闽江口湿地沉积物各形态磷分布特征及风险评价
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摘要
为探究湿地植被、理化性质等对沉积物磷的各赋存形态的影响,评价闽江口湿地污染程度和潜在环境风险。2017年在闽江河口湿地由陆向海选取4个采样点,用SMT法提取各形态磷,测定分析了闽江口湿地沉积物各形态磷变化规律并进行风险评价。结果表明:沉积物中有机磷含量为0.176～0.369mg/g,约占总磷的32.03%;而无机磷含量为0.308～0.666mg/g,占总磷66.49%;总磷含量为0.491～0.998mg/g,其污染指数为0.819～1.618,总体上为轻度污染。各形态磷在不同植被类型沉积物中含量分布不同,其中沉积物有机磷含量芦苇最高,扁穗莎草最低;无机磷中的钙磷含量则是互花米草最少,短叶茳芏和扁穗莎草明显高于其他植被类型;而铁铝磷含量是互花米草远高于其他植物;因总磷受无机磷影响较大,以致无机磷含量与总磷含量分布相似,均是扁穗莎草最高,芦苇最低。沉积物中钙磷与容重呈极显著负相关,与含水率呈极显著正相关,有机磷含量与有机质呈极显著正相关;总磷与含水率呈极显著正相关,与电导率呈显著负相关。以上现象可能由植被类型与生长阶段、理化性质、陆源物质、水文环境、凋落物、人类生产活动等多个因素的综合作用所导致。
To evaluate the wetland pollution and potential environmental risks in Min River Estuary,the effects of wetland vegetations and physicochemical properties on the distribution of sediment phosphorus were explored.From land to sea in the research area,sediments of four sites with different wetland vegetation types(Spartina alterniflora,Phragmites australis,Cyperus malaccensis and Cyperus compressus respectively)were sampled in 2017,and then phosphorus speciations were analyzed using SMT method.In all four vegetation types wetlands,organic phosphorus(OP)accounted for averagely 32.03% of total phosphorus(TP),between 0.176～0.369mg/g.Inorganic phosphorus(IP)accounted for averagely 66.49%of TP,between 0.308～0.666mg/g.TP concentrations were from 0.491～0.998mg/g,which were considered as moderate pollution level with the pollution index(moderate polluted 0.819 ～ 1.618).Results suggested that the distribution of phosphorus speciations varied from wetland vegetation types.The highest concentration of OP was found in the Phragmitesaustraliswetland,and the lowest in Cyperus compressus.The Ca-P concentrations were obviously higher in Cyperus malaccensis and Cyperus compressus wetlands than in Spartina alterniflora.However,the Fe/Al-P concentrations were significantly higher in Spartina alterni-f lora wetland compared to other wetlands.Since TP was strongly related to IP,the trends of TP and IP were similar:The highest concentration in Cyperus compressus wetland and the lowest in Phragmites australis wetland.Finally,the Ca-P concentrations showed the significantly negative correlation with bulk density,and the positive correlation with water contents.TP concentrations were significantly negatively correlated to conductivity,and positively correlated to water contents.All these phenomenon described could relate to the comprehensive effects of vegetation types and growth stages,physicochemical properties,terrestrial materials,hydrological environment,litters,and human production activities.
To evaluate the wetland pollution and potential environmental risks in Min River Estuary,the effects of wetland vegetations and physicochemical properties on the distribution of sediment phosphorus were explored.From land to sea in the research area,sediments of four sites with different wetland vegetation types(Spartina alterniflora,Phragmites australis,Cyperus malaccensis and Cyperus compressus respectively)were sampled in 2017,and then phosphorus speciations were analyzed using SMT method.In all four vegetation types wetlands,organic phosphorus(OP)accounted for averagely 32.03% of total phosphorus(TP),between 0.176～0.369mg/g.Inorganic phosphorus(IP)accounted for averagely 66.49%of TP,between 0.308～0.666mg/g.TP concentrations were from 0.491～0.998mg/g,which were considered as moderate pollution level with the pollution index(moderate polluted 0.819 ～ 1.618).Results suggested that the distribution of phosphorus speciations varied from wetland vegetation types.The highest concentration of OP was found in the Phragmitesaustraliswetland,and the lowest in Cyperus compressus.The Ca-P concentrations were obviously higher in Cyperus malaccensis and Cyperus compressus wetlands than in Spartina alterniflora.However,the Fe/Al-P concentrations were significantly higher in Spartina alterni-f lora wetland compared to other wetlands.Since TP was strongly related to IP,the trends of TP and IP were similar:The highest concentration in Cyperus compressus wetland and the lowest in Phragmites australis wetland.Finally,the Ca-P concentrations showed the significantly negative correlation with bulk density,and the positive correlation with water contents.TP concentrations were significantly negatively correlated to conductivity,and positively correlated to water contents.All these phenomenon described could relate to the comprehensive effects of vegetation types and growth stages,physicochemical properties,terrestrial materials,hydrological environment,litters,and human production activities.
引文
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[10]俞振飞,王国祥,钱君龙,等.SMT法测定沉积物标准样品有机磷形态分析方法探究[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):117-122.
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[13]刘晶晶.湿地挺水植物根系土壤中的磷形态变化与分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):2040-2046.
[14]滕泽栋,李敏,朱静,等.野鸭湖湿地芦苇根际微生物多样性与磷素形态关系[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4589-4597.
[15]安婉丽.互花米草入侵对闽江口湿地土壤磷形态及释放风险的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):214-219.
[16] Xiao R,Bai J H,Gao H F,et al.Spatial distribution of phosphorus in marsh soils of a typical land/inland water ecotone along a hydrological gradient[J].Catena,2012,98:96-103.
[17]苗萍.胶州湾互花米草湿地氮、磷元素的垂直分布及季节变化[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(5):1533-1540.
[18]章振亚,丁陈利,肖明.崇明东滩湿地不同潮汐带入侵植物互花米草根际细菌的多样性[J].生态学报,2012,32(21):6636-6646.
[19]高灯州.围垦养殖对沉积物磷赋存形态的影响及其潜在释放风险评估[D].福州:福建师范大学,2016.
[2]何涛,孙志高,李家兵,等.闽江河口互花米草与短叶茳芏湿地土壤无机硫形态分布特征及其影响因素[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(12):4747-4756.
[3]胡敏杰.闽江河口淡水、半咸水沼泽土壤碳氮磷分布及计量学特征[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):917-926.
[4]梁威,邵学新,吴明,等.杭州湾滨海湿地不同植被类型沉积物磷形态变化特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):5025-5033.
[5]余成.坦噶尼喀湖东北部入湖河流表层沉积物中磷的形态和分布特征[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(2):334-342.
[6]胡敏杰,邹芳芳,仝川,等.闽江河口短叶茳芏沼泽湿地沉积物磷的赋存形态和空间分布[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(11):2815-2822.
[7]章文龙,曾从盛,仝川,等.闽江河口芦苇和短叶茳芏沼泽土壤磷分级特征比较[J].湿地科学,2014,12(6):683-689.
[8]李家兵,陈庆燎,张丽烟,等.闽江河口互花米草入侵过程对短叶茳芏湿地土壤氮矿化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):242-248.
[9]金宝石,高灯州,杨平,等.闽江河口区互花米草入侵不同年限下湿地土壤有机碳变化[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(4):608-619.
[10]俞振飞,王国祥,钱君龙,等.SMT法测定沉积物标准样品有机磷形态分析方法探究[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):117-122.
[11]马太玲,张江山.环境影响评价[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2009:98.
[12] Mirja L.Sedimentation of trace metals in the Gulf of Bothnia[J].Chemosphere,1995,31(8):3839-3856.
[13]刘晶晶.湿地挺水植物根系土壤中的磷形态变化与分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):2040-2046.
[14]滕泽栋,李敏,朱静,等.野鸭湖湿地芦苇根际微生物多样性与磷素形态关系[J].环境科学,2017,38(11):4589-4597.
[15]安婉丽.互花米草入侵对闽江口湿地土壤磷形态及释放风险的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):214-219.
[16] Xiao R,Bai J H,Gao H F,et al.Spatial distribution of phosphorus in marsh soils of a typical land/inland water ecotone along a hydrological gradient[J].Catena,2012,98:96-103.
[17]苗萍.胶州湾互花米草湿地氮、磷元素的垂直分布及季节变化[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(5):1533-1540.
[18]章振亚,丁陈利,肖明.崇明东滩湿地不同潮汐带入侵植物互花米草根际细菌的多样性[J].生态学报,2012,32(21):6636-6646.
[19]高灯州.围垦养殖对沉积物磷赋存形态的影响及其潜在释放风险评估[D].福州:福建师范大学,2016.