青少年锻炼目标内容、自主型动机与体育锻炼的关系
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摘要
以自我决定理论(SDT)为基础,采用锻炼目标内容、运动行为调节(第二版本)和Godin的业余时间体育锻炼3个量表对664名青少年进行抽样调查,以考察青少年锻炼目标内容、自主型动机和不同强度体育锻炼之间的关系。结果表明:1)青少年锻炼内在目标可正向预测剧烈、适度和轻度运动,而锻炼外在目标仅可预测剧烈运动;2)青少年自主型期望可正向预测剧烈和适度运动;3)青少年自主型动机在锻炼内在目标与剧烈运动间起部分中介作用,在内在目标与适度运动间起完全中介作用。研究结果基本支持SDT相关观点,但青少年锻炼目标内容对体育锻炼的预测作用具有文化特异性,不同强度体育锻炼的自主型动机预测作用和中介机制不一。
Based on the self-determination theory( SDT),by using the scales of exercise content goal,behavioral regulations in exercise questionnaire( BREQ-2),Goddin' leisure-time exercise questionnaire to investigate 664 teenagers,the article is trying to verify the relationship among teenagers' exercise content goal,autonomous motivation and different level physical exercise. The results are as follows: 1) teenagers' exercise intrinsic goal content can positively predict strenuous exercise,moderate exercise and mild exercise,while exercise extrinsic goal content only positively predict strenuous exercise; 2) teenagers' autonomous motivation can positively predict strenuous exercise and moderate exercise; 3) teenagers' autonomous motivation partially mediated the relationship of exercise intrinsic goal content and strenuous exercise,while wholly mediated the relationship of exercise intrinsic goal content and moderate exercise. The results mostly support the SDT,however,there are cross-cultural differences in the teenagers' exercise goal content which predict physical exercise,the prediction and mediating effect of autonomous motivation depend on physical exercise levels.
Based on the self-determination theory( SDT),by using the scales of exercise content goal,behavioral regulations in exercise questionnaire( BREQ-2),Goddin' leisure-time exercise questionnaire to investigate 664 teenagers,the article is trying to verify the relationship among teenagers' exercise content goal,autonomous motivation and different level physical exercise. The results are as follows: 1) teenagers' exercise intrinsic goal content can positively predict strenuous exercise,moderate exercise and mild exercise,while exercise extrinsic goal content only positively predict strenuous exercise; 2) teenagers' autonomous motivation can positively predict strenuous exercise and moderate exercise; 3) teenagers' autonomous motivation partially mediated the relationship of exercise intrinsic goal content and strenuous exercise,while wholly mediated the relationship of exercise intrinsic goal content and moderate exercise. The results mostly support the SDT,however,there are cross-cultural differences in the teenagers' exercise goal content which predict physical exercise,the prediction and mediating effect of autonomous motivation depend on physical exercise levels.
引文
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[16]Markus H R,Kitayama S.Models of agency:sociocultural diversity in the construction of action.In Murphy-Berman V,Berman J J(Eds.),Nevraska Symposium on Motivation:Vol.49.Crosscultural differences in perspectives on the self(pp.1-57)[M].Lincoln,NE:University of Nevraska Press,2003.
[17]Sebire J S,Standage M,Vansteenkiste M.Development and validation of the goal content for exercise questionnaire[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2008,30(4):353-377.
[18]Markland D,Tobin V.A modification to the behavioural regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2004,26(2):191-196.
[19]Godin G,Shephard R J.A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community[J].Canadian Journal of Applied Sport science,1985,10(3):141-146.
[20]周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J].心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950.
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[2]Ryan R M,Deci E L.Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation,social development,and well-being[J].American Psychologist,2000,55(1):68-78.
[3]Deci E L,Ryan R M.The“what”and“why”of goal pursuits:Human needs and the self-determination of behavior[J].Psychological Inquiry,2000,11(4):227-268.
[4]项明强.促进青少年体育锻炼和健康幸福的路径:基于自我决定理论模型构建[J].体育科学,2013,32(8):21-28.
[5]刘靖东,钟伯光,姒刚彦.自我决定理论在中国人人群的应用[J].心理科学进展,2013,21(10):1-11.
[6]Vansteenkiste M,Duriez B,Simons J,Soenens B.Materialistic values and well-being among business students:Further evidence of their detrimental effect[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2006,6(12):2892-2908.
[7]Vansteenkiste M,Soenens B,Duriez B.Presenting a positive alternative to strivings for material success and the thin-ideal:Understanding the effects of extrinsic relative to intrinsic goal pursuits.In S.J.Lopez(Ed.),Positive psychology:Exploring the best in people(Vol.4,pp.57-86).Westport,CT:Greenwood Publishing Company.2008.
[8]Sheldon K M,Mc Gregor H A.Extrinsic value orientation and“the tragedy of the commons”[J].Journal of Personality,2000,68(2):383-411.
[9]Sebire J S,Standage M,Vansteenkiste M.Examining intrinsic versus extrinsic exercise goals:cognitive,affective,and behavioral outcomes[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2009,31(2):189-210.
[10]张勤,奚家文.不同锻炼目标的影响及心理机制[J].体育文化导刊,2010(7):1-5.
[11]Ryan R M,Williams G C,Patrick H,Deci E L.Self-determination theory and physical activity:The dynamics of motivation in development and wellness[J].Hellenic Journal of Psychology,2009,(6):107-124.
[12]Vansteenkiste M,Simons J,Soenens B,Lens W.How to become a persevering exerciser Providing a clear,future intrinsic goal in an autonomy supportive manner[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2004,26(2):232-249.
[13]Gillison F B,Standage M,Skevington S M.Relationships among adolescents'weight perceptions,exercise goals,exercise motivation,quality of life and leisure-time exercise behaviour:a selfdetermination theory approach[J].Health Education Research,2006,21(6):836-847.
[14]Ingledew D K,Markland D A.The role of motives in exercise participation[J].Psychology and Health,2008,23(7):807-828.
[15]Sebire S J,Standage M,Vansteenkiste M.Predicting objectively assessed physical activity from the content and regulation of exercise goals:evidence for a meditational model[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2011,33(2):175-197.
[16]Markus H R,Kitayama S.Models of agency:sociocultural diversity in the construction of action.In Murphy-Berman V,Berman J J(Eds.),Nevraska Symposium on Motivation:Vol.49.Crosscultural differences in perspectives on the self(pp.1-57)[M].Lincoln,NE:University of Nevraska Press,2003.
[17]Sebire J S,Standage M,Vansteenkiste M.Development and validation of the goal content for exercise questionnaire[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2008,30(4):353-377.
[18]Markland D,Tobin V.A modification to the behavioural regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2004,26(2):191-196.
[19]Godin G,Shephard R J.A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community[J].Canadian Journal of Applied Sport science,1985,10(3):141-146.
[20]周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J].心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950.
[21]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):614-620.