三价铬对生长育肥猪生产性能和机体代谢的影响
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摘要
为观察三价铬(Cr~(3+))对生长育肥猪生产性能以及机体葡萄糖、蛋白质和脂质代谢的影响。48只杜×长×大三元杂交猪[体重(24.42±2.36)kg]随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组12只,Cr~(3+)(甲基吡啶酸铬)添加量分别为0,0.4,0.8,1.6 mg/kg,试验期60 d。结果表明:0.4 mg/kg Cr~(3+)显著提高了31~60 d平均日增重、血浆胰高血糖素和白蛋白含量(P<0.05)以及胰岛素作用指数(P<0.01),降低了胰岛素和游离脂肪酸水平(P<0.05);0.8 mg/kg Cr~(3+)显著提高了葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量(P<0.05);1.6 mg/kg Cr~(3+)显著降低了血浆肌酐水平(P<0.05);并且0.4 mg/kg处理组总蛋白含量显著高于1.6 mg/kg处理组(P<0.05),甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸含量显著低于0.8 mg/kg处理组(P<0.05)。综合Cr~(3+)对生产性能及机体代谢的影响,生长育肥猪日粮中Cr3+建议添加量为0.4 mg/kg。
The objective of this study was to observe the effects of trivalent chromium( Cr~(3+)) on performance and body glucose,protein and lipid metabolism of growing-finishing pigs. Forty-eight crossbred pigs [Duroc×Landrace ×Large White,( 24. 42±2. 36) kg]were randomly divided into 4 treatments,12 per treatment,and Cr~(3+)( chromium picolinate) additive levels were 0,0. 4,0. 8 and1. 6 mg / kg·DM,respectively. The whole trial period was 60 days. 0. 4 mg / kg Cr~(3+)improved 31-60 d average daily gain,plasma glucagon and albumin content( P<0. 05) and insulin action index( P<0. 01),and decreased insulin and free fatty acids levels( P<0. 05); 0. 8 mg /kg Cr~(3+)increased glucose and triglyceride content( P<0. 05); 1. 6 mg / kg Cr~(3+)decreased creatinine level( P<0. 05);and total protein in 0. 4 mg / kg treatment was higher than 1. 6 mg / kg treatment( P<0. 05),triglyceride and free fatty acids were lower than 0. 8 mg / kg treatment( P < 0. 05). By synthesizing the effects of Cr~(3+)on performance and metabolism,the suggested additive level of Cr~(3+)in finishing-grow-ing pig diet was 0. 4 mg / kg·DM.
The objective of this study was to observe the effects of trivalent chromium( Cr~(3+)) on performance and body glucose,protein and lipid metabolism of growing-finishing pigs. Forty-eight crossbred pigs [Duroc×Landrace ×Large White,( 24. 42±2. 36) kg]were randomly divided into 4 treatments,12 per treatment,and Cr~(3+)( chromium picolinate) additive levels were 0,0. 4,0. 8 and1. 6 mg / kg·DM,respectively. The whole trial period was 60 days. 0. 4 mg / kg Cr~(3+)improved 31-60 d average daily gain,plasma glucagon and albumin content( P<0. 05) and insulin action index( P<0. 01),and decreased insulin and free fatty acids levels( P<0. 05); 0. 8 mg /kg Cr~(3+)increased glucose and triglyceride content( P<0. 05); 1. 6 mg / kg Cr~(3+)decreased creatinine level( P<0. 05);and total protein in 0. 4 mg / kg treatment was higher than 1. 6 mg / kg treatment( P<0. 05),triglyceride and free fatty acids were lower than 0. 8 mg / kg treatment( P < 0. 05). By synthesizing the effects of Cr~(3+)on performance and metabolism,the suggested additive level of Cr~(3+)in finishing-grow-ing pig diet was 0. 4 mg / kg·DM.
引文
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[3]Qiao W,Peng Z,Wang Z,et al.Chromium improves glucose uptake and metabolism through upregulating the mRNA levels of IR,GLUT4,GS,and UCP3 in skeletal muscle cells[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2009,131:133-142.
[4]Vincent B.Relationship between glucose tolerance factor and low-molecular-weight chromium-bingding substance[J].J Nutr,1994,124:117-118.
[5]Viera M,Davis-Mc Gibony C M.Isolation and characterization of low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance(LMWCr)from chicken liver[J].Protein J,2008,27:371-375.
[6]Zhang H,Dong B,Zhang M,et al.Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance and meat characteristics of swine[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2011,141:159-169.
[7]闫晓刚,姚继广,杨子森,等.酵母铬和日粮蛋白水平对肥育羔羊生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,13(3):95-100.
[8]Haldar S,Samanta S,Banarjee R,et al.Glucose tolerance and serum concentration of hormones and metabolites in goats(Capra hircus)fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts[J].Animal,2007,1:356-374.
[9]Rama Rao S V,Raju M V L,Panda A K,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of organic chromium on performance,carcass traits,oxidative parameters,and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2012,147:135-141.
[10]Boleman S L,Boleman S J,Binder T D,et al.Effect of chromium picolinate on growth,body composition,and tissue accretion in pigs[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:2033-2042.
[11]刘平祥,陈鹭江,谢德彪,等.铬对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响及其在体内的分布[J].江西农业大学学报,1999,21(4):564-568.
[12]王敏奇,许晓玲,雷剑,等.日粮中添加不同形式三价铬对肥育猪组织铬沉积的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(5):554-560.
[13]梁沛,胡斌,陈浩,等.微波消解/ICP-MS法测定中草药中痕量元素的研究[J].光谱实验室,2001,18(4):509-512.
[14]李光伟,Bennett P H.关于空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素乘积的倒数在流行病学研究中应用的补充说明[J].中华糖尿病杂志,2005,13(4):247-249.
[15]王敏奇,雷剑,和玉丹,等.三价铬对肥育猪生长激素分泌及垂体mRNA表达的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2009,29(7):939-943.
[16]Lindemann M D,Wood C M,Harper A F,et al.Dietary chromium picolinate additions improve gain:feed and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs and increase litter size in reproducing sows[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:457-465.
[17]Matthews J O,Guzik A C,Le Mieux F M,et al.Effects of chromium propionate on growth,carcass traits,and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2005,83:858-862.
[18]Kim B G,Lindemann M D,Cromwell G L,et al.The effects of dietary chromium(Ⅲ)picolinate on growth performance,blood measurements,and respiratory rate in pigs kept in high and low ambient temperature[J].J Anim Sci,2009,87:1695-1704.
[19]Wang M Q,Wang C,Li H,et al.Effects of chromium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth blood metabolites,immune traits and tissue chromium in finishing pigs[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2012,149:197-203.
[20]Van de Ligt C P A,Lindemann M D,Cromwell G L.Assessment of chromium tripicolinate supplementation and dietary protein level on growth,carcass,and blood criteria in growing pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2002,80:2412-2419.
[21]Amoikon E K,Fernandez J M,Southern L L,et al.Effect of chromium tripicolinate on growth,glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,plasma metabolites,and growth hormone in pigs[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:1123-1130.
[22]Debski B,Zalewski W,Gralak M A,et al.Chromium-yeast supplementation of chicken broilers in an industrial farming system[J].J Trace Elem Med Biol,2004,18:47-51.
[23]张敏红,张卫红,张应龙,等.持续日变高温对猪的铬代谢及血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1998,29(2):112-120.
[24]王敏奇,徐晓玲,雷剑,等.不同形式三价铬对肥育猪胴体组成和脂肪代谢的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(1):59-65.
[25]Horvath E M,Tacket L,Mc Carthy A M,et al.Antidiabetogenic effects of chromium mitigate hyperinsulinemia-induced cellular insulin resistance via correction of plasma membrane cholesterol imbalance[J].Mol Endocrinol,2008,22(4):937-950.
[26]Zhao P,Wang J,Ma H,et al.A newly synthetic chromium complex-chromium(d-phenylalanine)(3)activates AMP-activated protein kinase and stimulates glucose transport[J].Biochem Pharmacol,2009,77(6):1002-1010.
[27]池芝盛.内分泌基础与临床[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,1992:563-576.
[28]Kegley E B,Galloway D L,Fakler T M.Effect of dietary chromium-L-methionine on glucose metabolism of beef steers[J].J Anim Sci,2000,78:3177-3183.
[29]Haldar S,Ghosh T K,Pakhira M C,et al.Effects of incremental dietary chromium(Cr3+)on growth,hormone concentrations and glucose clearance in growing goats(Capra hircus)[J].J Agri Sci,2006,144:269-280.
[30]Bee G,Wenk C,Messikommer R.Effects of chromium yeast on growth performance and serum and carcass traits of broiler chickens[J].Archiv Fuer Gefluegelkunde,1999,63:214-219.
[31]王俊东,杜荣,秦健,等.酵母铬与L-肉碱对肉鸡生长性能及脂质代谢的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,34(1):9-16.
[32]Davis T A,Fiorotto M L,Beckett P R,et al.Differential effects of insulin on peripheral and visceral tissue protein synthesis in neonatal pigs[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2001,280(5):770-779.
[33]O'Connor Pamela M J,Kimball S R,Suryawan A,et al.Regulation of neonatal liver protein synthesis by insulin and amino acids in pigs[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2004,286(6):994-1003.
[34]Fuller M F,Weekes T E C,Cadenhead A,et al.The protein sparing effect of arbohydrate 2.The role of insulin[J].Br J Nutr,1977,38(3):489-496.
[35]Refaie F M,Esmat A Y,Mohamed A F,et al.Effect of chromium supplementation on the diabetes induced-oxidative stress in liver and brain of adult rats[J].Biometals,2009,22:1075-1087.
[36]Amoikon E K,Fernandez J M,Southern L L,et al.Effect of chromium tripicolinate on growth,glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,plasma metabolites,and growth hormone in pigs[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:1123-1130.
[37]Bernao A,Meseguer I,Aguilar M V,et al.Effect of different doses of chromium picolinate on protein metabolism in infant rats[J].J Trace Elem Med Bio,2004,18:33-39.
[38]Mooney K W,Gromwell G L.Efficacy of chromium picolinate and chromium chloride as potential carcass modifiers in swine[J].J Anim Sci,1997,75:2661-2671.
[39]许道胜,何玉军,史正萍,等.血浆胆固醇、甘油三酯水平与胰岛素抵抗的关联[J].中国糖尿病杂志,1998,6(3):178-179.
[40]Besong S,Jackson J A,Trammell D S,et al.Effects of supplemental chromium picolinate on liver triacylglycerols,blood metabolites,milk yield and milk composition in early lactation cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1996,79:197.
[41]张加力,王开,张春,等.酵母铬对蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋黄胆固醇含量、铬沉积规律的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(5):730-733.
[2]Anderson R A.Chromium,glucose intolerance and diabetes[J].J Am Coll Nutr,1998,17:548-555.
[3]Qiao W,Peng Z,Wang Z,et al.Chromium improves glucose uptake and metabolism through upregulating the mRNA levels of IR,GLUT4,GS,and UCP3 in skeletal muscle cells[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2009,131:133-142.
[4]Vincent B.Relationship between glucose tolerance factor and low-molecular-weight chromium-bingding substance[J].J Nutr,1994,124:117-118.
[5]Viera M,Davis-Mc Gibony C M.Isolation and characterization of low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance(LMWCr)from chicken liver[J].Protein J,2008,27:371-375.
[6]Zhang H,Dong B,Zhang M,et al.Effects of chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance and meat characteristics of swine[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2011,141:159-169.
[7]闫晓刚,姚继广,杨子森,等.酵母铬和日粮蛋白水平对肥育羔羊生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,13(3):95-100.
[8]Haldar S,Samanta S,Banarjee R,et al.Glucose tolerance and serum concentration of hormones and metabolites in goats(Capra hircus)fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts[J].Animal,2007,1:356-374.
[9]Rama Rao S V,Raju M V L,Panda A K,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of organic chromium on performance,carcass traits,oxidative parameters,and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2012,147:135-141.
[10]Boleman S L,Boleman S J,Binder T D,et al.Effect of chromium picolinate on growth,body composition,and tissue accretion in pigs[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:2033-2042.
[11]刘平祥,陈鹭江,谢德彪,等.铬对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响及其在体内的分布[J].江西农业大学学报,1999,21(4):564-568.
[12]王敏奇,许晓玲,雷剑,等.日粮中添加不同形式三价铬对肥育猪组织铬沉积的影响[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(5):554-560.
[13]梁沛,胡斌,陈浩,等.微波消解/ICP-MS法测定中草药中痕量元素的研究[J].光谱实验室,2001,18(4):509-512.
[14]李光伟,Bennett P H.关于空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素乘积的倒数在流行病学研究中应用的补充说明[J].中华糖尿病杂志,2005,13(4):247-249.
[15]王敏奇,雷剑,和玉丹,等.三价铬对肥育猪生长激素分泌及垂体mRNA表达的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2009,29(7):939-943.
[16]Lindemann M D,Wood C M,Harper A F,et al.Dietary chromium picolinate additions improve gain:feed and carcass characteristics in growing-finishing pigs and increase litter size in reproducing sows[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:457-465.
[17]Matthews J O,Guzik A C,Le Mieux F M,et al.Effects of chromium propionate on growth,carcass traits,and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2005,83:858-862.
[18]Kim B G,Lindemann M D,Cromwell G L,et al.The effects of dietary chromium(Ⅲ)picolinate on growth performance,blood measurements,and respiratory rate in pigs kept in high and low ambient temperature[J].J Anim Sci,2009,87:1695-1704.
[19]Wang M Q,Wang C,Li H,et al.Effects of chromium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth blood metabolites,immune traits and tissue chromium in finishing pigs[J].Biol Trace Elem Res,2012,149:197-203.
[20]Van de Ligt C P A,Lindemann M D,Cromwell G L.Assessment of chromium tripicolinate supplementation and dietary protein level on growth,carcass,and blood criteria in growing pigs[J].J Anim Sci,2002,80:2412-2419.
[21]Amoikon E K,Fernandez J M,Southern L L,et al.Effect of chromium tripicolinate on growth,glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,plasma metabolites,and growth hormone in pigs[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:1123-1130.
[22]Debski B,Zalewski W,Gralak M A,et al.Chromium-yeast supplementation of chicken broilers in an industrial farming system[J].J Trace Elem Med Biol,2004,18:47-51.
[23]张敏红,张卫红,张应龙,等.持续日变高温对猪的铬代谢及血液生化指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,1998,29(2):112-120.
[24]王敏奇,徐晓玲,雷剑,等.不同形式三价铬对肥育猪胴体组成和脂肪代谢的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(1):59-65.
[25]Horvath E M,Tacket L,Mc Carthy A M,et al.Antidiabetogenic effects of chromium mitigate hyperinsulinemia-induced cellular insulin resistance via correction of plasma membrane cholesterol imbalance[J].Mol Endocrinol,2008,22(4):937-950.
[26]Zhao P,Wang J,Ma H,et al.A newly synthetic chromium complex-chromium(d-phenylalanine)(3)activates AMP-activated protein kinase and stimulates glucose transport[J].Biochem Pharmacol,2009,77(6):1002-1010.
[27]池芝盛.内分泌基础与临床[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,1992:563-576.
[28]Kegley E B,Galloway D L,Fakler T M.Effect of dietary chromium-L-methionine on glucose metabolism of beef steers[J].J Anim Sci,2000,78:3177-3183.
[29]Haldar S,Ghosh T K,Pakhira M C,et al.Effects of incremental dietary chromium(Cr3+)on growth,hormone concentrations and glucose clearance in growing goats(Capra hircus)[J].J Agri Sci,2006,144:269-280.
[30]Bee G,Wenk C,Messikommer R.Effects of chromium yeast on growth performance and serum and carcass traits of broiler chickens[J].Archiv Fuer Gefluegelkunde,1999,63:214-219.
[31]王俊东,杜荣,秦健,等.酵母铬与L-肉碱对肉鸡生长性能及脂质代谢的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,34(1):9-16.
[32]Davis T A,Fiorotto M L,Beckett P R,et al.Differential effects of insulin on peripheral and visceral tissue protein synthesis in neonatal pigs[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2001,280(5):770-779.
[33]O'Connor Pamela M J,Kimball S R,Suryawan A,et al.Regulation of neonatal liver protein synthesis by insulin and amino acids in pigs[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2004,286(6):994-1003.
[34]Fuller M F,Weekes T E C,Cadenhead A,et al.The protein sparing effect of arbohydrate 2.The role of insulin[J].Br J Nutr,1977,38(3):489-496.
[35]Refaie F M,Esmat A Y,Mohamed A F,et al.Effect of chromium supplementation on the diabetes induced-oxidative stress in liver and brain of adult rats[J].Biometals,2009,22:1075-1087.
[36]Amoikon E K,Fernandez J M,Southern L L,et al.Effect of chromium tripicolinate on growth,glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,plasma metabolites,and growth hormone in pigs[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:1123-1130.
[37]Bernao A,Meseguer I,Aguilar M V,et al.Effect of different doses of chromium picolinate on protein metabolism in infant rats[J].J Trace Elem Med Bio,2004,18:33-39.
[38]Mooney K W,Gromwell G L.Efficacy of chromium picolinate and chromium chloride as potential carcass modifiers in swine[J].J Anim Sci,1997,75:2661-2671.
[39]许道胜,何玉军,史正萍,等.血浆胆固醇、甘油三酯水平与胰岛素抵抗的关联[J].中国糖尿病杂志,1998,6(3):178-179.
[40]Besong S,Jackson J A,Trammell D S,et al.Effects of supplemental chromium picolinate on liver triacylglycerols,blood metabolites,milk yield and milk composition in early lactation cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1996,79:197.
[41]张加力,王开,张春,等.酵母铬对蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋黄胆固醇含量、铬沉积规律的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(5):730-733.