改良剂对滴灌棉田镉分布及迁移特征的影响
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摘要
通过田间桶栽试验研究了高浓度镉(40mg/kg)条件下,4种改良剂(有机—无机复合稳定剂、无机高分子复配材料、聚丙烯酸盐复配材料、有机高分子复配材料)对棉田土壤剖面中土壤pH、阳离子交换量(CEC)、镉含量及其形态分布迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)4种改良剂均显著提高了棉田土壤剖面各层的pH和CEC,无机高分子复配材料在0—20cm土层效果最好,分别增加了0.43个单位和4.43cmol/kg;(2)改良剂促进土壤可交换态镉向其余4种形态的转化,相关分析表明碳酸盐结合态与可交换态镉含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),在0—20cm和20—40cm土层中效果尤为突出,以无机高分子复配材料对土壤可交换态镉的降低效果最好,降低了3.61mg/kg;(3)各土层中的pH和CEC均与可交换态镉呈负相关,与其他形态呈正相关。即改良剂通过改变土壤pH和CEC,影响土壤镉的分布及迁移,从而降低镉的有效性,达到改善土壤环境的目的。
Tub experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of conditioners on the soil pH,cation exchange capacity(CEC),the distribution and migration of soil Cd concentration,and soil Cd fraction when exposed to high Cd pollution(40 mg/kg).Four conditioners were organic-inorganic composite conditioner,inorganic polymer compound conditioner,polyacrylate compound conditioner,and organic polymer compound conditioner.The results showed that:(1)Four conditioners increased the soil pH and CEC,and the inorganic polymer compound conditioner worked the best in the 0—20 cm soil layer,increased by 0.43 units and 4.43 cmol/kg respectively.(2)The use of four conditioners improve the transformation of exchangeable Cd to other forms.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between carbonate and exchangeable Cd(P<0.01),and showed particularly prominent effect at 0—20 cm and 20—40 cm soil layer.The use of inorganic polymer compound conditioner showed the best reduction of the soil exchangeable Cd,reduced 3.61 mg/kg.(3)Soil pH and CEC were negatively correlated with the concentration of soil exchangeable Cd in all soil layers and positively correlated with other forms.That is,the conditioners affect the soil cadmium distribution and migration by changing the soil pH and soil CEC,thereby reducing the effectiveness of cadmium,and improving the soil environment.
Tub experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of conditioners on the soil pH,cation exchange capacity(CEC),the distribution and migration of soil Cd concentration,and soil Cd fraction when exposed to high Cd pollution(40 mg/kg).Four conditioners were organic-inorganic composite conditioner,inorganic polymer compound conditioner,polyacrylate compound conditioner,and organic polymer compound conditioner.The results showed that:(1)Four conditioners increased the soil pH and CEC,and the inorganic polymer compound conditioner worked the best in the 0—20 cm soil layer,increased by 0.43 units and 4.43 cmol/kg respectively.(2)The use of four conditioners improve the transformation of exchangeable Cd to other forms.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between carbonate and exchangeable Cd(P<0.01),and showed particularly prominent effect at 0—20 cm and 20—40 cm soil layer.The use of inorganic polymer compound conditioner showed the best reduction of the soil exchangeable Cd,reduced 3.61 mg/kg.(3)Soil pH and CEC were negatively correlated with the concentration of soil exchangeable Cd in all soil layers and positively correlated with other forms.That is,the conditioners affect the soil cadmium distribution and migration by changing the soil pH and soil CEC,thereby reducing the effectiveness of cadmium,and improving the soil environment.
引文
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[2]Li P,Wang X,Zhang T,et al.Effects of several amendments on rice growth and uptake of copper and cadmium from a contaminated soil[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2008,20(4):449-455.
[3]王维薇,林清.国内外土壤镉污染及其修复技术的现状与展望[J].绿色科技,2017(4):90-93.
[4]赖营帅,马媛媛,王卫,等.新疆“金三角”地区重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2016,35(7):1381-1389.
[5]海米提·依米提,祖皮艳木·买买提,李建涛,等.焉耆盆地土壤重金属的污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(6):1523-1530.
[6]罗艳丽,郑春霞,蒋平安,等.新疆奎屯垦区土壤重金属风险评价[J].土壤通报,2012,43(5):1247-1252.
[7]李剑睿,徐应明,林大松,等.农田重金属污染原位钝化修复研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(4):721-728.
[8]赵庆圆,李小明,杨麒,等.磷酸盐、腐殖酸与粉煤灰联合钝化处理模拟铅镉污染土壤[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):389-398.
[9]秦端端,姚粉霞,陈亚军,等.保水剂对土壤重金属镉形态及生物有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(12):2327-2333.
[10]Varennes A D,Queda C.Application of an insoluble polyacrylate polymer to copper-contaminated soil enhances plant growth and soil quality[J].Soil Use and Management,2010,21(4):410-414.
[11]Varennes D A,Michael J G,Miguel M.Remediation of a sandy soil contaminated with cadmium,nickel and zinc using an insoluble polyacrylate polymer[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2006,37(11/12):1639-1649.
[12]陈悦,李玲,何秋伶,等.镉胁迫对3个棉花品种(系)产量、纤维品质和生理特性的影响[J].棉花学报,2014,26(6):521-530.
[13]刘铭,刘凤枝,刘保峰.土壤中有效态铅和镉的测定[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(3):300-302.
[14]Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Bisson M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[15]秦鱼生,詹绍军,喻华,等.镉在不同质地水稻土剖面中的分布特征及与作物吸收的关系[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2013,33(2):476-480.
[16]芦小军.低分子有机酸对土壤镉纵向迁移的影响[D].河北保定:河北农业大学,2010.
[17]Mahar A,Ping W,Ronghua L I,et al.Immobilization of lead and cadmium in contaminated soil using amendments:A review[J].Pedosphere,2015,25(4):555-568.
[18]Kunhikrishnan A,Bolan N S,Naidu R,et al.Recycled water sources influence the bioavailability of copper to earthworms[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,261(20):784-792.
[19]Pueyo M,Sastre J,Hernández E,et al.Prediction of trace element mobility in contaminated soils by sequential extraction[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2003,32(6):2054.
[20]林国林,杜胜南,金兰淑,等.施用生物炭和零价铁粉对土壤中镉形态变化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):157-160.
[21]王秀丽,梁成华,马子惠,等.施用磷酸盐和沸石对土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1437-1444.
[22]迟荪琳,徐卫红,熊仕娟,等.不同镉水平下纳米沸石对土壤pH、CEC及Cd形态的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1654-1666.
[23]Shi W Y,Shao H B,Hua L,et al.Progress in the remediation of hazardous heavy metal-polluted soils by natural zeolite[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,170(1):1-6.
[24]卢美献.不同固定剂及其配比对土壤中镉砷钝化修复效果研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2016.
[25]李明遥,张妍,杜立宇,等.生物炭与沸石混施对土壤Cd形态转化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):248-252.
[26]曲贵伟.聚丙烯酸盐对重金属污染修复作用的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2011.
[27]粟燕,刘人源,陈振玲.纳米氢氧化铝-聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂对镉离子的吸附研究[J].离子交换与吸附,2016(4):324-332.
[28]唐婉莹,翟宇峰,王连军,等.聚合氯化铝絮凝机理探讨[J].南京理工大学学报,1997,21(4):325-328.