(3):23-24.
[21]李振国,余光辉,张勇,等.施肥与农田重金属累积的关联性分析-以湖南省为例[J].吉林农业月刊,2017(8):68-69.
[22]SHROTRIYA N,JOSHI J K,MUKHIYA Y K,et al.Toxicity assessment of selected heavy metals,herbicides and fertilizers in agriculture[J].International Journal of Environmental Studies,1984,22(3/4):245-248.
[23]于小俸,彭蓬,肖利红.酸性土壤重金属含量的相关分析与修复---以湖南壶瓶山自然保护区为例[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(3):1090-1093.
[24]吴先亮,黄先飞,全文选,等.黔西煤矿区周边土壤重金属形态特征、污染评价及富集植物筛选[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(5):313-321.
[25]李继宁,侯红,魏源,等.株洲市农田土壤重金属生物可给性及其人体健康风险评估[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(10):1139-1146.
[26]杨敏,滕应,任文杰,等.石门雄黄矿周边农田土壤重金属污染及健康风险评估[J].土壤,2016,48(6):1172-1178.