长白山天池火山泥石流展布特征及其灾害研究
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摘要
长白山天池火山是我国最具灾害性喷发危险的活动火山,火山泥石流是最致命的火山灾害之一.本文根据距离火山口远近不同堆积物所展现的不同特征,基于野外实地调查的剖面,系统阐述了长白山天池火山千年大喷发形成的泥石流的物源、堆积方式及分布特征,探讨了火山泥石流的成因和灾害规模.通过对千年前火山爆发的分析,初步预测并划分了火山泥石流灾害的高、低危险区,并利用ERDAS软件对火山爆发造成的天池水下泻灾害(包括下泻的出水口及下泻流量)进行了预测,为本地区的防灾减灾提供科学依据.
The Tianchi in Changbai Mountains is an active volcano with the most disastrous eruption dangers in China.Its mudflow is one of the most deadly volcanic hazards.The provenance of mudflow formed by the eruption about 1000 years ago,accumulation mode and distribution characteristics,as well as the causes and scales of volcanic mudflow disaster,are systematically expounded on the basis of various deposits at different distances from the caldera,and the profiles by field survey.A preliminary prediction and division of high and low danger zones of volcanic mudflow disasters are made by analysis on the 1 ka volcanic eruption.The ERDAS software is used to predict the water rushing down disaster caused by volcanic eruption,including the outlet and water flow.This study provides a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation in the region.
The Tianchi in Changbai Mountains is an active volcano with the most disastrous eruption dangers in China.Its mudflow is one of the most deadly volcanic hazards.The provenance of mudflow formed by the eruption about 1000 years ago,accumulation mode and distribution characteristics,as well as the causes and scales of volcanic mudflow disaster,are systematically expounded on the basis of various deposits at different distances from the caldera,and the profiles by field survey.A preliminary prediction and division of high and low danger zones of volcanic mudflow disasters are made by analysis on the 1 ka volcanic eruption.The ERDAS software is used to predict the water rushing down disaster caused by volcanic eruption,including the outlet and water flow.This study provides a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation in the region.
引文
[1]刘嘉麒.中国火山[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:89-146.
[2]许建东.我国火山灾害的主要类型及火山灾害区划图编制现状探讨[J].震灾防御技术,2006,1(3):266-272.
[3]刘祥,向天元.中国东北地区新生代火山和火山碎屑堆积物资源与灾害[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,1997:73-105.
[4]刘祥,隋维国.长白山火山1000年前火山泥流堆积及其灾害[J].长春科技大学学报,2000,30(1):14-17.
[5]魏海泉,金伯禄,刘永顺.长白山天池火山地质学研究的若干进展与灾害分析[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(4):305-312.
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[7]刘若新,魏海泉.长白山天池火山近代喷发[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:57-86.
[8]刘若新,魏海泉,李维泰,等.长白山天池火山[C]//刘若新,编.火山作用与人类环境.北京:地震出版社,1995:25-63.
[9]金伯录,张希友.长白山火山地质研究[M].延吉:东北朝鲜民族教育出版社,1994:55-67.
[10]聂保锋,刘永顺,彭年,等.长白山天池火山泥石流分布特征及其形成模式研究[J].首都师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,30(1):70-75.
[11]Machida H,et al.Geographical Reports of Tokyo Metropolitan University,No.25,1990.
[12]刘若新,李继泰,魏海泉,等.长白山天池火山——一座具潜在喷发危险的近代火山[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(5):28-33.
[13]李继泰.长白山天池火山活动性问题探讨[C]//卢造勋,编.发展中的地震科学研究.北京:地震出版社,1995:33-75.
[14]崔钟燮,魏海泉,刘若新.长白山天池火山喷发历史记录[C]//刘若新,编.火山作用与人类环境.北京:地震出版社,1995:6-26.
[15]杨清福,李继泰,刘若新,等.长白山天池火山公元750—960年浮岩流搬运与堆积的物理机制[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1996,17(6):56-63.
[16]刘永顺,聂保锋,孙善平,等.长白山天池火山气象站期晚期碱流质熔岩的岩石学研究[J].现代地质,2007,21(2):296-306.
[17]刘若新.火山作用与人类环境[M].地震出版社,1995:40-58.
[18]李继泰.长白山火山灾害研究概观[J].东北地震研究,1998,14(2):59-66.
[19]李春风,吕纪宁,王军亮,等.长白山天池火山的危险性和火山碎屑流灾害研究[J].东北地震研究,1999,15(3):64-73.
[20]杨清福,刘若新,魏海泉,等.长白山天池火山减灾对策初探[J].地震研究,2003,26(2):183-190.
[21]刘嘉麒,郭正府,刘强.火山灾害与监测[J].第四纪研究,1999(5):414-422.
[22]WEI Hai-quan,HONG Han-jing,Sparks R S J.Potential hazards of eruptions around the Tianchi caldera lake,China[J].Journal of the Geological Society of China,2004,78(3):790-793.
[23]刘若新,魏海泉,仇士华,等.长白山天池火山最近一次大喷发年代研究及其意义[J].中国科学:D辑,1997(5):437-441.
[24]冯雨林,杨佳佳,蔡贺,等.基于3D影像模型的长白山天池地质灾害现状与潜在危害分析[J].地质与资源,2016,25(4):396-399.
[2]许建东.我国火山灾害的主要类型及火山灾害区划图编制现状探讨[J].震灾防御技术,2006,1(3):266-272.
[3]刘祥,向天元.中国东北地区新生代火山和火山碎屑堆积物资源与灾害[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,1997:73-105.
[4]刘祥,隋维国.长白山火山1000年前火山泥流堆积及其灾害[J].长春科技大学学报,2000,30(1):14-17.
[5]魏海泉,金伯禄,刘永顺.长白山天池火山地质学研究的若干进展与灾害分析[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(4):305-312.
[6]金伯禄,张希友.长白山火山地质[M].延吉:东北朝鲜民族教育出版社,1994:36-70.
[7]刘若新,魏海泉.长白山天池火山近代喷发[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:57-86.
[8]刘若新,魏海泉,李维泰,等.长白山天池火山[C]//刘若新,编.火山作用与人类环境.北京:地震出版社,1995:25-63.
[9]金伯录,张希友.长白山火山地质研究[M].延吉:东北朝鲜民族教育出版社,1994:55-67.
[10]聂保锋,刘永顺,彭年,等.长白山天池火山泥石流分布特征及其形成模式研究[J].首都师范大学学报:自然科学版,2009,30(1):70-75.
[11]Machida H,et al.Geographical Reports of Tokyo Metropolitan University,No.25,1990.
[12]刘若新,李继泰,魏海泉,等.长白山天池火山——一座具潜在喷发危险的近代火山[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(5):28-33.
[13]李继泰.长白山天池火山活动性问题探讨[C]//卢造勋,编.发展中的地震科学研究.北京:地震出版社,1995:33-75.
[14]崔钟燮,魏海泉,刘若新.长白山天池火山喷发历史记录[C]//刘若新,编.火山作用与人类环境.北京:地震出版社,1995:6-26.
[15]杨清福,李继泰,刘若新,等.长白山天池火山公元750—960年浮岩流搬运与堆积的物理机制[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1996,17(6):56-63.
[16]刘永顺,聂保锋,孙善平,等.长白山天池火山气象站期晚期碱流质熔岩的岩石学研究[J].现代地质,2007,21(2):296-306.
[17]刘若新.火山作用与人类环境[M].地震出版社,1995:40-58.
[18]李继泰.长白山火山灾害研究概观[J].东北地震研究,1998,14(2):59-66.
[19]李春风,吕纪宁,王军亮,等.长白山天池火山的危险性和火山碎屑流灾害研究[J].东北地震研究,1999,15(3):64-73.
[20]杨清福,刘若新,魏海泉,等.长白山天池火山减灾对策初探[J].地震研究,2003,26(2):183-190.
[21]刘嘉麒,郭正府,刘强.火山灾害与监测[J].第四纪研究,1999(5):414-422.
[22]WEI Hai-quan,HONG Han-jing,Sparks R S J.Potential hazards of eruptions around the Tianchi caldera lake,China[J].Journal of the Geological Society of China,2004,78(3):790-793.
[23]刘若新,魏海泉,仇士华,等.长白山天池火山最近一次大喷发年代研究及其意义[J].中国科学:D辑,1997(5):437-441.
[24]冯雨林,杨佳佳,蔡贺,等.基于3D影像模型的长白山天池地质灾害现状与潜在危害分析[J].地质与资源,2016,25(4):396-399.