铜川地区11.4～1.5 ka B.P.期间黄土地球化学风化特征及其古气候意义
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摘要
通过对铜川剖面黄土-古土壤地层中常量元素和微量元素的地球化学特征进行分析,结合AMS-~(14)C年代学数据,利用Na/K值、CIA(化学风化指数)、A-CN-K三角图、Bc(退碱系数)、Ki(残积系数)、Rb/Sr值和Ba/Sr值等指标,探讨了该地区11.4～1.5 ka B.P.间黄土-古土壤地层的化学风化特征及其古气候意义。结果表明:(1)Na/K、CIA和A-CN-K三角图等分析指示铜川剖面11.4～1.5 ka B.P.间黄土-古土壤地层处于初等化学风化作用阶段。(2)Bc、Ki、CIA、Rb/Sr和Ba/Sr等指标的变化趋势同黄土-古土壤地层具有很好的对应性,较好的记录了铜川地区11.4～1.5 ka B.P.间的气候变化特征,可以将该地区的气候变化划分为4个阶段:11.4～10.2 ka B.P.气候寒冷干燥;10.2～9.1 ka B.P.温度逐渐上升,气候略温偏干;9.1～4.4 ka B.P.气候温暖湿润;4.4～1.5 ka B.P.气候逐渐转为冷干。(3)元素地球化学参数记录的铜川地区全新世最适宜期为9.1～6.0 ka B.P.,并且在6.0～5.0 ka B.P.期间存在次一级的气候恶化事件。
The major and trace elements contents in loess-paleosoil strata were analyzed to characterized geochemical weathering along a profile of Tongchuan during 11.4-1.5 ka B.P. and its paleoclimatic implications were discussed in terms of chronologic dating, Na_2O/K_2O ratio, chemical index of alteration(CIA), A-CN-K diagram, return coefficient(Bc), eluvial coefficients(Ki), Rb/Sr ratio and Ba/Sr ratio. The results showed that:(1) the chemical weathering in loess-paleosoil strata of Tongchuan profile during 11.4-1.5 ka B.P. was relatively weak;(2) variation trends of Bc, Ki, CIA, Rb/Sr and Ba/Sr ratios corresponded well with the loess-paleosoil strata, which recorded climate changes well during 11.4-1.5 ka B.P. in the Tongchuan region, the major climate changes could be divided into four stages: the climate was very dry and cold during11.4-10.2 ka B.P., the climate was slightly warm and dry with temperature rising gradually during 10.2～9.1 ka B.P., the climate was warm and humid during 9.1～4.4 ka B.P., the climate turned to cold and dry gradually during 4.4-1.5 ka B.P.;(3) the Holocene optimum in Tongchuan was in 9.1-6.0 ka B.P. and a climatic event of cold fluctuation during 6.0-5.0 ka B.P. was recorded according to records of elemental geochemical parameters.
The major and trace elements contents in loess-paleosoil strata were analyzed to characterized geochemical weathering along a profile of Tongchuan during 11.4-1.5 ka B.P. and its paleoclimatic implications were discussed in terms of chronologic dating, Na_2O/K_2O ratio, chemical index of alteration(CIA), A-CN-K diagram, return coefficient(Bc), eluvial coefficients(Ki), Rb/Sr ratio and Ba/Sr ratio. The results showed that:(1) the chemical weathering in loess-paleosoil strata of Tongchuan profile during 11.4-1.5 ka B.P. was relatively weak;(2) variation trends of Bc, Ki, CIA, Rb/Sr and Ba/Sr ratios corresponded well with the loess-paleosoil strata, which recorded climate changes well during 11.4-1.5 ka B.P. in the Tongchuan region, the major climate changes could be divided into four stages: the climate was very dry and cold during11.4-10.2 ka B.P., the climate was slightly warm and dry with temperature rising gradually during 10.2～9.1 ka B.P., the climate was warm and humid during 9.1～4.4 ka B.P., the climate turned to cold and dry gradually during 4.4-1.5 ka B.P.;(3) the Holocene optimum in Tongchuan was in 9.1-6.0 ka B.P. and a climatic event of cold fluctuation during 6.0-5.0 ka B.P. was recorded according to records of elemental geochemical parameters.
引文
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[2] Jahn B M, Gallet S, Han J. Geochemistry of the Xining, Xifeng and Jixian sections, loess plateau of China: Eolian dust provenance and paleosol evolution during the last 140 ka[J]. Chemical Geology, 2001, 178(1): 71-94.
[3] Chen J, An Z, John H. Variation of Rb/Sr ratios in the loess-paleosol sequences of central China during the last 130,000 years and their implications for monsoon paleoclimatology[J]. Quaternary Research, 1999, 51(3): 215-219.
[4] 李楠, 郝青振, 张绪教, 等. 东秦岭黄土物源的常量元素和微量元素地球化学证据[J]. 第四纪研究, 2016, 36(2): 332-346.
[5] 杨帅斌, 乔彦松, 彭莎莎, 等. 青藏高原东北缘黄土的地球化学特征及其对物源和风化强度的指示意义[J]. 第四纪研究, 2017, 37(1): 1-13.
[6] Sun Y, Clemens S C, An Z, et al. Astronomical timescale and palaeoclimatic implication of stacked 3.6-Myr monsoon records from the chinese loess plateau[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2006, 25(1): 33-48.
[7] 刘安娜, 庞奖励, 黄春长, 等. 甘肃庄浪全新世黄土-古土壤序列元素分布特征及意义[J]. 地球化学, 2006,35(4): 453-458.
[8] 庞奖励, 黄春长, 刘安娜, 等. 黄土高原南部全新世黄土-古土壤序列若干元素分布特征及意义[J]. 第四纪研究, 2007, 27(3): 357-364.
[9] 黄春长, 庞奖励, 黄萍, 等. 关中盆地西部黄土台塬全新世气候事件研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2002,25(1): 10-15.
[10] 丁敏, 庞奖励, 黄春长, 等. 关中东部全新世黄土古土壤序列常量元素地球化学特性研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011,31(4): 862-867.
[11] 吴利杰, 石建省, 郭娇, 等. 沙漠/黄土过渡带杨桥畔全新世地层微量元素特征及其所揭示的古气候变化[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2015,34(2): 323-329.
[12] 贾佳, 夏敦胜, 魏海涛, 等. 耀县黄土记录的全新世东亚冬夏季风非同步演化[J]. 第四纪研究, 2009,29(5): 966-975.
[13] 贾耀锋, 庞奖励, 黄春长, 等. 关中盆地全新世黄土-土壤剖面微量元素的地球化学特征及其古气候意义[J]. 土壤通报, 2012,43(3): 513-520.
[14] 徐勤向, 党群, 庞奖励. 关中盆地东部北刘剖面全新世大暖期气候高分辨率研究[J]. 宁夏师范学院学报, 2005, 26(3): 45-49.
[15] Fedo C M, Nesbitt H W, Young G M. Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance[J]. Geology, 1995, 23(10): 921-924.
[16] Goldberg K, Humayun M. The applicability of the chemical index of alteration as a paleoclimatic indicator: An example from the permian of the Paraná Basin, Brazil[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2010, 293(1): 175-183.
[17] Qiao Y S, Zhao Z Z, Wang Y, et al. Variations of geochemical compositions and the paleoclimatic significance of a loess-soil sequence from Garzê County of western Sichuan Province, China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(24): 4697-4703.
[18] Chen J, Liu L, Junfeng J I, et al. Variations in chemical compositions of the eolian dust in chinese loess plateau over the past 2.5 Ma and chemical weathering in the asian inland[J]. Science in China, 2001, 44(5): 403-413.
[19] Liu C Q, Masuda A, Okada A, et al. A geochemical study of loess and desert sand in northern China: Implications for continental crust weathering and composition[J]. Chemical Geology, 1993, 106(3-4): 359-374.
[20] 徐树建, 倪志超, 丁新潮. 山东平阴黄土剖面常量元素地球化学特征[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2016,35(2): 353-359.
[21] 毛欣, 刘林敬, 李长安, 等. 丰宁黄土-古土壤剖面常量元素地球化学特征[J]. 地球科学, 2017(10): 1750-1759.
[22] Nesbitt Amp H W, Young G M. Early proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J]. Nature, 1982, 299(5885): 715-717.
[23] 陈骏, 季峻峰, 仇纲, 等. 陕西洛川黄土化学风化程度的地球化学研究[J]. 中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 1997(6): 531-536.
[24] 文启忠, 刁桂仪. 黄土剖面中古气候变化的地球化学记录[J]. 第四纪研究, 1995, 15(3): 223-231.
[25] 赵锦慧, 王丹, 樊宝生, 等. 延安地区黄土堆积的地球化学特征与最近13万年东亚夏季风气候的波动[J]. 地球化学, 2004, 33(5): 495-500.
[26] 李冠华, 夏敦胜, 柳加波, 等. 新疆塔城黄土沉积常量地球化学元素特征及其环境意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2013,(4): 183-191.
[27] 吴利杰, 郭娇, 徐建明, 等. 金丁剖面MIS3阶段黄土地层记录的温湿气候特征初步研究[J]. 地球与环境, 2015,43(4): 425-431.
[28] 熊平生, 刘沛林, 王鹏. 衡阳盆地红土剖面的磁化率、Rb/Sr值及其古气候指示意义[J]. 地理科学, 2018,38(2): 300-306.
[29] 陈骏, 汪永进, 季峻峰, 等. 陕西洛川黄土剖面的Rb/Sr值及其气候地层学意义[J]. 第四纪研究, 1999, 19(4): 350-356.
[30] 施雅风, 孔昭宸, 王苏民, 等. 中国全新世大暖期的气候波动与重要事件[J]. 中国科学(B辑:化学生命科学地学), 1992, 22(12): 1300-1308.
[31] 贾耀锋, 庞奖励. 关中盆地东部全新世剖面粒度组成与气候变化研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2004, 24(2): 153-155.
[32] 贾佳, 夏敦胜, 魏海涛, 等. 耀县黄土记录的全新世东亚冬夏季风非同步演化[J]. 第四纪研究, 2009,29(5): 966-975.
[33] 王琳栋, 杨太保, 梁烨, 等. 会宁地区全新世黄土沉积粒度特征及其古气候意义[J]. 干旱区研究, 2016,33(6): 1150-1156.
[34] 赵国永, 刘秀铭, 吕镔, 等. 全新世黄土记录的古气候演化及磁化率和粒度参数灵敏性探讨[J]. 第四纪研究, 2012, 32(4): 777-784.
[35] 杨肖肖, 孔昭宸, 姜文英, 等. 末次盛冰期以来渭源黄土剖面的孢粉记录[J]. 地球环境学报, 2012,(2): 819-825.
[2] Jahn B M, Gallet S, Han J. Geochemistry of the Xining, Xifeng and Jixian sections, loess plateau of China: Eolian dust provenance and paleosol evolution during the last 140 ka[J]. Chemical Geology, 2001, 178(1): 71-94.
[3] Chen J, An Z, John H. Variation of Rb/Sr ratios in the loess-paleosol sequences of central China during the last 130,000 years and their implications for monsoon paleoclimatology[J]. Quaternary Research, 1999, 51(3): 215-219.
[4] 李楠, 郝青振, 张绪教, 等. 东秦岭黄土物源的常量元素和微量元素地球化学证据[J]. 第四纪研究, 2016, 36(2): 332-346.
[5] 杨帅斌, 乔彦松, 彭莎莎, 等. 青藏高原东北缘黄土的地球化学特征及其对物源和风化强度的指示意义[J]. 第四纪研究, 2017, 37(1): 1-13.
[6] Sun Y, Clemens S C, An Z, et al. Astronomical timescale and palaeoclimatic implication of stacked 3.6-Myr monsoon records from the chinese loess plateau[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews, 2006, 25(1): 33-48.
[7] 刘安娜, 庞奖励, 黄春长, 等. 甘肃庄浪全新世黄土-古土壤序列元素分布特征及意义[J]. 地球化学, 2006,35(4): 453-458.
[8] 庞奖励, 黄春长, 刘安娜, 等. 黄土高原南部全新世黄土-古土壤序列若干元素分布特征及意义[J]. 第四纪研究, 2007, 27(3): 357-364.
[9] 黄春长, 庞奖励, 黄萍, 等. 关中盆地西部黄土台塬全新世气候事件研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2002,25(1): 10-15.
[10] 丁敏, 庞奖励, 黄春长, 等. 关中东部全新世黄土古土壤序列常量元素地球化学特性研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011,31(4): 862-867.
[11] 吴利杰, 石建省, 郭娇, 等. 沙漠/黄土过渡带杨桥畔全新世地层微量元素特征及其所揭示的古气候变化[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2015,34(2): 323-329.
[12] 贾佳, 夏敦胜, 魏海涛, 等. 耀县黄土记录的全新世东亚冬夏季风非同步演化[J]. 第四纪研究, 2009,29(5): 966-975.
[13] 贾耀锋, 庞奖励, 黄春长, 等. 关中盆地全新世黄土-土壤剖面微量元素的地球化学特征及其古气候意义[J]. 土壤通报, 2012,43(3): 513-520.
[14] 徐勤向, 党群, 庞奖励. 关中盆地东部北刘剖面全新世大暖期气候高分辨率研究[J]. 宁夏师范学院学报, 2005, 26(3): 45-49.
[15] Fedo C M, Nesbitt H W, Young G M. Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance[J]. Geology, 1995, 23(10): 921-924.
[16] Goldberg K, Humayun M. The applicability of the chemical index of alteration as a paleoclimatic indicator: An example from the permian of the Paraná Basin, Brazil[J]. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2010, 293(1): 175-183.
[17] Qiao Y S, Zhao Z Z, Wang Y, et al. Variations of geochemical compositions and the paleoclimatic significance of a loess-soil sequence from Garzê County of western Sichuan Province, China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2009, 54(24): 4697-4703.
[18] Chen J, Liu L, Junfeng J I, et al. Variations in chemical compositions of the eolian dust in chinese loess plateau over the past 2.5 Ma and chemical weathering in the asian inland[J]. Science in China, 2001, 44(5): 403-413.
[19] Liu C Q, Masuda A, Okada A, et al. A geochemical study of loess and desert sand in northern China: Implications for continental crust weathering and composition[J]. Chemical Geology, 1993, 106(3-4): 359-374.
[20] 徐树建, 倪志超, 丁新潮. 山东平阴黄土剖面常量元素地球化学特征[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2016,35(2): 353-359.
[21] 毛欣, 刘林敬, 李长安, 等. 丰宁黄土-古土壤剖面常量元素地球化学特征[J]. 地球科学, 2017(10): 1750-1759.
[22] Nesbitt Amp H W, Young G M. Early proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J]. Nature, 1982, 299(5885): 715-717.
[23] 陈骏, 季峻峰, 仇纲, 等. 陕西洛川黄土化学风化程度的地球化学研究[J]. 中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 1997(6): 531-536.
[24] 文启忠, 刁桂仪. 黄土剖面中古气候变化的地球化学记录[J]. 第四纪研究, 1995, 15(3): 223-231.
[25] 赵锦慧, 王丹, 樊宝生, 等. 延安地区黄土堆积的地球化学特征与最近13万年东亚夏季风气候的波动[J]. 地球化学, 2004, 33(5): 495-500.
[26] 李冠华, 夏敦胜, 柳加波, 等. 新疆塔城黄土沉积常量地球化学元素特征及其环境意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2013,(4): 183-191.
[27] 吴利杰, 郭娇, 徐建明, 等. 金丁剖面MIS3阶段黄土地层记录的温湿气候特征初步研究[J]. 地球与环境, 2015,43(4): 425-431.
[28] 熊平生, 刘沛林, 王鹏. 衡阳盆地红土剖面的磁化率、Rb/Sr值及其古气候指示意义[J]. 地理科学, 2018,38(2): 300-306.
[29] 陈骏, 汪永进, 季峻峰, 等. 陕西洛川黄土剖面的Rb/Sr值及其气候地层学意义[J]. 第四纪研究, 1999, 19(4): 350-356.
[30] 施雅风, 孔昭宸, 王苏民, 等. 中国全新世大暖期的气候波动与重要事件[J]. 中国科学(B辑:化学生命科学地学), 1992, 22(12): 1300-1308.
[31] 贾耀锋, 庞奖励. 关中盆地东部全新世剖面粒度组成与气候变化研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2004, 24(2): 153-155.
[32] 贾佳, 夏敦胜, 魏海涛, 等. 耀县黄土记录的全新世东亚冬夏季风非同步演化[J]. 第四纪研究, 2009,29(5): 966-975.
[33] 王琳栋, 杨太保, 梁烨, 等. 会宁地区全新世黄土沉积粒度特征及其古气候意义[J]. 干旱区研究, 2016,33(6): 1150-1156.
[34] 赵国永, 刘秀铭, 吕镔, 等. 全新世黄土记录的古气候演化及磁化率和粒度参数灵敏性探讨[J]. 第四纪研究, 2012, 32(4): 777-784.
[35] 杨肖肖, 孔昭宸, 姜文英, 等. 末次盛冰期以来渭源黄土剖面的孢粉记录[J]. 地球环境学报, 2012,(2): 819-825.