煤矿井孔钻进技术及发展
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摘要
针对井孔施工对于矿井建设、开拓准备和煤炭开采的安全及效率的重要性,对煤矿的井筒和钻孔进行了分类,将人员能够下井施工的定义为井或井筒,将只能采用机械钻进的定义为孔。根据钻孔的不同用途分为勘探、爆破、工程、工程辅助、安全及抢险等类型,对井孔的钻进破岩、排渣、临时支护、永久支护以及偏斜控制等工艺进行分析,论述了冲击、刮削、截割和挤压等不同的破岩方法及适用条件,各种类型的排渣方式、泥浆护壁及跟管钻进等临时支护,套管及井壁等永久支护形式及安装方法,对于大直径井筒钻进采用的钟摆降斜,小直径钻孔的钻孔随钻测量及螺杆钻具纠偏等作了说明。从破岩方式变革、智能轨迹控制、无人化钻井装备及柔性能量传递技术等方面,提出了钻进技术发展方向。
Construction of boreholes is very important for the shaft construction,preparation of development roadway construction and the safety and efficiency of coal mining. So we classify the boreholes in coal mines: those within which worker can carry out underground construction are called wells or shafts,while those which can only be drilled using machines are boreholes. According to their purposes,boreholes can be divided into those for exploration,blast,engineering,engineering-aided,safety and rescue. In addition,the processes of drilling and rock breaking,slag discharge,temporary support,permanent support and deflection control are analyzed. Various rock breaking methods including impact,scraping,cutting,and extrusion methods and their applicable conditions,as well as various slag discharging methods,slurry protecting wall,and temporary supports including drilling with simultaneous casing,permanent supports and the corresponding installation methods including casing and borehole wall are discussed. Then,the swing pendulum angle-drop in large-diameter wellbore drilling,and the measurement while-drilling and the rectification of screw drilling tools in small-diameter wellbore drilling are illustrated. Finally,we forecast the development direction of the drilling technology from the aspects of innovative rock breaking modes,intelligent trajectory control,unmanned drilling equipment,and flexible energy transfer technique.
Construction of boreholes is very important for the shaft construction,preparation of development roadway construction and the safety and efficiency of coal mining. So we classify the boreholes in coal mines: those within which worker can carry out underground construction are called wells or shafts,while those which can only be drilled using machines are boreholes. According to their purposes,boreholes can be divided into those for exploration,blast,engineering,engineering-aided,safety and rescue. In addition,the processes of drilling and rock breaking,slag discharge,temporary support,permanent support and deflection control are analyzed. Various rock breaking methods including impact,scraping,cutting,and extrusion methods and their applicable conditions,as well as various slag discharging methods,slurry protecting wall,and temporary supports including drilling with simultaneous casing,permanent supports and the corresponding installation methods including casing and borehole wall are discussed. Then,the swing pendulum angle-drop in large-diameter wellbore drilling,and the measurement while-drilling and the rectification of screw drilling tools in small-diameter wellbore drilling are illustrated. Finally,we forecast the development direction of the drilling technology from the aspects of innovative rock breaking modes,intelligent trajectory control,unmanned drilling equipment,and flexible energy transfer technique.
引文
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[10]宋立兵.神东矿区切顶卸压成巷技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(8):80-85.SONG Libing.Study on roof cutting,pressure released and gateway driving technology in Shendong Mining Area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(8):80-85.
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[12]袁辉,邓昀,蒲朝阳,等.型地面钻孔注浆技术在矿井水害防治中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(4):171-175.YUAN Hui,DENG Yun,PU Chaoyang,et al.Grouting technology of L type surface borehole applied to water disaster prevention in mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(4):171-175.
[13]刘明举,郭献林,李波,等.底板巷穿层钻孔水力冲孔防突技术[J].煤炭科学技术2011,39(2):33-35,50.LIU Mingju,GUO Xianlin,LI Bo,et al.Outburst prevention technology with borehole hydraulic jet through strata in floor gateway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(2):33-35,50.
[14]赵鹏飞,赵章.地面水平分支孔注浆超前治理奥灰底板突水技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(6):122-125.ZHAO Pengfei,ZHAO Zhang.Ordovician Limestone floor inrush water advance treatment technology with surface horizontal branch borehole grouting[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(6):122-125.
[15]吴金刚,郭军杰,李守振.特殊条件煤层注水防尘钻孔布置方式及效果研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(8):65-67.WU Jingang,GUO Junjie,LI Shouzhen.Study on boreholes layout and effect of dustproof with water injection in complicated coal seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(8):65-67.
[16]高娜,金龙哲,王磊,等.常村煤矿避难硐室供氧系统研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):1021-1025.GAO Na,JIN longzhe,WANG Lei,et al.Research and application of oxygen supply system in Changcun Coal Mine refuge haven[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(6):1021-1025.
[17]刘明举,郭献林,李波,等.底板巷穿层钻孔水力冲孔防突技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(2):33-35,50.LIU Mingju,GUO Xianlin,LI Bo,et al.Outburst prevention technology with borehole hydraulic jet through strata in floor gateway[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(2):33-35,50.
[18]李向东,刘建喜.煤层浅孔注水防突有效影响半径的测定[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(1):54-56,98.LI Xiangdong,LIU Jianxi.Measurement on outburst prevention effective influence radius of water injection with shallow borehole in seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(1):54-56,98.
[19]魏宏超.煤矿防治冲击地压大直径钻孔施工技术与装备[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(10):140-143,195.WEI Hongchao.Technology and equipment of large diameter borehole construction applied to prevent and control pressure bump in coal mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(10):140-143,195.
[20]刘志强.机械井筒钻进技术发展及展望[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(7):1116-1122.LIU Zhiqiang.Development and prospect of mechanical shaft boring technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(7):1116-1122.
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