直流接地极近区三维大地电阻率模型建立方法
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摘要
大地电阻率模型不准确是造成对直流输电接地极极址周边地面、地下导电体以及交流电网影响评估不准确的主要原因。根据接地极电流产生的地表电位(earth surface potential,ESP)具有以接地极为中心类同心圆分布的特点,利用地壳/上地幔历史电磁测深数据、资料和直流接地极工程选址设计电磁测深数据、资料,提出评估接地极近区ESP分布的大地电阻率三维模型建立方法。利用?800 k V天中直流输电工程哈密接地极周边交流电网直流偏磁电流(DC biasing current,DCBC)的实测数据,证明利用大地电阻率三维模型计算的电网DCBC准确、可靠,所建模型对接地极选址设计和电网DCBC治理方案优化都有重要意义。
The imprecise earth resistivity model is the main reason for the inaccurate impact assessment of the conductors on ground or underground and AC networks around DC ground electrode.Earth surface potential(ESP) produced by ground current has the characteristic of concentric circle distribution with the center of the ground electrode.Based on the engineering data of ground electrode and the historical magnetotelluric sounding data of the crust and upper mantle,a three-dimensional earth resistivity model was proposed to evaluate the distribution of ESP around DC ground electrode.It was proved that DC biasing current(DCBC) calculated by three-dimensional earth resistivity model is accurate and reliable by comparing measured data of DCBC in AC networks around Hami DC ground electrode of ±800 kV Tian-Zhong UHVDC project with the modeling result.The model has great significance to the site selection and design of ground electrode and the optimization of DCBC control scheme.
The imprecise earth resistivity model is the main reason for the inaccurate impact assessment of the conductors on ground or underground and AC networks around DC ground electrode.Earth surface potential(ESP) produced by ground current has the characteristic of concentric circle distribution with the center of the ground electrode.Based on the engineering data of ground electrode and the historical magnetotelluric sounding data of the crust and upper mantle,a three-dimensional earth resistivity model was proposed to evaluate the distribution of ESP around DC ground electrode.It was proved that DC biasing current(DCBC) calculated by three-dimensional earth resistivity model is accurate and reliable by comparing measured data of DCBC in AC networks around Hami DC ground electrode of ±800 kV Tian-Zhong UHVDC project with the modeling result.The model has great significance to the site selection and design of ground electrode and the optimization of DCBC control scheme.
引文
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[16]李文峰,杨洪耕,肖先勇,等.土壤模型对地表电位影响及合理选取土壤模型方法研究[J].物理学报,2013,62(14):144102.Li Wenfeng,Yang Honggeng,Xiao Xianyong,et al.The effect of soil model on earth surface potential and reasonable selection method for soil model[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(14):144102(in Chinese).
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[19]郝治国,余洋,张保会,等.高压直流输电单极大地方式运行时地表电位分布规律[J].电力自动化设备,2009,29(6):10-14.Hao Zhiguo,Yu Yang,Zhang Baohui,et al.Earth surface potential distribution of HVDC operation under monopole ground return mode[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2009,29(6):10-14(in Chinese).
[20]袁学诚.阿尔泰—台湾地学断面论文集[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997:1-31.
[21]金胜.西北地区长周期大地电磁测深数据[DB/OL].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2000[2017-03-06].http://124.17.88.221/sinoprobe/.
[22]黄怀曾,吴功建.岩石圈动力学研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:3-25.
[23]彭聪,高锐.中国大陆及邻近海域岩石圈/软流圈结构横向变化研究[M].北京,地震出版社,2000:69-86.
[24]李廷栋.中国岩石圈的基本特征[J].地学前缘,2010,17(3):1-13.Li Tingdong.Principal characteristics of the lithosphere of China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(3):1-13(in Chinese).
[25]陈凌,朱日祥,王涛.大陆岩石圈研究进展[J].地学前缘,2007,14(2):58-75.Chen Ling,Zhu Rixiang,Wang Tao.Progress in continental lithosphere studies[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(2):58-75(in Chinese).
[26]袁学诚.中国地球物理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:54-55.
[27]李立,金国元,刘畅往,等.可可托海—阿克塞剖面的地电特征[C]//1992年中国地球物理学会第八届学术年会论文集.昆明:中国地球物理学会,1992.
[28]单春玲,刘国兴,韩江涛.西北750k V电网区域大地电阻率确定与GIC研究[C]//中国地球物理学会第二十五届年会论文集.合肥:中国地球物理学会,2009.
[29]郑宽,刘连光,Boteler D H,等.多电压等级电网的GIC-Benchmark建模方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(16):179-186.Zheng Kuan,Liu Lianguang,Boteler D H,et al.Modelling geomagnetically induced currents in multiple voltage levels of a power system illustrated using the GIC-Benchmark case[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(16):179-186(in Chinese).
[2]李泓志,崔翔,刘东升,等.直流偏磁对三相电力变压器的影响[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(5):88-96.Li Hongzhi,Cui Xiang,Liu Dongsheng,et a1.Influence on three-phase power transformer by DC bias excitation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(5):88-96(in Chinese).
[3]曹方圆,孟晓波,廖永力,等.直流接地极对埋地金属管道影响的电路模型及应用[J].电网技术,2016,40(10):3258-3264.Cao Fangyuan,Meng Xiaobo,Liao Yongli,et a1.Circuit model and application for influence of DC ground electrode on buried metal pipelines[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(10):3258-3264(in Chinese).
[4]曾嵘,赵杰,尚春,等.HVDC地中直流对交流系统影响的防范措施[J].高电压技术,2009,35(4):919-925.Zeng Rong,Zhao Jie,Shang Chun,et a1.Measures to restrain the neutral current of the AC transformer in HVDC ground return system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(4):919-925(in Chinese).
[5]朱艺颖,蒋卫平,曾昭华,等.抑制变压器中性点直流电流的措施研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(13):1-7.Zhu Yiying,Jiang Weiping,Zeng Zhaohua,et al.Studying on measures of restraining DC current through transformer neutrals[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(13):1-7(in Chinese).
[6]邹国平,姚晖,何文林,等.溪洛渡—浙西±800kV特高压直流输电工程受端电网直流偏磁治理[J].高电压技术,2016,42(2):543-550.Zuo Guoping,Yao Hui,He Wenlin,et al.DC bias suppression of receiving-end power grid in±800k V Xiluodu-Zhexi UHVDC project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(2):543-550(in Chinese).
[7]王华伟,林少伯,王祖力,等.溪浙特高压直流隔直装置存在的问题分析及改进[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1600-1604.Wang Huawei,Lin Shaobo,Wang Zuli,et a1.Problems analysis and improvement for neutral DC current blocking device used in Xizhe UHVDC[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(6):1600-1604(in Chinese).
[8]Pirjola R.Review on the calculation of surface electric and magnetic fields and of geomagnetically induced currents in ground-based technological systems[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2002,23(1):71-90.
[9]Liu Chunming,Liu Lianguang,Pirjola R,et al.Calculation of geomagnetically induced currents in mid-to low-latitude power grids based on the plane wave method:a preliminary case study[J].Space Weather,2009,7(4):S04005.
[10]Dong B,Danskin D W,Pirjola R J,et al.Evaluating the applicability of the finite element method for modelling of geoelectric fields[J].Annales Geophysicae,2013,31(10):1689-1698.
[11]王泽忠,董博,刘春明,等.华北地区大地电性结构三维建模及磁暴感应地电场有限元计算[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(3):61-66.Wang Zezhong,Dong Bo,Liu Chunming,et al.Threedimensional earth conductivity structure modelling in North China and calculation of geoelectromagnetic fields during geomagnetic disturbances based on finite element method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(3):61-66(in Chinese).
[12]Boteler D H,Pirjola R J.The complex-image method for calculating the magnetic and electric fields produced at the surface of the Earth by the auroral electrojet[J].Geophysical Journal International,1998,132(1):31-40.
[13]Viljanen A,Pulkkinen A,Amm O,et al.Fast computation of the geoelectric field using the method of elementary current systems and planar Earth models[J].Annales Geophysicae,2004,22(1):101-113.
[14]孙结中,刘力.运用等值复数镜像法求解复合分层土壤结构的格林函数[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(9):146-151.Sun Jiezhong,Liu Li.Derivation of Green’s function by equivalent complex image method in a horizontal and vertical combined-layer soil structure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(9):146-151(in Chinese).
[15]刘曲,李立浧,郑健超.考虑海洋影响的直流输电单极大地运行时变压器中性点直流电流研究[J].电网技术,2007,31(2):57-60,65.Liu Qu,Li Licheng,Zheng Jianchao.Study on DC current through transformer neutrals caused by ground return operation mode of HVDC system with sea influence considered[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(2):57-60,65(in Chinese).
[16]李文峰,杨洪耕,肖先勇,等.土壤模型对地表电位影响及合理选取土壤模型方法研究[J].物理学报,2013,62(14):144102.Li Wenfeng,Yang Honggeng,Xiao Xianyong,et al.The effect of soil model on earth surface potential and reasonable selection method for soil model[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2013,62(14):144102(in Chinese).
[17]阮羚,全江涛,杨小库,等.深层大地电阻率对交流电网直流电流分布的影响[J].高电压技术,2014,40(11):3528-3536.Ruan Ling,Quan Jiangtao,Yang Xiaoku,et al.Influence of deep earth resistivity on direct current distribution in AC power grid[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(11):3528-3536(in Chinese).
[18]刘连光,马成廉.基于有限元方法的直流输电接地极多层土壤地电位分布计算[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(18):1-5.Liu Lianguang,Ma Chenglian.Calculation of multi-layer soil earth surface potential distribution of HVDC due to finite element method[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(18):1-5(in Chinese).
[19]郝治国,余洋,张保会,等.高压直流输电单极大地方式运行时地表电位分布规律[J].电力自动化设备,2009,29(6):10-14.Hao Zhiguo,Yu Yang,Zhang Baohui,et al.Earth surface potential distribution of HVDC operation under monopole ground return mode[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2009,29(6):10-14(in Chinese).
[20]袁学诚.阿尔泰—台湾地学断面论文集[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997:1-31.
[21]金胜.西北地区长周期大地电磁测深数据[DB/OL].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2000[2017-03-06].http://124.17.88.221/sinoprobe/.
[22]黄怀曾,吴功建.岩石圈动力学研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:3-25.
[23]彭聪,高锐.中国大陆及邻近海域岩石圈/软流圈结构横向变化研究[M].北京,地震出版社,2000:69-86.
[24]李廷栋.中国岩石圈的基本特征[J].地学前缘,2010,17(3):1-13.Li Tingdong.Principal characteristics of the lithosphere of China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(3):1-13(in Chinese).
[25]陈凌,朱日祥,王涛.大陆岩石圈研究进展[J].地学前缘,2007,14(2):58-75.Chen Ling,Zhu Rixiang,Wang Tao.Progress in continental lithosphere studies[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(2):58-75(in Chinese).
[26]袁学诚.中国地球物理图集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:54-55.
[27]李立,金国元,刘畅往,等.可可托海—阿克塞剖面的地电特征[C]//1992年中国地球物理学会第八届学术年会论文集.昆明:中国地球物理学会,1992.
[28]单春玲,刘国兴,韩江涛.西北750k V电网区域大地电阻率确定与GIC研究[C]//中国地球物理学会第二十五届年会论文集.合肥:中国地球物理学会,2009.
[29]郑宽,刘连光,Boteler D H,等.多电压等级电网的GIC-Benchmark建模方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(16):179-186.Zheng Kuan,Liu Lianguang,Boteler D H,et al.Modelling geomagnetically induced currents in multiple voltage levels of a power system illustrated using the GIC-Benchmark case[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(16):179-186(in Chinese).