基于球壳聚焦阵列的超声成像检测技术研究
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摘要
为提高超声成像对比度和分辨力,研究了一种利用球壳聚焦阵列进行目标散射成像的方法。球壳聚焦阵列中的部分阵元发射聚焦声波,声波作用于目标后发生散射,回波被余下的阵元所接收,阵列中的发射阵元和接收阵元随机选择,以达到抑制旁瓣的作用。借助三维自动扫描机构,可获得聚焦波束沿被测物体表面的散射回波强度,从而实现对目标的成像。计算机仿真结果表明,球壳聚焦阵列可减小主瓣宽度,并有效降低聚焦波束旁瓣。水池实验结果表明,基于该阵列的散射成像方法具有亚毫米级的成像分辨力,能够获得较高对比度的图像。
In order to improve the contrast and resolution of ultrasound imaging,this paper studies a target scattering imaging method based on a spherical shell focused array. The partial array elements in the spherical shell focused array transmit the focused sound waves.When the sound waves act on the target scattering occurs,and the scattered echoes are received by the remaining array elements. The transmitting and receiving elements in the array are selected randomly to suppress the side lobes. Using the three-dimensional automatic scanning mechanism,the scattered echo intensity of the focused beam along the surface of the measured object can be obtained,then the target imaging is realized. Computer simulation results show that the spherical shell focused array can decrease the main-lobe width and effectively reduce the side lobes of the focused beam. The water tank experiment results show that the scattering imaging method based on spherical shell focused array possesses a sub-millimeter level imaging resolution and could obtain high contrast image.
In order to improve the contrast and resolution of ultrasound imaging,this paper studies a target scattering imaging method based on a spherical shell focused array. The partial array elements in the spherical shell focused array transmit the focused sound waves.When the sound waves act on the target scattering occurs,and the scattered echoes are received by the remaining array elements. The transmitting and receiving elements in the array are selected randomly to suppress the side lobes. Using the three-dimensional automatic scanning mechanism,the scattered echo intensity of the focused beam along the surface of the measured object can be obtained,then the target imaging is realized. Computer simulation results show that the spherical shell focused array can decrease the main-lobe width and effectively reduce the side lobes of the focused beam. The water tank experiment results show that the scattering imaging method based on spherical shell focused array possesses a sub-millimeter level imaging resolution and could obtain high contrast image.
引文
[1]王江涛,熊仕勇,刘玲慧.合成孔径声纳成像压缩中的旁瓣抑制及主瓣分辨率改进研究[J].激光杂志,2016,37(6):53-56.WANG J T,XIONG SH Y,LIU H L. Synthetic aperture sonar imaging compression sidelobe suppression and main lobe of resolution improvement research[J]. Laser Journal,2016,37(6):53-56.
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[3]郭瑞,蔡志明,姚直象.线性调频信号主瓣不展宽旁瓣抑制方法[J].电子与信息学报,2014,36(2):298-303.GUO R,CAI ZH M,YAO ZH X. Sidelobe suppression method of linear frequency modulated signal without mainlobe widening[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology,2014,36(2):298-303.
[4]陈日林,周昌国,滕鹏晓,等.改进粒子群算法的立体传声器阵列声成像系统阵形优化设计[J].声学学报,2013,38(5):555-562.CHEN R L,ZHOU CH G,TENG P X,et al. Cubic array configuration optimization for acoustic imaging system with modified particle swarm optimization[J]. Acta Acustica,2013,38(5):555-562.
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[7]郑驰超,成娟,彭虎.次方样本熵自适应加权的超声合成孔径成像算法[J].声学学报,2017,42(1):109-114.ZHENG CH CH, CHENG J, PENG H. Ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging algorithm based on power sample entropy as adaptive weight[J]. Acta Acustica,2017,42(1):109-114.
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[9] MOSHFEGHI M. Side lobe suppression in annular array and axicon imaging systems[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1988,83(6):2202-2209.
[10]李亚楠,白宝平,陈晓冬,等.超声内窥成像系统与旁瓣抑制[J].光电工程,2014,41(7):57-61.LI Y N,BAI B P, CHEN X D, et al. Endoscopic Ultrasound Imaging System and Sidelobe Suppression[J].Opto-Electronic Engineering,2014,41(7):57-61.
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[12]夏茂龙,黎胜.基于声压测量的结构模态参数辨识[J].振动与冲击,2017(22):238-244.WANG M L,LI SH. Identification of structural modal parameters based on sound pressure measurement[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2017(22):238-244.
[13]邓文翰,沈勇,蒋佳为,等.非等间距高频波导线阵列指向性研究[J].声学学报,2016(5):657-664.DENG W H,SHEN Y,JIANG J W,et al. Research on the directivity of high-frequency waveguide line array with unequal gaps between waveguides[J]. Acta Acustica,2016(5):657-664.
[14]李国伟,陈亚珠.不等间距排列的球面高强度聚焦超声相控阵列[J].声学学报,2001,26(2):117-120.LI G W,CHEN Y ZH. A spherical high intensity focused ultrasound phased array with unequal space between elements[J]. Acta Acustica,2001,26(2):117-120.
[15]汪欣,钱斌,王广恩.不等间距线列阵波束形成[J].声学技术,2016,29(01):90-93.WANG X,QIAN B,WANG G EN. Unequally spaced linear array beamforming[J]. 2016,29(01):90-93.
[16] MOSHFEGHI M. Sidelobe suppression in annular array and axicon imaging systems[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1988,83(6):2202-2209.
[17]寿文德,余立立,段世梅,等.球面聚焦超声换能器的电声特性和测量方法的研究[J].声学技术,2013,32(5):379-389.SHOU W D,YU L L,DUAN SH M,et al. Research on electroacoustic characteristics and measurements of spherically focusing transducer[J]. Technical Acoustics,2013,32(5):379-389.
[18]周正干,彭地,李洋,等.相控阵超声检测技术中的全聚焦成像算法及其校准研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(10):1-7.ZHOU ZH G,PENG D,LI Y,et al. Research on phased array ultrasonic total focusing method and its calibration[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(10):1-7.
[19]贾乐成,陈世利,白志亮,等.超声全聚焦成像校正模型及加速算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(7):1499-1596.JIA L CH,CHEN SH L,BAI ZH L,et al. Research on phased array ultrasonic total focusing method and its calibration[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(7):1499-1596.
[20]王平,邹强鑫,王林泓,等.一种融合动态孔径的聚焦延迟参数压缩方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(9):2080-2086.WANG P,ZOU Q X,WANG L H,et al. Research on the effect of defect scattering on phased array ultrasonic TFM imaging[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013,34(9):2080-2086.
[21]范爽,张亚萍,王帆,等.面向真彩色三维显示的分层角谱算法和Gerchberg-Saxton算法研究[J].物理学报,2018,67(9):122-131.FAN SH,ZHANG Y P,WANG F,et al. GerchbergSaxton algorithm and angular-spectrum layer-oriented method for true color three-dimensional display[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2018,67(9):122-131.
[22]李柳,邵富群.电磁层析成像图像重建中的修正共轭梯度算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(3):655-658.LI L,SHAO F Q. Modified conjugate gradient algorithm for image reconstruction of electromagnetic tomography[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2010,31(3):655-658.
[2] VAN TREES H L. Optimum array processing:Part IV of detection,estimation and modulation theory[M]. New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc,2002:95-108.
[3]郭瑞,蔡志明,姚直象.线性调频信号主瓣不展宽旁瓣抑制方法[J].电子与信息学报,2014,36(2):298-303.GUO R,CAI ZH M,YAO ZH X. Sidelobe suppression method of linear frequency modulated signal without mainlobe widening[J]. Journal of Electronics and Information Technology,2014,36(2):298-303.
[4]陈日林,周昌国,滕鹏晓,等.改进粒子群算法的立体传声器阵列声成像系统阵形优化设计[J].声学学报,2013,38(5):555-562.CHEN R L,ZHOU CH G,TENG P X,et al. Cubic array configuration optimization for acoustic imaging system with modified particle swarm optimization[J]. Acta Acustica,2013,38(5):555-562.
[5] LIU J,GERSHMAN A B,LUO Z Q,et al. Adaptive beamforming with sidelobe control:a second-order cone programming approach[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2003,10(11):331-334.
[6]鄢社锋,侯朝焕,马晓川,等.基于凸优化的时域宽带旁瓣控制自适应波束形成[J].声学学报,2007,32(1):5-9.YAN SH F,HOU CH H,MA X CH,et al. Convex optimization based adaptive broadband FIR beamforming with sidelobe control[J]. Acta Acustica,2007,32(1):5-9.
[7]郑驰超,成娟,彭虎.次方样本熵自适应加权的超声合成孔径成像算法[J].声学学报,2017,42(1):109-114.ZHENG CH CH, CHENG J, PENG H. Ultrasonic synthetic aperture imaging algorithm based on power sample entropy as adaptive weight[J]. Acta Acustica,2017,42(1):109-114.
[8]兰军.最佳不等距阵的综合方法[J].声学学报,1984,9(3):35-43.LAN J. A synthetic method of optimum unequal spaced array[J]. Acta Acustica,1984,9(3):35-43.
[9] MOSHFEGHI M. Side lobe suppression in annular array and axicon imaging systems[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1988,83(6):2202-2209.
[10]李亚楠,白宝平,陈晓冬,等.超声内窥成像系统与旁瓣抑制[J].光电工程,2014,41(7):57-61.LI Y N,BAI B P, CHEN X D, et al. Endoscopic Ultrasound Imaging System and Sidelobe Suppression[J].Opto-Electronic Engineering,2014,41(7):57-61.
[11] JAMSHIDI RAD A,UEBERLE F. The acoustic field of a spherical self-focusing Eisenmenger electromagnetic shockwave source(EMSE)[J]. Acoustical Society of America Journal,2017,141(5):3719-3719.
[12]夏茂龙,黎胜.基于声压测量的结构模态参数辨识[J].振动与冲击,2017(22):238-244.WANG M L,LI SH. Identification of structural modal parameters based on sound pressure measurement[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock. 2017(22):238-244.
[13]邓文翰,沈勇,蒋佳为,等.非等间距高频波导线阵列指向性研究[J].声学学报,2016(5):657-664.DENG W H,SHEN Y,JIANG J W,et al. Research on the directivity of high-frequency waveguide line array with unequal gaps between waveguides[J]. Acta Acustica,2016(5):657-664.
[14]李国伟,陈亚珠.不等间距排列的球面高强度聚焦超声相控阵列[J].声学学报,2001,26(2):117-120.LI G W,CHEN Y ZH. A spherical high intensity focused ultrasound phased array with unequal space between elements[J]. Acta Acustica,2001,26(2):117-120.
[15]汪欣,钱斌,王广恩.不等间距线列阵波束形成[J].声学技术,2016,29(01):90-93.WANG X,QIAN B,WANG G EN. Unequally spaced linear array beamforming[J]. 2016,29(01):90-93.
[16] MOSHFEGHI M. Sidelobe suppression in annular array and axicon imaging systems[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1988,83(6):2202-2209.
[17]寿文德,余立立,段世梅,等.球面聚焦超声换能器的电声特性和测量方法的研究[J].声学技术,2013,32(5):379-389.SHOU W D,YU L L,DUAN SH M,et al. Research on electroacoustic characteristics and measurements of spherically focusing transducer[J]. Technical Acoustics,2013,32(5):379-389.
[18]周正干,彭地,李洋,等.相控阵超声检测技术中的全聚焦成像算法及其校准研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(10):1-7.ZHOU ZH G,PENG D,LI Y,et al. Research on phased array ultrasonic total focusing method and its calibration[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(10):1-7.
[19]贾乐成,陈世利,白志亮,等.超声全聚焦成像校正模型及加速算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(7):1499-1596.JIA L CH,CHEN SH L,BAI ZH L,et al. Research on phased array ultrasonic total focusing method and its calibration[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(7):1499-1596.
[20]王平,邹强鑫,王林泓,等.一种融合动态孔径的聚焦延迟参数压缩方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2013,34(9):2080-2086.WANG P,ZOU Q X,WANG L H,et al. Research on the effect of defect scattering on phased array ultrasonic TFM imaging[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2013,34(9):2080-2086.
[21]范爽,张亚萍,王帆,等.面向真彩色三维显示的分层角谱算法和Gerchberg-Saxton算法研究[J].物理学报,2018,67(9):122-131.FAN SH,ZHANG Y P,WANG F,et al. GerchbergSaxton algorithm and angular-spectrum layer-oriented method for true color three-dimensional display[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,2018,67(9):122-131.
[22]李柳,邵富群.电磁层析成像图像重建中的修正共轭梯度算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(3):655-658.LI L,SHAO F Q. Modified conjugate gradient algorithm for image reconstruction of electromagnetic tomography[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2010,31(3):655-658.
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