草甸白浆土稻秆氮利用效率及氮素调控对水稻产量的影响
|
摘要
为明确三江平原草甸白浆土水稻秸秆还田条件下如何进行施肥,以期为秸秆全量还田条件下水稻氮肥的优化施用提供理论依据和技术指导。该文在白浆土上进行了秸秆氮利用试验、秸秆还田氮素优化施用试验、及氮素调控时期的试验研究。结果表明:通过15N同位素示踪确定,秸秆氮对水稻植株氮素累积量贡献率为6.49%～7.48%,对茎叶氮素累积量的贡献率为3.26%～4.16%,对籽粒贡献率为8.67%～9.74%;秸秆氮素当年总利用率为6.51%～7.65%;调节碳/氮比有利于提高秸秆氮素利用率。大田试验证实秸秆还田条件下施氮量连续3a比常规施氮量减少10%,排水性好的田块有增产效果,3a平均增产6.17%,减氮20%以上产量低而且年际间不稳,减氮时期适合均衡减氮和基肥减氮,蘖肥和穗肥减氮减产极显著;排水性不良田不适合减氮,减氮导致减产。不同土壤秸秆还田后氮素调控有差异,要因地制宜根据土壤条件制定相应的氮素管理措施。
Straw returning to the filed can not only improve soil fertility,but also alleviate the imbalance of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,improve crop yield and quality,and reduce the cost of agricultural production.Rice straw is decomposed gradually by microorganisms in the soil,which can release nitrogen to the soil for rice growth.Nitrogen released from straw can be divided into expended nitrogen and nitrogen retained in soil.Expended nitrogen can be further divided into nitrogen absorbed by plant and lost nitrogen.15 N tracer technology is an effective means to study the nitrogen budget of farmland,by which we can accurately grasp the status of nitrogen utilization and residue,and analyze the nitrogen utilization efficiency of straw.Understanding the utilization rate of straw nitrogen is the premise of fertilization regulation and control.Heilongjiang Province still lacks the utilization rate of nitrogen in rice straw and the technical achievements of nitrogen regulation and control under straw returning conditions.In this paper,we take Qianjin Farm(132°17′E,47°34′N),Sanjiang Plain as test site and the albic soil as the test soil.we conduct a series of experiments during nitrogen regulation and control period including 15 N straw labeling tracer test and straw returning nitrogen optimization test,the utilization rate of nitrogen in straw after rice straw returns to the albic soil is defined and the optimized application technology of nitrogen fertilizer after rice straw returns to the albic soil is summarized,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for optimized application of nitrogen fertilizer after straw returns to the field.The results showed that,according to 15 N isotope tracer,the contribution rate of straw nitrogen in the albic soil to rice plant nitrogen accumulation was 6.49%-7.48%,3.26%-4.16% to stem and leaf nitrogen accumulation,8.67%-9.74% to seed;the total nitrogen use efficiency of straw was 6.51%-7.65% in the current year,and the adjustment of C/N ratio was beneficial to improving straw nitrogen utilization rate.Field experiments showed that the nitrogen application rate under straw returning was 10% lower than that under conventional nitrogen application for three consecutive years,and the field with good drainage had the effect of increasing yield,with the average yield increase by 6.17% for three years,and the yield with the reduction of nitrogen by more than 20% was low and unstable.Balanced and basal nitrogen reduction was suitable in nitrogen reduction period,and the yield was reduced significantly in case of fertilizer for tillering and panicle with nitrogen reduction;the field with poor drainage was not suitable for nitrogen reduction,otherwise,it led to yield reduction.There are differences in nitrogen regulation and control after straw returns to different kinds of soil.The corresponding measures for nitrogen management should be formulated according to soil conditions.
Straw returning to the filed can not only improve soil fertility,but also alleviate the imbalance of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,improve crop yield and quality,and reduce the cost of agricultural production.Rice straw is decomposed gradually by microorganisms in the soil,which can release nitrogen to the soil for rice growth.Nitrogen released from straw can be divided into expended nitrogen and nitrogen retained in soil.Expended nitrogen can be further divided into nitrogen absorbed by plant and lost nitrogen.15 N tracer technology is an effective means to study the nitrogen budget of farmland,by which we can accurately grasp the status of nitrogen utilization and residue,and analyze the nitrogen utilization efficiency of straw.Understanding the utilization rate of straw nitrogen is the premise of fertilization regulation and control.Heilongjiang Province still lacks the utilization rate of nitrogen in rice straw and the technical achievements of nitrogen regulation and control under straw returning conditions.In this paper,we take Qianjin Farm(132°17′E,47°34′N),Sanjiang Plain as test site and the albic soil as the test soil.we conduct a series of experiments during nitrogen regulation and control period including 15 N straw labeling tracer test and straw returning nitrogen optimization test,the utilization rate of nitrogen in straw after rice straw returns to the albic soil is defined and the optimized application technology of nitrogen fertilizer after rice straw returns to the albic soil is summarized,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for optimized application of nitrogen fertilizer after straw returns to the field.The results showed that,according to 15 N isotope tracer,the contribution rate of straw nitrogen in the albic soil to rice plant nitrogen accumulation was 6.49%-7.48%,3.26%-4.16% to stem and leaf nitrogen accumulation,8.67%-9.74% to seed;the total nitrogen use efficiency of straw was 6.51%-7.65% in the current year,and the adjustment of C/N ratio was beneficial to improving straw nitrogen utilization rate.Field experiments showed that the nitrogen application rate under straw returning was 10% lower than that under conventional nitrogen application for three consecutive years,and the field with good drainage had the effect of increasing yield,with the average yield increase by 6.17% for three years,and the yield with the reduction of nitrogen by more than 20% was low and unstable.Balanced and basal nitrogen reduction was suitable in nitrogen reduction period,and the yield was reduced significantly in case of fertilizer for tillering and panicle with nitrogen reduction;the field with poor drainage was not suitable for nitrogen reduction,otherwise,it led to yield reduction.There are differences in nitrogen regulation and control after straw returns to different kinds of soil.The corresponding measures for nitrogen management should be formulated according to soil conditions.
引文
[1]刘巽浩,高旺盛,朱文珊.秸秆还田的机理与技术模式[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.
[2]Pathak H,Singh R,Bhatia A,et al.Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution[J].Paddy and Water Environment,2006,4:111-117.
[3]张水清,钟旭华,黄农荣,等.稻草覆盖还田对华南双季晚稻物质生产和产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(3):284-290.Zhang Shuiqing,Zhong Xuhua,Huang Nongrong,et al.Effects of straw mulching on dry matter production and grain yield of double cropping late season rice(Oryza sativa)in south China[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2011,25(3):284-290.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]吴建富,潘晓华,石庆华.施氮量对免耕抛栽稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(6):1031-1036.Wu Jianfu,Pan Xiaohua,Shi Qinghua.Effects of nitrogen application on yield of no-tillage and cast transplanted rice and its nitrogen absorption[J].Acta Agricultural Universitatis Jiangxiebsis,2011,33(6):1031-1036.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]何虎,吴建富,曾研华,等.稻草全量还田下氮肥运筹对双季晚稻产量及其氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):811-820.He Hu,Wu Jianfu,Zeng Yanhua,et al.Effects of nitrogen management on yield and nitrogen utilization of double cropping late rice under total rice straw incorporation[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(4):811-820.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]王永吉.寒地稻草还田与施氮对土壤速效氮及水稻氮素吸收的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.Wang Yongji.Effects of Rice Straw Incorporation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Available Nitrogen and Nitrogen Absorption of Rice in Cold Areas[D].Harbin:Dongbei Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]戴志刚,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):272-276.Dai Zhigang,Lu Jianwei,Li Xiaokun,et al.Nutrient release characteristic of different crop straws manure[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(6):272-276.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]武际,郭熙盛,王允青,等.不同水稻栽培模式和秸秆还田方式下的油菜、小麦秸秆腐解特征[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(16):3351-3360.Wu Ji,Guo Xisheng,Wang Yunqing,et al.Decomposition characteristics of rapeseed and wheat straws under different rice cultivations and straw mulching models[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(16):3351-3360.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]李逢雨,孙锡发,冯文强,等.麦秆、油菜秆还田腐解速率及养分释放规律研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):374-380.Li Fengyu,Sun Xifa,Fen Wenqiang,et al.Nutrient release patterns and decomposing rates of wheat and rapeseed straw[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(2):374-380.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]闫超.水稻秸秆还田腐解规律及对土壤特性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.Yan Chao.Studies on Decomposition Regularity of Returning Rice Straw and Soil Nutrient Properties[D].Harbin:Dongbei Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]樊红柱,曾祥忠,吕世华.水稻不同移栽密度的氮肥效应及氮素去向[J].核农学报,2009,23(4):681-685.Fan Hongzhu,Zeng Xiangzhong,Lv Shihua.Nitrogen utilization efficiency and fate of fertilizer under different transplanting density[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2009,23(4):681-685.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]徐新宇,张玉梅,胡济生.应用15N示踪研究麦秸还田中氮的去向[J].土壤学报,1989,26(1):64-70.Xu Xinyu,Zhang Yumei,Hu Jisheng.Studies on the fate of nitrogen in wheat stubble applied on soil surface and incorporated with soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1989,26(1):64-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]丁文成.氮肥管理对稻巧氮转化和有效性影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.Ding Wencheng.Effect of Fertilizer Nitrogen Management on Transformation and Availiablity of Straw Nitrogen[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS),2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]Fortes C,Vitti A C,Otto R,et al.Contribution of nitrogen from sugarcane harvest residues and urea for crop nutrition[J].Scientia Agricola,2013,70(5):313-320.
[15]吴烨东.哈尔滨市水稻测土施肥氮肥施用效果研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.Wu Yedong.Research on Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Harbin Fertilization of Soil Testing[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS),2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]张福锁.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2010.
[17]韩军,闫童,张磊,等.鲁南地区水稻土壤养分丰缺及推荐施肥指标体系研究[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(8):93-97.Han Jun,Yan Tong,Zhang Lei,et al.Study on abundance and deficiency of soil nutrient and fertilization recommendation index system for rice in south Shandong[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2016,48(8):93-97.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]赵士诚,曹彩云,李科江,等.长期秸秆还田对华北潮土肥力、氮库组分及作物产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1441-1449.Zhao Shicheng,Cao Caiyun,Li Kejiang,et al.Effects of long-term straw return on soil fertility,N pool fractions and crop yields on a fluvo-aquic soil in North China[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(6):1441-1449.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]西尾道徳.堆肥·有機質肥料の基礎知識[D].東京:農山漁村文化協会,2007.
[20]刘世平,陈后庆,陈文林,等.不同耕作方式与秸秆还田周年生产力的综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(4):82-85.Liu Shiping,Chen Houqing,Chen Wenlin,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of tillage and straw returning on yearly productivity[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,25(4):82-85.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]黑龙江统计局,国家统计局黑龙江调查总队编.黑龙江省统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[22]何琏.中国三江平原[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,2000.
[23]曾昭顺,徐琪,高子勤,等.中国白浆土[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1997.
[24]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:30-165.
[25]陈杰.水稻氮素行为及施氮优化模拟研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.Chen Jie.Simulation Studies on Nitrogen Dynamics and Fertilizer-N Optimization for Rice Production[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2004.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]代文才,高明,兰木羚,等.不同作物秸秆在旱地和水田中的腐解特性及养分释放规律[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(2):188-199.Dai Wencai,Gao Ming,Lan Muling,et al.Nutrient release patterns and decomposition characteristics of different crop straws in drylands and paddy fields[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(2):188-199.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]谭可菲,王麒,刘传增,等.黑龙江西部地区水稻秸秆腐解特征研究[J].中国稻米,2018,24(4):96-98.Tan Kefei,Wang Qi,Liu Chuanzeng,et al.Decomposition characteristics of rice straw in western Heilongjiang[J].China Rice,2018,24(4):96-98.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]闫超.水稻秸秆还田腐解规律及对土壤养分和酶活性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.Yan Chao.Decomposition Regularity of Rice Straw Returning to Soil and its Effect on Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activity[D].Harbin:Dongbei Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]张金涛.玉米秸秆直接还田对土壤中氮素生物有效性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.Zhang Jintao.The Effect of Maize Straw Return on the Bio-Availability of Nitrogen in Formland Soil[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]Mohanty M,Probert M E,Reddy K,et al.Modelling Nmineralization from high C:N crop residues[J].Agrochimica,2011,20(5):551-570.
[31]Ding X L,He H B,Zhang B,et al.Plant-N incorporation into microbial amino sugars as affected by inorganic N addition:A microcosm study of 15N-labeled maize residue decomposition[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(9):1968-1974.
[32]Alison J Eagle,Jeffrey A Bird,William R Horwath,et al.Rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency under alternative straw management practices[J].Agronomy Journal,2000,92(6):1096-1102.
[33]梁斌,赵伟,杨学云,等.氮肥及其与秸秆配施在不同肥力土壤的固持及供应[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(9):1750-1757.Liang Bin,Zhao Wei,Yang Xueyun,et al.Nitrogen retention and supply after addition of N fertilizer and its combination with straw in the soils with different fertilities[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(9):1750-1757.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]南雄雄,田霄鸿,张琳,等.小麦和玉米秸秆腐解特点及对土壤中碳、氮含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):626-633.Nan Xiongxiong,Tian Xiaohong,Zhang Lin,et al.Decomposition characteristics of maize and wheat straw and their effects on soil carbon and nitrogen contents[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(3):626-633.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]李贵桐,赵紫娟,黄元仿,等.秸秆还田对土壤氮素转化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):162-167.Li Guitong,Zhao Zijuan,Huang Yuanfang,et al.Effect of straw returning on soil nitrogen transformation[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2002,8(2):162-167.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]王鹏,曾玲玲,王发鹏,等.秸秆还田对烤烟氮积累、分配及利用的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008(4):43-46.Wang Peng,Zeng Lingling,Wang Fapeng,et al.Effects of wheat straw returning soil on N accumulation distribution and utilization of flue-cured tobacco[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2008(4):43-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[37]Fabio Castelli,Enrico Ceotto,Renato Contillo.Reduced Nsupply limits the nitrate content of flue-cured tobacco[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Evelopment,2011,31(2):329-335.
[38]肖小平,李超,唐海明,等.秸秆还田下减氮增密对双季稻田土壤氮素库容及氮素利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,27(3):422-430.Xiao Xiaoping,Li Chao,Tang Haiming,et al.Soil nitrogen storage capacity and nitrogen recovery efficiency of double paddy fields under nitrogen-reduction and density-increase measures[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018,27(3):422-430.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[39]龙瑞平,张朝钟,戈芹英,等.施氮量对高海拔机插粳稻产量及群体生长特性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(2):89-95.Long Ruiping,Zhang Chaozhong,Ge Qinying,et al.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and population growth characteristics of high altitude mechanical transplanting japonica rice[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2018(2):89-95.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[40]王秋菊.黑龙江地区土壤肥力和积温对水稻产量、品质影响研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.Wang Qiuju.Effect of Soil Fertility and Temperature on Rice Yield and Quality in Heilongjiang Area[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[41]陈梦云.不同土壤类型下灌溉方式对水稻产量形成、根系形态和品质的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2008.Chen Mengyun.Effect of Different Irrigation Methods on Yield and Quality of Rice Under Different Soil Types[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[42]陈祯,崔远来,刘方平,等.不同灌溉施肥模式对水稻土物理性质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(5):38-41.Chen Zhen,Cui Yuanlai,Liu Fangping,et al.Effect of different irrigation and fertilization modes on paddy soil physics property[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2013,32(5):38-41.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[43]曹印龙.三江平原井灌稻区节水增温试验研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2008.Cao Yinlong.Study on the Saving-Irrigation and Increasing Irrigated Water Temperature in Well Irrigation Area in Sanjiang Plain Through Experiment[D].Harbin:Dongbei Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[44]Edmond T,Leo S,Euloge A.Mulching upland rice for efficient water management:A collaborative approach in Benin[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,125:71-80.
[45]余双,崔远来,王力,等.水稻间歇灌溉对土壤肥力的影响[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2016,49(1):46-51.Yu Shuang,Cui Yuanlai,Wang Li,et al.Effects of intermittent irrigation on rice paddy soil fertility[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2016,49(1):46-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[46]王绍华,曹卫星,丁艳锋,等.水氮互作对水稻氮吸收与利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(4):497-501.Wang Shaohua,Cao Weixing,Ding Yanfeng,et al.Interaction of water management and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen absorption and utilization rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(4):497-501.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[47]张维乐.水旱轮作秸秆还田条件下氮肥调控和钾肥替代效应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.Zhang Weile.Study of Nitrogen Management and Potassium Substitution Under Residues Incorporation in the Paddy-Upland Rotation System[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[48]王红妮,王学春,黄晶,等.秸秆还田对土壤还原性和水稻根系生长及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(20):116-126.Wang Hongni,Wang Xuechun,Huang Jing,et al.Effect of straw incorporated into soil on reducibility in soil and root system and yield of rice[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(20):116-126.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[49]刘贺.全生育期轻度干湿交替灌激对水稻产量和土壤性状的影晌[D].扬州:扬州大学,2016.Liu He.Effect of Alternative Wetting and Moderate Drying Irrigation During Whole Growth Period on Grain Yield and Soil Properties in Rice[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[50]侯海军,张文钊,沈建林,等.水分管理对稻田细菌丰度与群落结构的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(9):1431-1438.Hou Haijun,Zhang Wenzhao,Sheng Jianlin,et al.Effect of water management on soil bacterial abundance and community in the rice paddy field[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(9):1431-1438.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[51]潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环.秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(5):526-535.Pan Jianling,Dai Wanan,Shang Zhanhuan.Review of research progress on the influence and mechanism of field straw residue incorporation on soil organic matter and nitrogen availability[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(5):526-535.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]Pathak H,Singh R,Bhatia A,et al.Recycling of rice straw to improve wheat yield and soil fertility and reduce atmospheric pollution[J].Paddy and Water Environment,2006,4:111-117.
[3]张水清,钟旭华,黄农荣,等.稻草覆盖还田对华南双季晚稻物质生产和产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(3):284-290.Zhang Shuiqing,Zhong Xuhua,Huang Nongrong,et al.Effects of straw mulching on dry matter production and grain yield of double cropping late season rice(Oryza sativa)in south China[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2011,25(3):284-290.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]吴建富,潘晓华,石庆华.施氮量对免耕抛栽稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2011,33(6):1031-1036.Wu Jianfu,Pan Xiaohua,Shi Qinghua.Effects of nitrogen application on yield of no-tillage and cast transplanted rice and its nitrogen absorption[J].Acta Agricultural Universitatis Jiangxiebsis,2011,33(6):1031-1036.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]何虎,吴建富,曾研华,等.稻草全量还田下氮肥运筹对双季晚稻产量及其氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):811-820.He Hu,Wu Jianfu,Zeng Yanhua,et al.Effects of nitrogen management on yield and nitrogen utilization of double cropping late rice under total rice straw incorporation[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(4):811-820.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]王永吉.寒地稻草还田与施氮对土壤速效氮及水稻氮素吸收的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.Wang Yongji.Effects of Rice Straw Incorporation and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Available Nitrogen and Nitrogen Absorption of Rice in Cold Areas[D].Harbin:Dongbei Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]戴志刚,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):272-276.Dai Zhigang,Lu Jianwei,Li Xiaokun,et al.Nutrient release characteristic of different crop straws manure[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(6):272-276.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]武际,郭熙盛,王允青,等.不同水稻栽培模式和秸秆还田方式下的油菜、小麦秸秆腐解特征[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(16):3351-3360.Wu Ji,Guo Xisheng,Wang Yunqing,et al.Decomposition characteristics of rapeseed and wheat straws under different rice cultivations and straw mulching models[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(16):3351-3360.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]李逢雨,孙锡发,冯文强,等.麦秆、油菜秆还田腐解速率及养分释放规律研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):374-380.Li Fengyu,Sun Xifa,Fen Wenqiang,et al.Nutrient release patterns and decomposing rates of wheat and rapeseed straw[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(2):374-380.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]闫超.水稻秸秆还田腐解规律及对土壤特性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015.Yan Chao.Studies on Decomposition Regularity of Returning Rice Straw and Soil Nutrient Properties[D].Harbin:Dongbei Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]樊红柱,曾祥忠,吕世华.水稻不同移栽密度的氮肥效应及氮素去向[J].核农学报,2009,23(4):681-685.Fan Hongzhu,Zeng Xiangzhong,Lv Shihua.Nitrogen utilization efficiency and fate of fertilizer under different transplanting density[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2009,23(4):681-685.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]徐新宇,张玉梅,胡济生.应用15N示踪研究麦秸还田中氮的去向[J].土壤学报,1989,26(1):64-70.Xu Xinyu,Zhang Yumei,Hu Jisheng.Studies on the fate of nitrogen in wheat stubble applied on soil surface and incorporated with soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1989,26(1):64-70.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]丁文成.氮肥管理对稻巧氮转化和有效性影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.Ding Wencheng.Effect of Fertilizer Nitrogen Management on Transformation and Availiablity of Straw Nitrogen[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS),2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]Fortes C,Vitti A C,Otto R,et al.Contribution of nitrogen from sugarcane harvest residues and urea for crop nutrition[J].Scientia Agricola,2013,70(5):313-320.
[15]吴烨东.哈尔滨市水稻测土施肥氮肥施用效果研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.Wu Yedong.Research on Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application in Harbin Fertilization of Soil Testing[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS),2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]张福锁.测土配方施肥技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2010.
[17]韩军,闫童,张磊,等.鲁南地区水稻土壤养分丰缺及推荐施肥指标体系研究[J].山东农业科学,2016,48(8):93-97.Han Jun,Yan Tong,Zhang Lei,et al.Study on abundance and deficiency of soil nutrient and fertilization recommendation index system for rice in south Shandong[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2016,48(8):93-97.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]赵士诚,曹彩云,李科江,等.长期秸秆还田对华北潮土肥力、氮库组分及作物产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1441-1449.Zhao Shicheng,Cao Caiyun,Li Kejiang,et al.Effects of long-term straw return on soil fertility,N pool fractions and crop yields on a fluvo-aquic soil in North China[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(6):1441-1449.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]西尾道徳.堆肥·有機質肥料の基礎知識[D].東京:農山漁村文化協会,2007.
[20]刘世平,陈后庆,陈文林,等.不同耕作方式与秸秆还田周年生产力的综合评价[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(4):82-85.Liu Shiping,Chen Houqing,Chen Wenlin,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of tillage and straw returning on yearly productivity[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2009,25(4):82-85.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]黑龙江统计局,国家统计局黑龙江调查总队编.黑龙江省统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[22]何琏.中国三江平原[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,2000.
[23]曾昭顺,徐琪,高子勤,等.中国白浆土[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1997.
[24]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:30-165.
[25]陈杰.水稻氮素行为及施氮优化模拟研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004.Chen Jie.Simulation Studies on Nitrogen Dynamics and Fertilizer-N Optimization for Rice Production[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2004.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]代文才,高明,兰木羚,等.不同作物秸秆在旱地和水田中的腐解特性及养分释放规律[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(2):188-199.Dai Wencai,Gao Ming,Lan Muling,et al.Nutrient release patterns and decomposition characteristics of different crop straws in drylands and paddy fields[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(2):188-199.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]谭可菲,王麒,刘传增,等.黑龙江西部地区水稻秸秆腐解特征研究[J].中国稻米,2018,24(4):96-98.Tan Kefei,Wang Qi,Liu Chuanzeng,et al.Decomposition characteristics of rice straw in western Heilongjiang[J].China Rice,2018,24(4):96-98.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]闫超.水稻秸秆还田腐解规律及对土壤养分和酶活性的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.Yan Chao.Decomposition Regularity of Rice Straw Returning to Soil and its Effect on Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activity[D].Harbin:Dongbei Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]张金涛.玉米秸秆直接还田对土壤中氮素生物有效性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.Zhang Jintao.The Effect of Maize Straw Return on the Bio-Availability of Nitrogen in Formland Soil[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2010.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]Mohanty M,Probert M E,Reddy K,et al.Modelling Nmineralization from high C:N crop residues[J].Agrochimica,2011,20(5):551-570.
[31]Ding X L,He H B,Zhang B,et al.Plant-N incorporation into microbial amino sugars as affected by inorganic N addition:A microcosm study of 15N-labeled maize residue decomposition[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(9):1968-1974.
[32]Alison J Eagle,Jeffrey A Bird,William R Horwath,et al.Rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency under alternative straw management practices[J].Agronomy Journal,2000,92(6):1096-1102.
[33]梁斌,赵伟,杨学云,等.氮肥及其与秸秆配施在不同肥力土壤的固持及供应[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(9):1750-1757.Liang Bin,Zhao Wei,Yang Xueyun,et al.Nitrogen retention and supply after addition of N fertilizer and its combination with straw in the soils with different fertilities[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(9):1750-1757.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]南雄雄,田霄鸿,张琳,等.小麦和玉米秸秆腐解特点及对土壤中碳、氮含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):626-633.Nan Xiongxiong,Tian Xiaohong,Zhang Lin,et al.Decomposition characteristics of maize and wheat straw and their effects on soil carbon and nitrogen contents[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2010,16(3):626-633.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]李贵桐,赵紫娟,黄元仿,等.秸秆还田对土壤氮素转化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):162-167.Li Guitong,Zhao Zijuan,Huang Yuanfang,et al.Effect of straw returning on soil nitrogen transformation[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2002,8(2):162-167.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[36]王鹏,曾玲玲,王发鹏,等.秸秆还田对烤烟氮积累、分配及利用的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008(4):43-46.Wang Peng,Zeng Lingling,Wang Fapeng,et al.Effects of wheat straw returning soil on N accumulation distribution and utilization of flue-cured tobacco[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2008(4):43-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[37]Fabio Castelli,Enrico Ceotto,Renato Contillo.Reduced Nsupply limits the nitrate content of flue-cured tobacco[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Evelopment,2011,31(2):329-335.
[38]肖小平,李超,唐海明,等.秸秆还田下减氮增密对双季稻田土壤氮素库容及氮素利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,27(3):422-430.Xiao Xiaoping,Li Chao,Tang Haiming,et al.Soil nitrogen storage capacity and nitrogen recovery efficiency of double paddy fields under nitrogen-reduction and density-increase measures[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018,27(3):422-430.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[39]龙瑞平,张朝钟,戈芹英,等.施氮量对高海拔机插粳稻产量及群体生长特性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(2):89-95.Long Ruiping,Zhang Chaozhong,Ge Qinying,et al.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and population growth characteristics of high altitude mechanical transplanting japonica rice[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2018(2):89-95.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[40]王秋菊.黑龙江地区土壤肥力和积温对水稻产量、品质影响研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.Wang Qiuju.Effect of Soil Fertility and Temperature on Rice Yield and Quality in Heilongjiang Area[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[41]陈梦云.不同土壤类型下灌溉方式对水稻产量形成、根系形态和品质的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2008.Chen Mengyun.Effect of Different Irrigation Methods on Yield and Quality of Rice Under Different Soil Types[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[42]陈祯,崔远来,刘方平,等.不同灌溉施肥模式对水稻土物理性质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(5):38-41.Chen Zhen,Cui Yuanlai,Liu Fangping,et al.Effect of different irrigation and fertilization modes on paddy soil physics property[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2013,32(5):38-41.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[43]曹印龙.三江平原井灌稻区节水增温试验研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2008.Cao Yinlong.Study on the Saving-Irrigation and Increasing Irrigated Water Temperature in Well Irrigation Area in Sanjiang Plain Through Experiment[D].Harbin:Dongbei Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[44]Edmond T,Leo S,Euloge A.Mulching upland rice for efficient water management:A collaborative approach in Benin[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,125:71-80.
[45]余双,崔远来,王力,等.水稻间歇灌溉对土壤肥力的影响[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2016,49(1):46-51.Yu Shuang,Cui Yuanlai,Wang Li,et al.Effects of intermittent irrigation on rice paddy soil fertility[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2016,49(1):46-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[46]王绍华,曹卫星,丁艳锋,等.水氮互作对水稻氮吸收与利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(4):497-501.Wang Shaohua,Cao Weixing,Ding Yanfeng,et al.Interaction of water management and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen absorption and utilization rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(4):497-501.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[47]张维乐.水旱轮作秸秆还田条件下氮肥调控和钾肥替代效应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.Zhang Weile.Study of Nitrogen Management and Potassium Substitution Under Residues Incorporation in the Paddy-Upland Rotation System[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[48]王红妮,王学春,黄晶,等.秸秆还田对土壤还原性和水稻根系生长及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(20):116-126.Wang Hongni,Wang Xuechun,Huang Jing,et al.Effect of straw incorporated into soil on reducibility in soil and root system and yield of rice[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(20):116-126.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[49]刘贺.全生育期轻度干湿交替灌激对水稻产量和土壤性状的影晌[D].扬州:扬州大学,2016.Liu He.Effect of Alternative Wetting and Moderate Drying Irrigation During Whole Growth Period on Grain Yield and Soil Properties in Rice[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[50]侯海军,张文钊,沈建林,等.水分管理对稻田细菌丰度与群落结构的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(9):1431-1438.Hou Haijun,Zhang Wenzhao,Sheng Jianlin,et al.Effect of water management on soil bacterial abundance and community in the rice paddy field[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(9):1431-1438.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[51]潘剑玲,代万安,尚占环.秸秆还田对土壤有机质和氮素有效性影响及机制研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(5):526-535.Pan Jianling,Dai Wanan,Shang Zhanhuan.Review of research progress on the influence and mechanism of field straw residue incorporation on soil organic matter and nitrogen availability[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(5):526-535.(in Chinese with English abstract)