基于背压小汽轮机方案的大型燃煤电站供热改造
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摘要
通过对国内供热改造技术现状的对比分析,选出背压小汽轮机供热改造方案作为靖远第二发电有限公司7号、8号机组供热改造方案。从7号、8号机组中低压联通管抽汽,一部分进入背压小汽轮机带动发电机发电,排汽分别进入2台前置加热器,将热网循环水加热至95℃;另一部分进入尖峰加热器,进一步将热网循环水加热至130℃来对外供暖。在非采暖期可以将供热系统解列,停止从主汽轮机中低压连通管抽汽,主汽轮机恢复纯凝工况运行。结果表明,在近期采暖负荷为107.2MW,采暖期为150天的条件下,供热改造后,年总供热量为1 389 826 GJ,年总节约标准煤量为36 068.7 t,CO2、SO2、NOx、年烟尘减排量分别为144007.6、167.7、196.6、196.4t。实际投产后的运行情况证明:背压小汽轮机供热改造方案系统清晰且运行稳定,节能减排收益可观,同时可以有效降低厂用电率,提高电厂发电上网量,为电厂创造了可观的效益;背压小汽轮机供热改造方案技术已成熟,在北方存在稳定采暖热负荷的城市值得推广。
Based on comparative analysis on domestic heating retrofit technologies, the heating retrofit scheme of small back-pressure turbine was selected as the heating retrofit scheme for No.7 and No.8 unit of Jingyuan Second Power Co., Ltd.. In this scheme, the heating steam is extracted from the connection pipe between the medium and the low pressure cylinder of the No.7 and No.8 steam turbine generator unit. Part of the steam is sent into the back-pressure steam turbine generators to produce electricity, and the exhaust steam is sent into two primary heaters to heat the circulating water to 95 ℃. The other part of the steam is sent into the peak-load heaters to further heat the circulating water to 130 ℃ so as to supply heat. In the non-heating period, the heating system can be decomposed, and the extraction of steam from connection pipe of the main steam turbine can be stopped.The result shows that, under the condition with heating load of 107.2 MW and heating period of 150 days, after the heating retrofit project was carried out, the annual total heating supply is 1 389 826 GJ, the total reduction of standard coal consumption is 36 068.7 t/a, the reduction of CO2, SO2, NOx and dust emissions is 144 007.6 t/a,167.7 t/a, 196.6 t/a and 196.4 t/a, respectively. The actual operation situation proves that, the small back-pressure turbine heating retrofit scheme, of which the system is clear and can stably operate, the energy conservation and emissions reduction of the project are profitable. Additionally, it can effectively reduce the auxiliary power consumption rate and increase the on-grid energy, which creates objective benefit for power plants. It is confirmed that the heating retrofit scheme technology of small back-pressure turbine is mature, and it is worth promoting in cities with stable heating load in North China.
Based on comparative analysis on domestic heating retrofit technologies, the heating retrofit scheme of small back-pressure turbine was selected as the heating retrofit scheme for No.7 and No.8 unit of Jingyuan Second Power Co., Ltd.. In this scheme, the heating steam is extracted from the connection pipe between the medium and the low pressure cylinder of the No.7 and No.8 steam turbine generator unit. Part of the steam is sent into the back-pressure steam turbine generators to produce electricity, and the exhaust steam is sent into two primary heaters to heat the circulating water to 95 ℃. The other part of the steam is sent into the peak-load heaters to further heat the circulating water to 130 ℃ so as to supply heat. In the non-heating period, the heating system can be decomposed, and the extraction of steam from connection pipe of the main steam turbine can be stopped.The result shows that, under the condition with heating load of 107.2 MW and heating period of 150 days, after the heating retrofit project was carried out, the annual total heating supply is 1 389 826 GJ, the total reduction of standard coal consumption is 36 068.7 t/a, the reduction of CO2, SO2, NOx and dust emissions is 144 007.6 t/a,167.7 t/a, 196.6 t/a and 196.4 t/a, respectively. The actual operation situation proves that, the small back-pressure turbine heating retrofit scheme, of which the system is clear and can stably operate, the energy conservation and emissions reduction of the project are profitable. Additionally, it can effectively reduce the auxiliary power consumption rate and increase the on-grid energy, which creates objective benefit for power plants. It is confirmed that the heating retrofit scheme technology of small back-pressure turbine is mature, and it is worth promoting in cities with stable heating load in North China.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会,国家能源局,中华人民共和国财政部,等.热电联产管理办法[Z/OL].[2018-07-16].http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zc fb/zcfbtz/201604/t20160418_798342.html.National Development and Reform Commission,National Energy Administration,Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China.Measures for the management of combined heat and power[Z].[2018-07-16].http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201604/t20160418_798342.html.
[2]国家发展改革委.关于印发《煤电节能减排升级与改造行动计划(2014-2020年)》的通知:发改能源[2014]2093号[A/OL].(2014-9-12)[2018-07-16].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/gwy/201409/t20140925_289556.htm.National Development and Reform Commission.Notifications of printing and distributing Action plan for upgrading and reforming energy conservation and emissions reduction of coal power:National Development and Reform Commission[2014]Reference No.2093[A/OL].(2014-9-12)[2018-07-16].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/gwy/201409/t20140925_289556.htm.
[3]戈志华,杨佳霖,何坚忍,等.大型纯凝汽轮机供热改造节能研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(17):25-30.GE Zhihua,YANG Jialin,HE Jianren,et al.Energy saving research of heating retrofitting for large scale condensing turbine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(17):25-30.
[4]胡军.300 MW纯凝机组供热改造[J].山东电力技术,2010(4):53-54.HU Jun.The application for 300 MW co-generation power unit reconstructed from pure condensing one[J].Shandong Electric Power,2010(4):53-54.
[5]王明军.利用汽轮机进行供热的方法探究[J].热力透平,2014,43(2):124-126.WANG Mingjun.Investigation of heating supply by using steam turbine[J].Thermal Turbine,2014,43(2):124-126.
[6]张学镭,陈海平.回收循环水余热的热泵供热系统热力性能分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(8):1-8.ZHANG Xuelei,CHEN Haiping.Thermodynamic analysis of heat pump heating supply systems with circulating water heat recovery[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(8):1-8.
[7]周贤,许世森,史绍平,等.回收余热的热电联产IGCC电站研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(增刊1):100-104.ZHOU Xian,XU Shisen,SHI Shaoping,et al.Study on heat and power cogeneration IGCC plant with waste heat recovery[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(Suppl.1):100-104.
[8]孙健,付林,张世刚.国内外吸收式热泵强化传热传质研究综述[J].制冷空调,2010,10(2):7-10.SUN Jian,FU Lin,ZHANG Shigang.Review of enhancement of heat and mass transfer in absorption heat pump at home and abroad[J].Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning,2010,10(2):7-10.
[9]吕炜,陈晓峰,左川.循环水余热利用在火力发电厂的应用[J].华北电力技术,2011(11):27-28.LV Wei,CHEN Xiaofeng,ZUO Chuan.Utilization of recycled water waste heat in thermal power plant[J].North China Electric Power,2011(11):27-28.
[10]戈志华,孙诗梦,万燕,等.大型汽轮机高背压供热改造适用性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3216-3222.GE Zhihua,SUN Shimeng,WAN Yan,et al.Applicability analysis of high back-pressure heating retrofit for large-scale steam turbine unit[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3216-3222.
[11]石德静,姜维军.300 MW汽轮机高背压循环水供热技术研究及应用[J].山东电力技术,2015,42(4):8-11.SHI Dejing,JIANG Weijun.Circulating water heating technology for 300 MW steam turbine with high back-pressure[J].Shandong Electric Power,2015,42(4):8-11.
[12]张攀,杨涛,杜旭,等.直接空冷机组高背压供热技术经济性分析[J].汽轮机技术,2014,56(3):209-212.ZHANG Pan,YANG Tao,DU Xu,et al.The economy analysis of the high back pressure heating technology on direct air-colled unit[J].Turbine Technology,2014,56(3):209-212.
[13]邵建明,陈鹏帅,周勇.300 MW湿冷汽轮机双转子互换高背压供热改造应用[J].能源研究与信息,2014,30(2):100-103.SHAO Jianming,CHEN Pengshuai,ZHOU Yong.An application of double-rotor interchange technology in the retrofit for a high back pressure heat supply system with300 MW condensing turbine[J].Energy Research and Information,2014,30(2):100-103.
[14]何坚忍,徐大懋.节能增效的NCB新型专用供热机[J].热电技术,2009(3):1-4.HE Jianren,XU Damao.NCB model for energy efficiency of heating machine[J].Thermoelectric Technology,2009(3):1-4.
[15]闫森,王伟芳,蒋浦宁.300 MW汽轮机供热改造双低压转子互换技术应用[J].热力透平,2015,44(1):10-12.YAN Sen,WANG Weifang,JIANG Puning.Application of double LP rotor interchangeable technology for heating improving in 300 MW steam turbines[J].Thermal Turbine,2015,44(1):10-12.
[2]国家发展改革委.关于印发《煤电节能减排升级与改造行动计划(2014-2020年)》的通知:发改能源[2014]2093号[A/OL].(2014-9-12)[2018-07-16].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/gwy/201409/t20140925_289556.htm.National Development and Reform Commission.Notifications of printing and distributing Action plan for upgrading and reforming energy conservation and emissions reduction of coal power:National Development and Reform Commission[2014]Reference No.2093[A/OL].(2014-9-12)[2018-07-16].http://www.zhb.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/gwy/201409/t20140925_289556.htm.
[3]戈志华,杨佳霖,何坚忍,等.大型纯凝汽轮机供热改造节能研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(17):25-30.GE Zhihua,YANG Jialin,HE Jianren,et al.Energy saving research of heating retrofitting for large scale condensing turbine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(17):25-30.
[4]胡军.300 MW纯凝机组供热改造[J].山东电力技术,2010(4):53-54.HU Jun.The application for 300 MW co-generation power unit reconstructed from pure condensing one[J].Shandong Electric Power,2010(4):53-54.
[5]王明军.利用汽轮机进行供热的方法探究[J].热力透平,2014,43(2):124-126.WANG Mingjun.Investigation of heating supply by using steam turbine[J].Thermal Turbine,2014,43(2):124-126.
[6]张学镭,陈海平.回收循环水余热的热泵供热系统热力性能分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(8):1-8.ZHANG Xuelei,CHEN Haiping.Thermodynamic analysis of heat pump heating supply systems with circulating water heat recovery[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(8):1-8.
[7]周贤,许世森,史绍平,等.回收余热的热电联产IGCC电站研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(增刊1):100-104.ZHOU Xian,XU Shisen,SHI Shaoping,et al.Study on heat and power cogeneration IGCC plant with waste heat recovery[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(Suppl.1):100-104.
[8]孙健,付林,张世刚.国内外吸收式热泵强化传热传质研究综述[J].制冷空调,2010,10(2):7-10.SUN Jian,FU Lin,ZHANG Shigang.Review of enhancement of heat and mass transfer in absorption heat pump at home and abroad[J].Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning,2010,10(2):7-10.
[9]吕炜,陈晓峰,左川.循环水余热利用在火力发电厂的应用[J].华北电力技术,2011(11):27-28.LV Wei,CHEN Xiaofeng,ZUO Chuan.Utilization of recycled water waste heat in thermal power plant[J].North China Electric Power,2011(11):27-28.
[10]戈志华,孙诗梦,万燕,等.大型汽轮机高背压供热改造适用性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(11):3216-3222.GE Zhihua,SUN Shimeng,WAN Yan,et al.Applicability analysis of high back-pressure heating retrofit for large-scale steam turbine unit[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(11):3216-3222.
[11]石德静,姜维军.300 MW汽轮机高背压循环水供热技术研究及应用[J].山东电力技术,2015,42(4):8-11.SHI Dejing,JIANG Weijun.Circulating water heating technology for 300 MW steam turbine with high back-pressure[J].Shandong Electric Power,2015,42(4):8-11.
[12]张攀,杨涛,杜旭,等.直接空冷机组高背压供热技术经济性分析[J].汽轮机技术,2014,56(3):209-212.ZHANG Pan,YANG Tao,DU Xu,et al.The economy analysis of the high back pressure heating technology on direct air-colled unit[J].Turbine Technology,2014,56(3):209-212.
[13]邵建明,陈鹏帅,周勇.300 MW湿冷汽轮机双转子互换高背压供热改造应用[J].能源研究与信息,2014,30(2):100-103.SHAO Jianming,CHEN Pengshuai,ZHOU Yong.An application of double-rotor interchange technology in the retrofit for a high back pressure heat supply system with300 MW condensing turbine[J].Energy Research and Information,2014,30(2):100-103.
[14]何坚忍,徐大懋.节能增效的NCB新型专用供热机[J].热电技术,2009(3):1-4.HE Jianren,XU Damao.NCB model for energy efficiency of heating machine[J].Thermoelectric Technology,2009(3):1-4.
[15]闫森,王伟芳,蒋浦宁.300 MW汽轮机供热改造双低压转子互换技术应用[J].热力透平,2015,44(1):10-12.YAN Sen,WANG Weifang,JIANG Puning.Application of double LP rotor interchangeable technology for heating improving in 300 MW steam turbines[J].Thermal Turbine,2015,44(1):10-12.
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