基于COMSOL Multiphysics的长白山天池多物理场耦合响应研究
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摘要
采用COMSOL Multiphysics建立长白山天池2D多物理场模型,模拟长白山天池流场、自然电位分布及其磁场响应.研究结果表明:天池和大气降水入渗补给地下水,地下水在重力作用下向下流动时,产生电位差,形成自然电场,进而产生磁场.在火山通道外侧,电流密度方向由地表指向地下,通道周边地区磁通量密度呈现高值;在火山通道/断层破碎带内,向下运移的地下水遇到致密岩体后向上补给天池或涌出地表成泉,该过程产生向上运移的电流,电流密度方向由地下指向地表,磁通量密度呈现低值.研究长白山天池多物理场响应,有助于进一步理解长白山天池地区地下水循环过程及电磁异常出现的机理,亦可用于指导火山地区勘查、监测与开发.
2D Multiphysics field was modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the response of flow field,self-potential and magnetic field around Tianchi lake of Changbaishan volcano.The results showed that groundwater was recharged by infiltration of the Tianchi lake and atmospheric precipitation,and the flow of groundwater driven by gravity generated the potential difference,which initiated natural electric field and the corresponding magnetic field.Outside of the volcanic channel/fault,the direction of the current density was from the surface to the underground,and the magnetic flux density was high.Inside the volcanic channel/fault,the groundwater flowed down to the rock mass then flowed upward to recharge the Tianchi lake or become hot spring,this process produced an upward current and the direction of this current density was from underground to surface,and the magnetic flux density was low.This tudy on the response characteristics of multiphysical field is helpful to further understand the process of groundwater circulation and the mechanism of electromagnetic anomalies around Tianchi lake of Changbaishan volcano,it also can be used to guide exploration,monitoring and development of the volcanic region.
2D Multiphysics field was modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the response of flow field,self-potential and magnetic field around Tianchi lake of Changbaishan volcano.The results showed that groundwater was recharged by infiltration of the Tianchi lake and atmospheric precipitation,and the flow of groundwater driven by gravity generated the potential difference,which initiated natural electric field and the corresponding magnetic field.Outside of the volcanic channel/fault,the direction of the current density was from the surface to the underground,and the magnetic flux density was high.Inside the volcanic channel/fault,the groundwater flowed down to the rock mass then flowed upward to recharge the Tianchi lake or become hot spring,this process produced an upward current and the direction of this current density was from underground to surface,and the magnetic flux density was low.This tudy on the response characteristics of multiphysical field is helpful to further understand the process of groundwater circulation and the mechanism of electromagnetic anomalies around Tianchi lake of Changbaishan volcano,it also can be used to guide exploration,monitoring and development of the volcanic region.
引文
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Aizawa K,Yoshimura R,Oshiman N,et al.2005.Hydrothermal system beneath Mt.Fuji volcano inferred from magnetotellurics and electric self-potential[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,235(1-2):343-355.
Bennati L,Finizola A,Walker J A,et al.2011.Fluid circulation in a complex volcano-tectonic setting,inferred from self-potential and soil CO2flux surveys:The Santa María-Cerro Quemado-Zunil volcanoes and Xela caldera(Northwestern Guatemala)[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,199(3-4):216-229.
Cheng X,Chen Z A,Bai W M.2014.A numerical simulation of magma migration in crust fracture-an application to Changbaishan Tianchi volcano[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(5):1522-1533,doi:10.6038/cjg20140516.
Del Negro C,Currenti G,Napoli R,et al.2004.Volcanomagnetic changes accompanying the onset of the 2002-2003 eruption of Mt.Etna(Italy)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,229(1-2):1-14.
Finizola A,Lénat J F,Macedo O,et al.2004.Fluid circulation and structural discontinuities inside Misti volcano(Peru)inferred from self-potential measurements[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,135(4):343-360.
Friedel S,Byrdina S,Jacobs F,et al.2004.Self-potential and ground temperature at Merapi volcano prior to its crisis in the rainy season of2000-2001[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,134(3):149-168.
Guo L C,Ma S Z,Zhang Y S.1996.Research on“Magma Chamber”of Changbai mountain volcano by means of seismic tomography[J].CTTheory and Applications(in Chinese),5(1):47-52.
Li J M.2005.Geoelectric Field and Electrical Exploration(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Ma M Z,Zhang X K,Hou L P.1996.Volcanic earthquake types and distributior at Tianchi,Changbai Shan[J].Seismological and Geomangnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),17(6):39-44.
Ming Y H,Wu J P,Fang L H,et al.2009.Volcanic seismic signals and tremor source models[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(2):382-390.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.003.
Qiu G G,Pei F G,Fang H,et al.2014.Analysis of magma chamber at the Tianchi volcano area in Changbai mountain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(10):3466-3477,doi:10.6038/cjg20141032.
Saad Y,Schultz M H.1986.GMRES:A generalized minimal residual algorithm for solving nonsymmetric linear system[J].Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing,7(3):856-869.
Shangguan Z G,Sun M L.1996.Mantle-derived rare-gas releasing features at the Tianchi volcanic area,Changbaishan Mountains[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,42(9):768-771.
Sill W R.1983.Self-potential modeling from primary flows[J].Geophysics,48(1):76-86.
Tang J,Liu T S,Jiang Z,et al.1997.Preliminary observations of the Tianchi volcano area in Changbaishan Mountain by MT method[J].Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),19(2):164-170.
Titov K,Revil A,Konosavsky P,et al.2005.Numerical modelling of self-potential signals associated with a pumping test experiment[J].Geophysical Journal International,162(2):641-650.
Tort A,Finizola A.2005.The buried caldera of Misti volcano,Peru,revealed by combining a self-potential survey with elliptic Fourier function analysis of topography[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,141(3-4):283-297.
Yang Z X,Zhang X K,Zhao J R,et al.2005.Tomographic imaging of3-D crustal structure beneath Changbaishan-Tianchi volcano region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),48(1):107-115,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.01.016.
Yasukawa K,Mogi T,Widarto D,et al.2003.Numerical modeling of a hydrothermal system around Waita volcano,Kyushu,Japan,based on resistivity and self-potential survey results[J].Geothermics,32(1):21-46.
Zhang G B,Aubert M,Qi J L.1996.Inversion of a two-dimensional self-potential anomaly in volcanic area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),39(6):835-844.
Zhao Y S,Wang R F,Hu Y Q,et al.2002.3D numerical simulation for coupled THM of rock matrix-fractured media in heat extraction in HDR[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),21(12):1751-1755.
程旭,陈祖安,白武明.2014.地壳中岩浆沿已有断层运移的数值模拟---在长白山天池火山的应用[J].地球物理学报,57(5):1522-1533,doi:10.6038/cjg20140516.
郭履灿,马石庄,张禹慎.1996.应用地震CT技术研究长白山火山的岩浆囊[J].CT理论与应用研究,5(1):47-52.
李金铭.2005.地电场与电法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社.
刘国兴.2005.电法勘探原理与方法[M].北京:地质出版社.
马明志,张兴科,侯立平.1996.长白山天池火山地震类型与地震分布[J].地震地磁观测与研究,17(6):39-44.
明跃红,吴建平,房立华,等.2009.火山地震信号和火山颤动震源模型[J].地球物理学进展,24(2):382-390.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.003.
仇根根,裴发根,方慧,等.2014.长白山天池火山岩浆系统分析[J].地球物理学报,57(10):3466-3477,doi:10.6038/cjg20141032.
上官志冠,孙明良.1996.长白山天池火山区幔源稀有气体释放特征[J].科学通报,41(18):1695-1698.
汤吉,刘铁胜,江钊,等.1997.长白山天池火山区大地电磁测深初步观测[J].地震地质,19(2):164-170.
薛禹群.1997.地下水动力学[M].北京:地质出版社.
杨卓欣,张先康,赵金仁,等.2005.长白山天池火山区三维地壳结构层析成像[J].地球物理学报,48(1):107-115,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.01.016.
张贵宾,Aubert M,齐剑玲.1996.火山地区二维自然电位异常反演[J].地球物理学报,39(6):835-844.
赵凯华,陈熙谋.2003.电磁学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
赵阳升,王瑞凤,胡耀青,等.2002.高温岩体地热开发的块裂介质固流热耦合三维数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,21(12):1751-1755.
Zimmerman W B J,中仿科技公司.2007.Comsol Multiphysics有限元法多物理场建模与分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社.
Aizawa K,Yoshimura R,Oshiman N,et al.2005.Hydrothermal system beneath Mt.Fuji volcano inferred from magnetotellurics and electric self-potential[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,235(1-2):343-355.
Bennati L,Finizola A,Walker J A,et al.2011.Fluid circulation in a complex volcano-tectonic setting,inferred from self-potential and soil CO2flux surveys:The Santa María-Cerro Quemado-Zunil volcanoes and Xela caldera(Northwestern Guatemala)[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,199(3-4):216-229.
Cheng X,Chen Z A,Bai W M.2014.A numerical simulation of magma migration in crust fracture-an application to Changbaishan Tianchi volcano[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(5):1522-1533,doi:10.6038/cjg20140516.
Del Negro C,Currenti G,Napoli R,et al.2004.Volcanomagnetic changes accompanying the onset of the 2002-2003 eruption of Mt.Etna(Italy)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,229(1-2):1-14.
Finizola A,Lénat J F,Macedo O,et al.2004.Fluid circulation and structural discontinuities inside Misti volcano(Peru)inferred from self-potential measurements[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,135(4):343-360.
Friedel S,Byrdina S,Jacobs F,et al.2004.Self-potential and ground temperature at Merapi volcano prior to its crisis in the rainy season of2000-2001[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,134(3):149-168.
Guo L C,Ma S Z,Zhang Y S.1996.Research on“Magma Chamber”of Changbai mountain volcano by means of seismic tomography[J].CTTheory and Applications(in Chinese),5(1):47-52.
Li J M.2005.Geoelectric Field and Electrical Exploration(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Ma M Z,Zhang X K,Hou L P.1996.Volcanic earthquake types and distributior at Tianchi,Changbai Shan[J].Seismological and Geomangnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),17(6):39-44.
Ming Y H,Wu J P,Fang L H,et al.2009.Volcanic seismic signals and tremor source models[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(2):382-390.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.003.
Qiu G G,Pei F G,Fang H,et al.2014.Analysis of magma chamber at the Tianchi volcano area in Changbai mountain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(10):3466-3477,doi:10.6038/cjg20141032.
Saad Y,Schultz M H.1986.GMRES:A generalized minimal residual algorithm for solving nonsymmetric linear system[J].Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing,7(3):856-869.
Shangguan Z G,Sun M L.1996.Mantle-derived rare-gas releasing features at the Tianchi volcanic area,Changbaishan Mountains[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,42(9):768-771.
Sill W R.1983.Self-potential modeling from primary flows[J].Geophysics,48(1):76-86.
Tang J,Liu T S,Jiang Z,et al.1997.Preliminary observations of the Tianchi volcano area in Changbaishan Mountain by MT method[J].Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),19(2):164-170.
Titov K,Revil A,Konosavsky P,et al.2005.Numerical modelling of self-potential signals associated with a pumping test experiment[J].Geophysical Journal International,162(2):641-650.
Tort A,Finizola A.2005.The buried caldera of Misti volcano,Peru,revealed by combining a self-potential survey with elliptic Fourier function analysis of topography[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,141(3-4):283-297.
Yang Z X,Zhang X K,Zhao J R,et al.2005.Tomographic imaging of3-D crustal structure beneath Changbaishan-Tianchi volcano region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),48(1):107-115,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.01.016.
Yasukawa K,Mogi T,Widarto D,et al.2003.Numerical modeling of a hydrothermal system around Waita volcano,Kyushu,Japan,based on resistivity and self-potential survey results[J].Geothermics,32(1):21-46.
Zhang G B,Aubert M,Qi J L.1996.Inversion of a two-dimensional self-potential anomaly in volcanic area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),39(6):835-844.
Zhao Y S,Wang R F,Hu Y Q,et al.2002.3D numerical simulation for coupled THM of rock matrix-fractured media in heat extraction in HDR[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering(in Chinese),21(12):1751-1755.
程旭,陈祖安,白武明.2014.地壳中岩浆沿已有断层运移的数值模拟---在长白山天池火山的应用[J].地球物理学报,57(5):1522-1533,doi:10.6038/cjg20140516.
郭履灿,马石庄,张禹慎.1996.应用地震CT技术研究长白山火山的岩浆囊[J].CT理论与应用研究,5(1):47-52.
李金铭.2005.地电场与电法勘探[M].北京:地质出版社.
刘国兴.2005.电法勘探原理与方法[M].北京:地质出版社.
马明志,张兴科,侯立平.1996.长白山天池火山地震类型与地震分布[J].地震地磁观测与研究,17(6):39-44.
明跃红,吴建平,房立华,等.2009.火山地震信号和火山颤动震源模型[J].地球物理学进展,24(2):382-390.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.02.003.
仇根根,裴发根,方慧,等.2014.长白山天池火山岩浆系统分析[J].地球物理学报,57(10):3466-3477,doi:10.6038/cjg20141032.
上官志冠,孙明良.1996.长白山天池火山区幔源稀有气体释放特征[J].科学通报,41(18):1695-1698.
汤吉,刘铁胜,江钊,等.1997.长白山天池火山区大地电磁测深初步观测[J].地震地质,19(2):164-170.
薛禹群.1997.地下水动力学[M].北京:地质出版社.
杨卓欣,张先康,赵金仁,等.2005.长白山天池火山区三维地壳结构层析成像[J].地球物理学报,48(1):107-115,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.01.016.
张贵宾,Aubert M,齐剑玲.1996.火山地区二维自然电位异常反演[J].地球物理学报,39(6):835-844.
赵凯华,陈熙谋.2003.电磁学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
赵阳升,王瑞凤,胡耀青,等.2002.高温岩体地热开发的块裂介质固流热耦合三维数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,21(12):1751-1755.
Zimmerman W B J,中仿科技公司.2007.Comsol Multiphysics有限元法多物理场建模与分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社.