地聚合物的制备及其在性能增强方面的研究进展
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摘要
地聚合物是一种已被人们普遍接受的极有利于节能减排的新型胶凝材料,它同时具备有机高分子材料、陶瓷材料和水泥材料的优异性能,并且可以通过硅铝质材料与激发剂在低温下作用制备而成,制备过程简单易行,因此成为近年来国际上新型胶凝材料领域的研究热点。本文综述了近年来国内外研究者在地聚合物制备过程中涉及到的硅铝原料的选择、激发剂的选择和成型方式方面的主要研究进展,阐述了增强地聚合物性能的主要方式,并对地聚合物在制备技术和性能增强方面的研究进行了展望。
Geopolymer has been widely seen as a new kind of cementing material which is very favorable for energy conservation and emission reduction. It possesses excellent properties of organic polymer materials,ceramic materials and cement materials at the same time. Besides,it can be prepared by reacting aluminosilicate raw material with activator at low temperatures. The preparation process is simple and feasible. Hence,it has become an international research hotspot in new type cementing material field in recent years. In this paper,the main research progress of several aspects( i. e. the choice of aluminosilicate raw material,the choice of activator,molding methods) involved in the preparation process of geopolymer in recent years are reviewed; The main ways to enhance to performance of geopolymer are also elaborated. Finally,the research on the preparation methods and performance enhancement of geopolymer are expected.
Geopolymer has been widely seen as a new kind of cementing material which is very favorable for energy conservation and emission reduction. It possesses excellent properties of organic polymer materials,ceramic materials and cement materials at the same time. Besides,it can be prepared by reacting aluminosilicate raw material with activator at low temperatures. The preparation process is simple and feasible. Hence,it has become an international research hotspot in new type cementing material field in recent years. In this paper,the main research progress of several aspects( i. e. the choice of aluminosilicate raw material,the choice of activator,molding methods) involved in the preparation process of geopolymer in recent years are reviewed; The main ways to enhance to performance of geopolymer are also elaborated. Finally,the research on the preparation methods and performance enhancement of geopolymer are expected.
引文
[1]Habert G,Espinose de Lacaillerie J B,Roussel N.An environmental evaluation of geopolymer based concrete production:reviewing currentresearch trends[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2011,19:1229-1238.
[2]Davidovits J.Minerals polymers and methods of making them[P].US Patent,1982,4349386.
[3]Xu H,Shen L F,Wang W,et al.Synthesis of thermostable geopolymer from circulating fluidized bed combustion(CFBC)bottom ashes[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,175:198-204.
[4]Bakharev T.Durability of geopolymer materials in sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2005,35:1233-1246.
[5]Lancellotti I,Cannio M,Bollino F,et al.Geopolymers:An option for the valorization of incinerator bottom ash derived“end of waste”[J].Ceramics International,2015,41:2116-2123.
[6]O’Connor S J,Mac Kenzie K J D.A new hydroxide-based synthesis method for inorganic polymers[J].Journal of Materials Science,2010,45:3284-3288.
[7]Tchakoute H K,Elimbi A,Yanne E,et al.Utilization of volcanic ashes for the production of geopolymers cured at ambient temperature[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2013,38:75-81.
[8]郑广俭.无定形Al2O3-2Si O2粉体制备及地质聚合反应机理研究[D].南宁:广西大学学位论文,2011.
[9]施惠生,夏明,郭晓潞.粉煤灰基地聚合物反应机理及各组分作用的研究进展[J].硅酸盐学报,2013,41(7):972-980.
[10]He J,Jie Y X,Zhang J H,et al.Synthesis and characterization of red mud and rice husk ash-based geopolymer composites[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2013,37:108-118.
[11]Bouzón N,PayáJ,Borrachero M V,et al.Refluxed rice husk ash/Na OH suspension for preparing alkali activated binders[J].Materials Letters,2014,115:72-74.
[12]Chen J H,Huang J S,Chang Y W.A preliminary study of reservoir sludge as raw material of inorganic polymers[J].Construction and Building Materials,2009,23:3264-3269.
[13]周梅,赵华民,路其林,等.热活化煤矸石-矿渣-粉煤灰地聚合物的性能研究[J].非金属矿,2014,37(5):4-7.
[14]Jiao X K,Zhang Y M,Chen T J,et al.Geopolymerisation of a silica-rich tailing[J].Minerals Engineering,2011,24:1710-1712.
[15]焦向科.石煤提钒尾矿地聚物胶凝材料的制备、表征及其性能研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学学位论文,2012.
[16]焦向科,张一敏.不同铝校正料作用下低活性高硅尾矿基矿物聚合材料的热稳定性[J].硅酸盐通报,2014,33(10):2648-2655.
[17]焦向科,张一敏.低活性铝硅质尾矿基矿物聚合材料的抗化学侵蚀性能研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2014,33(12):3097-3102.
[18]徐中惠,吴丹丹,王海龙,等.碱熔融活化固硫灰制备地聚合物[J].化工环保,2014,34(6):548-551.
[19]Xu H,Li Q,Shen L F,et al.Low-reactive ciuculating fluidized bed combustion(CFBC)fly ashes as source material for geopolymer synthesis[J].Waste Management,2010,30:57-62.
[20]Li Q,Xu H,Li F H,et al.Synthesis of geopolymer composites from blends of CFBC fly and bottom ashes[J].Fuel,2012,97:366-372.
[21]Xu H,Shen L F,Wang W,et al.Synthesis of thermostable geopolymer from circulating fluidized bed combustion(CFBC)bottom ashes[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,175:198-204.
[22]Zheng G J,Cui X M,Zhang W P,et al.Preparation of geopolymer precursors by sol-gel method and their characterization[J].Journal of Materials Science,2009,44:3991-3996.
[23]O’Connor S J,Mac Kenzie K J D,Smith M E,et al.Ion exchange in the charge-balancing sites of aluminosilicate inorganic polymers[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2010,20:10234-10240.
[24]Bell J L,Sarin P,Provis J L,et al.Atomic structure of a cesium aluminosilicate geopolymer:a pair distribution function study[J].Chemistry of Materials,2008,20:4768-4776.
[25]Bell J L,Sarin P,Driemeyer P E,et al.X-Ray distribution function analysis of a metakaolin-based,KAl Si2O6·5.5H2O inorganic polymer(geopolymer)[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2008,18:5974-5981.
[26]Mac Kenzie K J D,Smith M E,Wong A.A multinuclear MAS-NMR study of calcium-containing aluminosilicate inorganic polymers[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2007,17:5090-5096.
[27]Sun P J.Fly ash based inorganic polymeric building material[D].Michigan:Wayne State University,2005.
[28]Barbosa V F F,Mac Kenzie K J D.Synthesis and thermal behavior of potassium sialate geopolymers[J].Materials Letters,2003,57:1477-1482.
[29]Zhang J,Provis J L,Feng D,et al.Geopolymers for immobilization of Cr6+,Cd2+,and Pb2+[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,157:587-598.
[30]曹德光,苏达根,路波,等.偏高岭石-磷酸基矿物聚合材料的制备与结构特征[J].硅酸盐学报,2005,33(11):1385-1389.
[31]Liu L P,Cui X M,Qiu S H,et al.Preparation of phosphoric acid-based porous geopolymers[J].Applied Clay Science,2010,50:600-603.
[32]Cui X M,Liu L P,He Y,et al.A novel aluminosilicate geopolymer material with low dielectric loss[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2011,130:1-4.
[33]Liu L P,Cui X M,He Y,et al.The phase evolution of phosphoric acid-based geopolymers at elevated temperatures[J].Materials Letters,2012,66:10-12.
[34]Hanen D,Soumaya L,Samir B,et al.Structural,thermal and dielectric properties of phosphoric acid-based geopolymers with different amounts of H3PO4[J].Materials Letters,2014,116:9-12.
[35]Louati S,Hajjaji W,Baklouti S,et al.Structure and properties of new eco-material obtained by phosphoric acid attack of natural Tunisian clay[J].Applied Clay Science,2014,101:60-67.
[36]Magdalena L G,Marcello R,Simone P,et al.Inorganic polymers from laterite using activation with phosphoric acid and alkaline sodium silicate solution:mechanical and microstructural properties[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2015,67:259-270.
[37]王鸿灵,李海红,阎逢元.一种铝硅酸盐矿物聚合物材料的制备[P].CN1634795A,2005.
[38]Ivica V,Balkovic S,Drabik M.Properties of metakaolin geopolymer hardened paste prepared by high-pressure compaction[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25(5):2206-2213.
[39]Feng D,Tan H,van Deventer J S J.Ultrasound enhanced geopolymerisation[J].Journal of Materials Science,2004,39:571-580.
[40]Hajimohammadi A,Provis J L,Van Deventer J S J.One-part geopolymer mixes from geothermal silica and sodium aluminate[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2008,47:9396-9405.
[41]Kolou ek D,Brus J,Urbanova M,et al.Preparation,structure and hydrothermal stability of alternative(sodium silicate-free)geopolymers[J].Journal of Materials Science,2007,42:9267-9275.
[42]Yang K H,Song J K,Ashour A F,et al.Properties of cementless mortars activated by sodium silicate[J].Construction and Building Materials,2008,22:1981-1989.
[43]刘乐平,谭华,邓家喜,等.矿渣基地质聚合物干粉材料的性能与反应机理[J].武汉理工大学学报,2014,36(6):36-40.
[44]Temuujin J,Williams R P,Van Riessen A.Effect of mechanical activation of fly ash on the properties of geopolymer cured at ambient temperature[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2009,209:5276-5280.
[45]Zhang Y S,Sun W,Li Z J.Composition design and microstructural characterization of calcined kaolin-based geopolymer cement[J].Applied Clay Science,2010,47:271-275.
[46]Rashad A M,Zeedan S R.The effect of activator concentration on the residual strength of alkali-activated fly ash pastes subjected to thermal load[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25:3098-3107.
[47]Luo X,Xu J Y,Li W M,et al.Effect of alkali-activator types on the dynamic compressive deformation behavior of geopolymer concrete[J].Materials Letters,2014,124:310-312.
[48]贺孝一,陈胡星.养护条件对碱-矿渣-偏高岭土复合胶凝材料强度的影响[J].材料科学与工程学报,2007,25(4):541-544.
[49]朱强,卢都友,许涛,等.含白云石微粉粉煤灰基地质聚合物的力学性能及微观结构[J].硅酸盐学报,2011,(4):138-144.
[50]郭连杰,吴勇生,李如燕,等.铸造旧砂热法再生粉尘-粉煤灰基地质聚合物材料性能研究[J].铸造,2013,(09):85-89.
[51]谢子令,李显.养护温度及时间对粉煤灰基地质聚合物混凝土强度发展的影响[J].混凝土,2014,6:55-58.
[52]Adam A A,Horianto.The effect of temperature and duration of curing on the strength of fly ash based geopolymer mortar[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,95:410-414.
[53]Yip C K,Lukey G C,Provis J L,et al.Effect of calcium silicate sources on geopolymerisation[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2008,38:554-564.
[54]Yip C K,Provis J L,Lukey G C,et al.Carbonate mineral addition to metakaolin-based geopolymers[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2008,30:979-985.
[55]Hu M Y,Zhu X M,Long F M.Alkali-activated fly ash-based geopolymers with zeolite or bentonite as additives[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2009,31:762-768.
[56]刘礼才,张耀君,徐德龙,等.有机高分子对高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物力学性能的影响[J].化工新型材料,2012,(10):68-70.
[57]金漫彤,陈林伟.添加剂对飞灰基地聚合物固化体性能的影响[J].浙江工业大学学报,2014,42(1):6-10.
[58]Tanakorn P,Prinya C,Vanchai S,et al.The effect of adding nano-Si O2and nano-Al2O3on properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature[J].Materials and Design,2014,55:58-65.
[2]Davidovits J.Minerals polymers and methods of making them[P].US Patent,1982,4349386.
[3]Xu H,Shen L F,Wang W,et al.Synthesis of thermostable geopolymer from circulating fluidized bed combustion(CFBC)bottom ashes[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,175:198-204.
[4]Bakharev T.Durability of geopolymer materials in sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2005,35:1233-1246.
[5]Lancellotti I,Cannio M,Bollino F,et al.Geopolymers:An option for the valorization of incinerator bottom ash derived“end of waste”[J].Ceramics International,2015,41:2116-2123.
[6]O’Connor S J,Mac Kenzie K J D.A new hydroxide-based synthesis method for inorganic polymers[J].Journal of Materials Science,2010,45:3284-3288.
[7]Tchakoute H K,Elimbi A,Yanne E,et al.Utilization of volcanic ashes for the production of geopolymers cured at ambient temperature[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2013,38:75-81.
[8]郑广俭.无定形Al2O3-2Si O2粉体制备及地质聚合反应机理研究[D].南宁:广西大学学位论文,2011.
[9]施惠生,夏明,郭晓潞.粉煤灰基地聚合物反应机理及各组分作用的研究进展[J].硅酸盐学报,2013,41(7):972-980.
[10]He J,Jie Y X,Zhang J H,et al.Synthesis and characterization of red mud and rice husk ash-based geopolymer composites[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2013,37:108-118.
[11]Bouzón N,PayáJ,Borrachero M V,et al.Refluxed rice husk ash/Na OH suspension for preparing alkali activated binders[J].Materials Letters,2014,115:72-74.
[12]Chen J H,Huang J S,Chang Y W.A preliminary study of reservoir sludge as raw material of inorganic polymers[J].Construction and Building Materials,2009,23:3264-3269.
[13]周梅,赵华民,路其林,等.热活化煤矸石-矿渣-粉煤灰地聚合物的性能研究[J].非金属矿,2014,37(5):4-7.
[14]Jiao X K,Zhang Y M,Chen T J,et al.Geopolymerisation of a silica-rich tailing[J].Minerals Engineering,2011,24:1710-1712.
[15]焦向科.石煤提钒尾矿地聚物胶凝材料的制备、表征及其性能研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学学位论文,2012.
[16]焦向科,张一敏.不同铝校正料作用下低活性高硅尾矿基矿物聚合材料的热稳定性[J].硅酸盐通报,2014,33(10):2648-2655.
[17]焦向科,张一敏.低活性铝硅质尾矿基矿物聚合材料的抗化学侵蚀性能研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2014,33(12):3097-3102.
[18]徐中惠,吴丹丹,王海龙,等.碱熔融活化固硫灰制备地聚合物[J].化工环保,2014,34(6):548-551.
[19]Xu H,Li Q,Shen L F,et al.Low-reactive ciuculating fluidized bed combustion(CFBC)fly ashes as source material for geopolymer synthesis[J].Waste Management,2010,30:57-62.
[20]Li Q,Xu H,Li F H,et al.Synthesis of geopolymer composites from blends of CFBC fly and bottom ashes[J].Fuel,2012,97:366-372.
[21]Xu H,Shen L F,Wang W,et al.Synthesis of thermostable geopolymer from circulating fluidized bed combustion(CFBC)bottom ashes[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,175:198-204.
[22]Zheng G J,Cui X M,Zhang W P,et al.Preparation of geopolymer precursors by sol-gel method and their characterization[J].Journal of Materials Science,2009,44:3991-3996.
[23]O’Connor S J,Mac Kenzie K J D,Smith M E,et al.Ion exchange in the charge-balancing sites of aluminosilicate inorganic polymers[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2010,20:10234-10240.
[24]Bell J L,Sarin P,Provis J L,et al.Atomic structure of a cesium aluminosilicate geopolymer:a pair distribution function study[J].Chemistry of Materials,2008,20:4768-4776.
[25]Bell J L,Sarin P,Driemeyer P E,et al.X-Ray distribution function analysis of a metakaolin-based,KAl Si2O6·5.5H2O inorganic polymer(geopolymer)[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2008,18:5974-5981.
[26]Mac Kenzie K J D,Smith M E,Wong A.A multinuclear MAS-NMR study of calcium-containing aluminosilicate inorganic polymers[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2007,17:5090-5096.
[27]Sun P J.Fly ash based inorganic polymeric building material[D].Michigan:Wayne State University,2005.
[28]Barbosa V F F,Mac Kenzie K J D.Synthesis and thermal behavior of potassium sialate geopolymers[J].Materials Letters,2003,57:1477-1482.
[29]Zhang J,Provis J L,Feng D,et al.Geopolymers for immobilization of Cr6+,Cd2+,and Pb2+[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,157:587-598.
[30]曹德光,苏达根,路波,等.偏高岭石-磷酸基矿物聚合材料的制备与结构特征[J].硅酸盐学报,2005,33(11):1385-1389.
[31]Liu L P,Cui X M,Qiu S H,et al.Preparation of phosphoric acid-based porous geopolymers[J].Applied Clay Science,2010,50:600-603.
[32]Cui X M,Liu L P,He Y,et al.A novel aluminosilicate geopolymer material with low dielectric loss[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2011,130:1-4.
[33]Liu L P,Cui X M,He Y,et al.The phase evolution of phosphoric acid-based geopolymers at elevated temperatures[J].Materials Letters,2012,66:10-12.
[34]Hanen D,Soumaya L,Samir B,et al.Structural,thermal and dielectric properties of phosphoric acid-based geopolymers with different amounts of H3PO4[J].Materials Letters,2014,116:9-12.
[35]Louati S,Hajjaji W,Baklouti S,et al.Structure and properties of new eco-material obtained by phosphoric acid attack of natural Tunisian clay[J].Applied Clay Science,2014,101:60-67.
[36]Magdalena L G,Marcello R,Simone P,et al.Inorganic polymers from laterite using activation with phosphoric acid and alkaline sodium silicate solution:mechanical and microstructural properties[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2015,67:259-270.
[37]王鸿灵,李海红,阎逢元.一种铝硅酸盐矿物聚合物材料的制备[P].CN1634795A,2005.
[38]Ivica V,Balkovic S,Drabik M.Properties of metakaolin geopolymer hardened paste prepared by high-pressure compaction[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25(5):2206-2213.
[39]Feng D,Tan H,van Deventer J S J.Ultrasound enhanced geopolymerisation[J].Journal of Materials Science,2004,39:571-580.
[40]Hajimohammadi A,Provis J L,Van Deventer J S J.One-part geopolymer mixes from geothermal silica and sodium aluminate[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2008,47:9396-9405.
[41]Kolou ek D,Brus J,Urbanova M,et al.Preparation,structure and hydrothermal stability of alternative(sodium silicate-free)geopolymers[J].Journal of Materials Science,2007,42:9267-9275.
[42]Yang K H,Song J K,Ashour A F,et al.Properties of cementless mortars activated by sodium silicate[J].Construction and Building Materials,2008,22:1981-1989.
[43]刘乐平,谭华,邓家喜,等.矿渣基地质聚合物干粉材料的性能与反应机理[J].武汉理工大学学报,2014,36(6):36-40.
[44]Temuujin J,Williams R P,Van Riessen A.Effect of mechanical activation of fly ash on the properties of geopolymer cured at ambient temperature[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2009,209:5276-5280.
[45]Zhang Y S,Sun W,Li Z J.Composition design and microstructural characterization of calcined kaolin-based geopolymer cement[J].Applied Clay Science,2010,47:271-275.
[46]Rashad A M,Zeedan S R.The effect of activator concentration on the residual strength of alkali-activated fly ash pastes subjected to thermal load[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25:3098-3107.
[47]Luo X,Xu J Y,Li W M,et al.Effect of alkali-activator types on the dynamic compressive deformation behavior of geopolymer concrete[J].Materials Letters,2014,124:310-312.
[48]贺孝一,陈胡星.养护条件对碱-矿渣-偏高岭土复合胶凝材料强度的影响[J].材料科学与工程学报,2007,25(4):541-544.
[49]朱强,卢都友,许涛,等.含白云石微粉粉煤灰基地质聚合物的力学性能及微观结构[J].硅酸盐学报,2011,(4):138-144.
[50]郭连杰,吴勇生,李如燕,等.铸造旧砂热法再生粉尘-粉煤灰基地质聚合物材料性能研究[J].铸造,2013,(09):85-89.
[51]谢子令,李显.养护温度及时间对粉煤灰基地质聚合物混凝土强度发展的影响[J].混凝土,2014,6:55-58.
[52]Adam A A,Horianto.The effect of temperature and duration of curing on the strength of fly ash based geopolymer mortar[J].Procedia Engineering,2014,95:410-414.
[53]Yip C K,Lukey G C,Provis J L,et al.Effect of calcium silicate sources on geopolymerisation[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2008,38:554-564.
[54]Yip C K,Provis J L,Lukey G C,et al.Carbonate mineral addition to metakaolin-based geopolymers[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2008,30:979-985.
[55]Hu M Y,Zhu X M,Long F M.Alkali-activated fly ash-based geopolymers with zeolite or bentonite as additives[J].Cement&Concrete Composites,2009,31:762-768.
[56]刘礼才,张耀君,徐德龙,等.有机高分子对高岭土-矿渣基地质聚合物力学性能的影响[J].化工新型材料,2012,(10):68-70.
[57]金漫彤,陈林伟.添加剂对飞灰基地聚合物固化体性能的影响[J].浙江工业大学学报,2014,42(1):6-10.
[58]Tanakorn P,Prinya C,Vanchai S,et al.The effect of adding nano-Si O2and nano-Al2O3on properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature[J].Materials and Design,2014,55:58-65.
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