郑州-开封断裂新生代活动特征
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摘要
开封凹陷向北以新乡-商丘断裂为界,与北华北坳陷相邻,向南以郑州-开封断裂为界与太康隆起相接,是由多组断裂围限的菱形块体。目前关于郑州-开封断裂的新生代活动特征及其与新乡-商丘断裂的构造关系仍不甚明确。通过对开封凹陷及太康隆起内的8口探井揭露的地层进行细分对比、标定地震地质层位,完成了多条地震反射剖面的对比解释。最终发现郑州-开封断裂平面上具有波状起伏特点,总体走向近EW,延伸长度约154km。剖面上该断裂呈上陡下缓、具有明显转折点的"L"型断层;转折点位于古近系与新近系不整合接触面附近。该断裂古近纪时期为强活动正断层,造成北侧开封凹陷内巨厚的古近系沉积。中喜马拉雅运动后该断裂向水平扭动演变,倾角变陡的同时活动程度急剧减弱,至第四纪已停止活动。郑州-开封断裂南侧部分段产生NW向雁列状宽缓褶皱带,以地壳缩短的方式响应了缘于断裂左旋剪切活动所产生的挤压效应。开封凹陷的活动性向北转移。
As one of the rhombic blocks in North China,Kaifeng depression is on the south of the northern Huabei depression and in the north of the southern Huabei depression, bounded by XinxiangShangqiu Fault and Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Fault,respectively. So far,the activity of Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Fault during Kainozoic era and the relationship between Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Fault and XinxiangShangqiu Fault is still unknown. We interpreted several deep seismic profiles across Taikang uplift and Kaifeng depression on the basis of the strata sequence exposed by the 8 drill holes in the related area.The outcomes indicate that the Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Fault strikes EW on the whole,presenting undulating feature in plain,with a length about 154 km. The profiles show the dip angle of the fault is steeper in the shallow than that in the deep,with an obvious "L-shaped " turning point. In Paleogene,the fault was a normal fault. In its hanging wall,the Kaifeng depression,there deposited hundreds of meters of Eogene. After middle Himalayan movement,Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Fault converted to a strike-slip fault,the dip angle became steeper,but the activity became weaker. The ZhengzhouKaifeng Fault ended its activity before Quaternary. As a response to the compression in the footwall caused by the sustained sinistral shearing,there developed a series of NW-trending,en echelon wide and gentle folds. Then,the activity in Kaifeng depression shifted to its north boundary.
As one of the rhombic blocks in North China,Kaifeng depression is on the south of the northern Huabei depression and in the north of the southern Huabei depression, bounded by XinxiangShangqiu Fault and Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Fault,respectively. So far,the activity of Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Fault during Kainozoic era and the relationship between Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Fault and XinxiangShangqiu Fault is still unknown. We interpreted several deep seismic profiles across Taikang uplift and Kaifeng depression on the basis of the strata sequence exposed by the 8 drill holes in the related area.The outcomes indicate that the Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Fault strikes EW on the whole,presenting undulating feature in plain,with a length about 154 km. The profiles show the dip angle of the fault is steeper in the shallow than that in the deep,with an obvious "L-shaped " turning point. In Paleogene,the fault was a normal fault. In its hanging wall,the Kaifeng depression,there deposited hundreds of meters of Eogene. After middle Himalayan movement,Zhengzhou-Kaifeng Fault converted to a strike-slip fault,the dip angle became steeper,but the activity became weaker. The ZhengzhouKaifeng Fault ended its activity before Quaternary. As a response to the compression in the footwall caused by the sustained sinistral shearing,there developed a series of NW-trending,en echelon wide and gentle folds. Then,the activity in Kaifeng depression shifted to its north boundary.
引文
陈家庚,曹新玲,李自强.1982.水力压裂法测定华北地下深部应力[J].地震学报,4(4):350—361.CHEN Jia-geng,CAO Xin-ling,LI Zi-qiang.1982.Stress measurements at depth in North China by hydraulic fracturing[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,4(4):350—361(in Chinese).
陈连旺,陆远忠,张杰,等.1999.华北地区三维构造应力场[J].地震学报,21(2):140—149.CHEN Lian-wang,LU Yuan-zhong,ZHANG Jie,et al.1999.Three dimensional tectonic stress field in North China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(2):140—149(in Chinese).
崔效锋,谢富仁,李瑞莎,等.2010.华北地区构造应力场非均匀特征与煤田深部应力状态[J].岩石力学与工程学报,29(S1):2755—2761.CUI Xiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren,LI Rui-sha,et al.2010.Heterogeneous features of state of tectonic stress filed in North China and deep stress in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,29(S1):2755—2761(in Chinese).
丁国瑜,李永善.1979.中国地震活动与地壳现代破裂网络[J].地质学报,53(1):22—34.DING Guo-yu,LI Yong-shan.1979.Seismicity and the recent fracturing pattern of the earth crust in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,53(1):22—34(in Chinese).
冯希杰.1988.中国大陆NW—NNW向断裂系统与强震[J].西安地质学院报,10(3):47—55.FENG Xi-jie.1988.Faulting system in NW-NWW directions and meizoseism in China's continent[J].Journal of Xi'an College of Geology,10(3):47—55(in Chinese).
韩立波,蒋长胜,包丰.2012.2010年河南太康MS4.6地震序列震源参数的精确确定[J].地球物理学报,55(9):2973—2981.HAN Li-bo,JIANG Chang-sheng,BAO Feng.2012.Source parameter determination of 2010 Taikang MS4.6earthquake sequences[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,55(9):2973—2981(in Chinese).
河南省地质矿产局.1989.河南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Henan Province.1989.Regional Geology of Henan Province[M].Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
贾承造,何登发,陆洁民.2004.中国喜马拉雅运动的期次及其动力学背景[J].石油与天然气地质,25(2):121 —125,169.JIA Cheng-zao,HE Deng-fa,LU Jie-min.2004.Episodes and geodynamic setting of Himalayan movement in China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,25(2):121—125,169(in Chinese).
李祖武.1983.中国东部NNW—NW向构造系的活动性及其应力场[J].地震研究,6(4):635—650.LI Zu-wu.1983.Activity and stress field of the NNW-NW trending tectonic system in the eastern part of China[J].Journal of Seismological Research,6(4):635—650(in Chinese).
邵云惠.1980.试论中国东部的NW向构造及其理论意义[G]∥中国地质科学院562综合大队文集(1).北京:中国地质学会:19—27.SHAO Yun-hui.1980.The NW-trending structures in the eastern part of China and their significance to the research of earth's movement[G]∥Bulletin of the 562 Comprehensive Brigade,China Academy of Geological Sciences.Geological Society of China,Beijing:19—27(in Chinese).
孙杰,胡凤英,杨龙翔,等.2014.2010年10月24日周口太康MS4.6地震的震源机制解[J].地震地磁观测与研究,35(3-4):8—14.SUN Jie,HU Feng-ying,YANG Long-xiang,et al.2014.Focal mechanism solution of Taikang MS4.6 earthquake on24 Oct.,2010[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,35(3-4):8—14(in Chinese).
万天丰.1994.中国第四纪的构造事件与应力场[J].第四纪研究,14(1):48—55.WAN Tian-feng.1994.Tectonic event and stress field of Quaternary in China[J].Quaternary Sciences,14(1):48—55 (in Chinese).
万天丰,曹瑞萍.1992.中国中始新世—早更新世构造事件与应力场[J].现代地质,6(3):275—285.WAN Tian-feng,CAO Rui-ping.1992.Tectonic events and stress fields of middle Eocene-early Pleistocene in China[J].Geoscience,6(3):275—285(in Chinese).
王定一,汤锡元,陈乃明.1994.开封坳陷构造特征、形成演化与油气远景[J].石油学报,15(2):39—47.WANG Ding-yi,TANG Xi-yuan,CHEN Nai-ming.1994.Structural features,evolution and oil and gas prospects of Kaifeng Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,15(2):39—47(in Chinese).
徐杰,马宗晋,陈国光,等.2003.中国大陆东部新构造期NW向断裂带的初步探讨[J].地学前缘,10(S1):193 —198.XU Jie,MA Zong-jin,CHEN Guo-guang,et al.2003.NW trending active fault zones of the eastern Chinese continent in Neotectonic time[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(S1):193—198(in Chinese).
许忠淮,阎明,赵仲和.1983.由多个小地震推断的华北地区构造应力场的方向[J].地震学报,5(3):268—279.XU Zhong-huai,YAN Ming,ZHAO Zhong-he.1983.Evaluation of the direction of tectonic stress in North China from recorded data of a large number of small earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,5(3):268—279(in Chinese).
袁金荣,徐菊生,高士钧.1999.利用GPS观测资料反演华北地区现今构造应力场[J].地球学报,20(3):232 —238.YUAN Jin-rong,XU Ju-sheng,GAO Shi-jun.1999.Back analysis of present tectonic stress field in North China region using GPS data[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,20(3):232—238(in Chinese).
中国地质学会扩编委员会.1999.中国地质学(扩编版)[M].北京:地质出版社.Expanded Edition Committee of Geological Society of China.1999.The Geology of China(expanded edition)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
朱嘉伟,赵云章,王晓表,等.2005.郑州-兰考区域性隐伏断裂的发现及其意义[J].国土资源遥感,(2):55 —59.ZHU Jia-wei,ZHAO Yun-zhang,WANG Xiao-biao,et al.2005.The discovery of Zhengzhou-Lankao regional concealed fault and its significance[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,(2):55—59(in Chinese).
Song C Z.1992.The new understanding of crustal deformation in East Asia[C]∥Proceedings of the 29thInternational Geological Congress.Kyoto,Japan.
(1)河南省地质矿产局水文地质一队,1985,河南平原第四纪地质图(1︰50 000)说明书。
(1)石油化工部物探局,1975,太康地区及周口地区南部地震勘探成果报告。
(1)中国地震局地球物理勘探中心,2016,新乡市城市活断层探测报告。
(2)河南省地震局,2007,郑州市城市活断层探测报告。
(1)中国石油化工公司河南油田分公司,2016,河南省新近系隐伏断裂体系综合分析。
(1)中国石油化工公司河南油田分公司,2016,河南省新近系隐伏断裂体系综合分析。
陈连旺,陆远忠,张杰,等.1999.华北地区三维构造应力场[J].地震学报,21(2):140—149.CHEN Lian-wang,LU Yuan-zhong,ZHANG Jie,et al.1999.Three dimensional tectonic stress field in North China[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(2):140—149(in Chinese).
崔效锋,谢富仁,李瑞莎,等.2010.华北地区构造应力场非均匀特征与煤田深部应力状态[J].岩石力学与工程学报,29(S1):2755—2761.CUI Xiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren,LI Rui-sha,et al.2010.Heterogeneous features of state of tectonic stress filed in North China and deep stress in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,29(S1):2755—2761(in Chinese).
丁国瑜,李永善.1979.中国地震活动与地壳现代破裂网络[J].地质学报,53(1):22—34.DING Guo-yu,LI Yong-shan.1979.Seismicity and the recent fracturing pattern of the earth crust in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,53(1):22—34(in Chinese).
冯希杰.1988.中国大陆NW—NNW向断裂系统与强震[J].西安地质学院报,10(3):47—55.FENG Xi-jie.1988.Faulting system in NW-NWW directions and meizoseism in China's continent[J].Journal of Xi'an College of Geology,10(3):47—55(in Chinese).
韩立波,蒋长胜,包丰.2012.2010年河南太康MS4.6地震序列震源参数的精确确定[J].地球物理学报,55(9):2973—2981.HAN Li-bo,JIANG Chang-sheng,BAO Feng.2012.Source parameter determination of 2010 Taikang MS4.6earthquake sequences[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,55(9):2973—2981(in Chinese).
河南省地质矿产局.1989.河南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社.Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Henan Province.1989.Regional Geology of Henan Province[M].Geological Publishing House,Beijing(in Chinese).
贾承造,何登发,陆洁民.2004.中国喜马拉雅运动的期次及其动力学背景[J].石油与天然气地质,25(2):121 —125,169.JIA Cheng-zao,HE Deng-fa,LU Jie-min.2004.Episodes and geodynamic setting of Himalayan movement in China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,25(2):121—125,169(in Chinese).
李祖武.1983.中国东部NNW—NW向构造系的活动性及其应力场[J].地震研究,6(4):635—650.LI Zu-wu.1983.Activity and stress field of the NNW-NW trending tectonic system in the eastern part of China[J].Journal of Seismological Research,6(4):635—650(in Chinese).
邵云惠.1980.试论中国东部的NW向构造及其理论意义[G]∥中国地质科学院562综合大队文集(1).北京:中国地质学会:19—27.SHAO Yun-hui.1980.The NW-trending structures in the eastern part of China and their significance to the research of earth's movement[G]∥Bulletin of the 562 Comprehensive Brigade,China Academy of Geological Sciences.Geological Society of China,Beijing:19—27(in Chinese).
孙杰,胡凤英,杨龙翔,等.2014.2010年10月24日周口太康MS4.6地震的震源机制解[J].地震地磁观测与研究,35(3-4):8—14.SUN Jie,HU Feng-ying,YANG Long-xiang,et al.2014.Focal mechanism solution of Taikang MS4.6 earthquake on24 Oct.,2010[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research,35(3-4):8—14(in Chinese).
万天丰.1994.中国第四纪的构造事件与应力场[J].第四纪研究,14(1):48—55.WAN Tian-feng.1994.Tectonic event and stress field of Quaternary in China[J].Quaternary Sciences,14(1):48—55 (in Chinese).
万天丰,曹瑞萍.1992.中国中始新世—早更新世构造事件与应力场[J].现代地质,6(3):275—285.WAN Tian-feng,CAO Rui-ping.1992.Tectonic events and stress fields of middle Eocene-early Pleistocene in China[J].Geoscience,6(3):275—285(in Chinese).
王定一,汤锡元,陈乃明.1994.开封坳陷构造特征、形成演化与油气远景[J].石油学报,15(2):39—47.WANG Ding-yi,TANG Xi-yuan,CHEN Nai-ming.1994.Structural features,evolution and oil and gas prospects of Kaifeng Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,15(2):39—47(in Chinese).
徐杰,马宗晋,陈国光,等.2003.中国大陆东部新构造期NW向断裂带的初步探讨[J].地学前缘,10(S1):193 —198.XU Jie,MA Zong-jin,CHEN Guo-guang,et al.2003.NW trending active fault zones of the eastern Chinese continent in Neotectonic time[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(S1):193—198(in Chinese).
许忠淮,阎明,赵仲和.1983.由多个小地震推断的华北地区构造应力场的方向[J].地震学报,5(3):268—279.XU Zhong-huai,YAN Ming,ZHAO Zhong-he.1983.Evaluation of the direction of tectonic stress in North China from recorded data of a large number of small earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,5(3):268—279(in Chinese).
袁金荣,徐菊生,高士钧.1999.利用GPS观测资料反演华北地区现今构造应力场[J].地球学报,20(3):232 —238.YUAN Jin-rong,XU Ju-sheng,GAO Shi-jun.1999.Back analysis of present tectonic stress field in North China region using GPS data[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,20(3):232—238(in Chinese).
中国地质学会扩编委员会.1999.中国地质学(扩编版)[M].北京:地质出版社.Expanded Edition Committee of Geological Society of China.1999.The Geology of China(expanded edition)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
朱嘉伟,赵云章,王晓表,等.2005.郑州-兰考区域性隐伏断裂的发现及其意义[J].国土资源遥感,(2):55 —59.ZHU Jia-wei,ZHAO Yun-zhang,WANG Xiao-biao,et al.2005.The discovery of Zhengzhou-Lankao regional concealed fault and its significance[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,(2):55—59(in Chinese).
Song C Z.1992.The new understanding of crustal deformation in East Asia[C]∥Proceedings of the 29thInternational Geological Congress.Kyoto,Japan.
(1)河南省地质矿产局水文地质一队,1985,河南平原第四纪地质图(1︰50 000)说明书。
(1)石油化工部物探局,1975,太康地区及周口地区南部地震勘探成果报告。
(1)中国地震局地球物理勘探中心,2016,新乡市城市活断层探测报告。
(2)河南省地震局,2007,郑州市城市活断层探测报告。
(1)中国石油化工公司河南油田分公司,2016,河南省新近系隐伏断裂体系综合分析。
(1)中国石油化工公司河南油田分公司,2016,河南省新近系隐伏断裂体系综合分析。