越流区开采条件下承压含水层易污染性机理研究——以单井开采为例
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摘要
地下水易污染性分析是合理开发利用地下水资源、保护地下水环境的一项重要的基础性工作。长期以来针对潜水含水层易污染性的研究进行的较为深入,而对承压含水层易污染性的研究较为少见。同时,易污染性评价方法又以经验方法为主,受人为主观因素影响较大,因此需要通过对承压含水层污染机理进行研究,以减少人为主观因素对评价结果的影响。本文以单井开采承压含水层为例,通过分析承压含水层受污染的原因,以单位面积上越流补给量占开采量的比重为承压含水层易污染性指数,在建立越流区承压水向完整井稳定运动的微分方程的基础上,得到易污染性指数的解析表达式,并分析了各参数对易污染性的影响,使承压含水层易污染性评价有了一定的理论依据,对合理开发利用承压含水层有一定的指导意义。
Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination is the fundamental work for scientific exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources and for groundwater environmental protection.Most groundwater vulnerability assessment methods are developed only for shallow aquifers.It is necessary to develop vulnerability assessment methods for confined aquifers and analyze the influencing factors from the contamination mechanism.For this purpose,this paper takes the ratio of leakage recharge per unit area as the confined aquifer vulnerability index according to the analysis of the reason of confined groundwater contamination.The analytical solution of the confined aquifer vulnerability index is obtained by solving the partial differential equation describing the steady confined groundwater flow to a fully penetrating well.Impact of factors on the confined aquifer vulnerability index is also analyzed.This method is of guiding significance to the rational development of confined groundwater resources.
Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination is the fundamental work for scientific exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources and for groundwater environmental protection.Most groundwater vulnerability assessment methods are developed only for shallow aquifers.It is necessary to develop vulnerability assessment methods for confined aquifers and analyze the influencing factors from the contamination mechanism.For this purpose,this paper takes the ratio of leakage recharge per unit area as the confined aquifer vulnerability index according to the analysis of the reason of confined groundwater contamination.The analytical solution of the confined aquifer vulnerability index is obtained by solving the partial differential equation describing the steady confined groundwater flow to a fully penetrating well.Impact of factors on the confined aquifer vulnerability index is also analyzed.This method is of guiding significance to the rational development of confined groundwater resources.
引文
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[9]吕敦玉,余楚,周爱国,等.某油田区地下水综合防污性能评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(3):81-85.[LV D Y,YU C,ZHOU A G,et al.Assessment of groundwater integrated defense ability tocontamination in a certain oilfield[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(3):81-85.(inChinese)]
[10]孟宪萌,束龙仓,卢耀如.基于熵权的改进DRASTIC模型在地下水脆弱性评价中的应用[J].水利学报,2007,38(1):94-99.[MENG X M,SHU L C,LU Y R.Modified DRASTIC model forgroundwater vulnerability assessment based on entropyweight[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(1):94-99.(in Chinese)]
[11]邓昌州,姜吉生,张玉敏,等.哈尔滨市及周边地区地下水易污性评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(4):135-139.[DENG J Z,JIANG J S,ZHANGY M,et al.Assessment of the groundwatervulnerability in Harbin and the vicinity[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2011,38(4):135-139.(in Chinese)]
[12]范琦,王贵玲,蔺文静,等.地下水脆弱性评价方法的探讨及实例[J].水利学报,2007,38(5):601-605.[FAN Q,WANG G L,LIAN W J,et al.New method for evaluating the vulnerability ofgroundwater[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(5):601-605.(in Chinese)]
[13]孟宪萌,田富强,胡和平.越流区承压含水层特殊脆弱性评价模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,50(6):844-847.[MENG X M,TIANF Q,HU H P.Specific vulnerability assessmentmodel for the confined aquifer in a leakage area[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science andTechnology),2010,50(6):844-847.(in Chinese)]
[14]孟宪萌.基于过程模拟的越流区承压含水层脆弱性评价研究[D].北京:清华大学,2010.[MENGX M.Study on process based assessment method forthe confined aquifer vulnerability in leakage area[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2010.(inChinese)]
[15]Bear J.Hydraulics of groundwater[M].McGraw-Hill,1979.
[16]薛禹群.地下水动力学原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.[XUE Y Q.Theory of groundwaterdynamics[M].Beijing:Geological Press,1986.(inChinese)]
[17]胡嗣柱,倪光炯.数学物理方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.[HU S Z,NI G J.Mathematicaland physical method[M].Beijing:Higher EducationPress,1986.(in Chinese)]
[18]Meng X M,Tian F Q,Hu H P.Groundwatervulnerability assessment of confined aquifer:casestudy Jining,China[C]//Proceeding of 4thConference of Asia Pacific Assiciation of Hydrologyand Water Resources,Beijing,2008.
[2]李静,梁杏,靳孟贵.低渗透介质孔隙溶液的提取及其应用综述[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(4):26-31.[LI J,LIANG X,JIN M G.Reviewon pore water extraction techniques in low-permeability media and their application[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(4):26-31.(in Chinese)]
[3]唐克旺,吴玉成,侯杰.中国地下水资源质量评价(Ⅱ):地下水水质现状和污染分析[J].水资源保护,2006,22(3):1-4.[TANG K W,WU Y C,HOU J.Assessment of groundwater quality in China:Ⅱ.Groundwater quality and pollution analysis[J].Water Resources Protection,2006,22(3):1-4.(in Chinese)]
[4]于勇,翟远征,郭永丽,等.基于不确定性的地下水污染风险评价研究进展[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,40(1):115-123.[YU Y,ZHAI Y Z,GUOY L,et al.Risk assessment of groundwater pollutionbased on uncertainty[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2013,40(1):115-123.(inChinese)]
[5]孙才志,潘俊.地下水脆弱性的概念、评价方法与研究前景[J].水科学进展,1999,33(4):444-449.[SUN C Z,PAN J.Concept and assessment ofgroundwater vulnerability and its future prospect[J].Advances in Water Science,1999,33(4):444-449.(in Chinese)]
[6]GOGU R C,DASSARGUES A.Current trends andfuture challenges in groundwater vulnerabilityassessment using overlay and index methods[J].Environmental Geology,2000,39(6):549-559.
[7]Aller L,Bennet T,Lehr J H,et al.A StandardizedSystem for Evaluating Ground Water Pollution PotentialUsing Hydro geological Settings[M].Oklahoma:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,1987.
[8]陈守煜,伏广涛,周惠成,等.含水层脆弱性模糊分析评价模型与方法[J].水利学报,2002,7:23-30.[CHEN S Y,FU G T,ZHOU H C,et al.Fuzzyanalysis model and methodology for aquifervulnerability evaluation[J].Journal of HydraulicEngineering,2002,7:23-30.(in Chinese)]
[9]吕敦玉,余楚,周爱国,等.某油田区地下水综合防污性能评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(3):81-85.[LV D Y,YU C,ZHOU A G,et al.Assessment of groundwater integrated defense ability tocontamination in a certain oilfield[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(3):81-85.(inChinese)]
[10]孟宪萌,束龙仓,卢耀如.基于熵权的改进DRASTIC模型在地下水脆弱性评价中的应用[J].水利学报,2007,38(1):94-99.[MENG X M,SHU L C,LU Y R.Modified DRASTIC model forgroundwater vulnerability assessment based on entropyweight[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(1):94-99.(in Chinese)]
[11]邓昌州,姜吉生,张玉敏,等.哈尔滨市及周边地区地下水易污性评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(4):135-139.[DENG J Z,JIANG J S,ZHANGY M,et al.Assessment of the groundwatervulnerability in Harbin and the vicinity[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2011,38(4):135-139.(in Chinese)]
[12]范琦,王贵玲,蔺文静,等.地下水脆弱性评价方法的探讨及实例[J].水利学报,2007,38(5):601-605.[FAN Q,WANG G L,LIAN W J,et al.New method for evaluating the vulnerability ofgroundwater[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(5):601-605.(in Chinese)]
[13]孟宪萌,田富强,胡和平.越流区承压含水层特殊脆弱性评价模型[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2010,50(6):844-847.[MENG X M,TIANF Q,HU H P.Specific vulnerability assessmentmodel for the confined aquifer in a leakage area[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science andTechnology),2010,50(6):844-847.(in Chinese)]
[14]孟宪萌.基于过程模拟的越流区承压含水层脆弱性评价研究[D].北京:清华大学,2010.[MENGX M.Study on process based assessment method forthe confined aquifer vulnerability in leakage area[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2010.(inChinese)]
[15]Bear J.Hydraulics of groundwater[M].McGraw-Hill,1979.
[16]薛禹群.地下水动力学原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1986.[XUE Y Q.Theory of groundwaterdynamics[M].Beijing:Geological Press,1986.(inChinese)]
[17]胡嗣柱,倪光炯.数学物理方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.[HU S Z,NI G J.Mathematicaland physical method[M].Beijing:Higher EducationPress,1986.(in Chinese)]
[18]Meng X M,Tian F Q,Hu H P.Groundwatervulnerability assessment of confined aquifer:casestudy Jining,China[C]//Proceeding of 4thConference of Asia Pacific Assiciation of Hydrologyand Water Resources,Beijing,2008.