陕西某钼矿区土壤重金属污染特征及评价
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摘要
针对陕西某钼矿区不同区域进行土壤样品采集,利用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合指数和潜在生态风险指数法进行土壤污染评价与分析。结果表明:钼矿区周边土壤重金属Zn浓度最大,Cu、Zn变异系数分别为151. 75%、137. 85%,属于高等变异;土壤Cu污染最为严重,重度污染率达30. 00%;矿坑下游河岸区域(Q2)和露天采矿区域(Q4)土壤综合潜在生态风险指数分别为323. 84和382. 24,为强潜在生态风险,周边农田区域为轻微潜在生态风险;研究区土壤各重金属潜在生态风险存在一定的差异性,其中Cd和Hg具有极强的潜在生态风险;土壤重金属污染在Q2、生活区域(Q3)和Q4区域内应重点防控,其中Cu、Zn、Cd和As的危害应引起重视。今后应加强矿产开采生产活动中的生态环境管控,避免和降低重金属污染转移;同时,钼矿区及周边区域整体上土壤重金属潜在生态风险可控,后期需进一步加强重点区域的环境风险监测。
Soil samples were collected from different sites in a molybdenum ore area in Shaanxi Province. Method of single factor pollution index, Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index were used for soil pollution evaluation and analysis. The results showed that the concentration of Zn was the highest among all heavy metals around the molybdenum ore district. The variation coefficients of Cu and Zn were 151. 75% and 137. 85%respectively, which belonged to higher variation. Pollution of Cu was the most serious in the soil, as the serious pollution rate reached 30. 00%. Comprehensive potential ecological risk index of soil in the downstream river of mine( Q2) and the open-air ore area( Q4) were 323. 84 and 382. 24 respectively, which belonged to strong ecological risk, while the ecological risk degree in the surrounding farmland was slight. There existed difference among the potential ecological risk of soil heavy metals in the study area. Among all heavy metals, Cd and Hg had potential ecological risk with extremely high strength. Q2, Q3 and Q4 zones should be a key control area for soil heavy metal pollution prevention and control, and the harmful effects of Cu, Zn, Cd and As should be taken seriously. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the ecological environment control of mineral mining and production activities in the future to avoid and reduce the transfer of heavy metal pollution. Meantime, the potential ecological risk of soil heavy metal was controllable in the molybdenum ore area and the surrounding area, and the environmental risk monitoring in key areas should be further strengthened.
Soil samples were collected from different sites in a molybdenum ore area in Shaanxi Province. Method of single factor pollution index, Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index were used for soil pollution evaluation and analysis. The results showed that the concentration of Zn was the highest among all heavy metals around the molybdenum ore district. The variation coefficients of Cu and Zn were 151. 75% and 137. 85%respectively, which belonged to higher variation. Pollution of Cu was the most serious in the soil, as the serious pollution rate reached 30. 00%. Comprehensive potential ecological risk index of soil in the downstream river of mine( Q2) and the open-air ore area( Q4) were 323. 84 and 382. 24 respectively, which belonged to strong ecological risk, while the ecological risk degree in the surrounding farmland was slight. There existed difference among the potential ecological risk of soil heavy metals in the study area. Among all heavy metals, Cd and Hg had potential ecological risk with extremely high strength. Q2, Q3 and Q4 zones should be a key control area for soil heavy metal pollution prevention and control, and the harmful effects of Cu, Zn, Cd and As should be taken seriously. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the ecological environment control of mineral mining and production activities in the future to avoid and reduce the transfer of heavy metal pollution. Meantime, the potential ecological risk of soil heavy metal was controllable in the molybdenum ore area and the surrounding area, and the environmental risk monitoring in key areas should be further strengthened.
引文
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[4]LARS H.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:a sediment logical approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[5]何东明,王晓飞,陈丽君,等.基于地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价广西某蔗田土壤重金属污染[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(2):126-131.HE D M,WANG X F,CHEN L J,et al.Assessment on heavy metals contaminations of sugarcane soil in Guangxi Province by the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2014,31(2):126-131.
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[7]刘勇,岳玲玲,李晋昌.太原市土壤重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(6):1285-1293.LIU Y,YUE L L,LI J C.Evaluation of heavy metal contamination and its potential ecological risk to the soil in Taiyuan,China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(6):1285-1293.
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[9]葛康,汪明武,陈光怡.基于集对分析与三角模糊数耦合的土壤重金属污染评价模型[J].土壤,2011,43(2):216-220.GE K,WANG M W,CHEN G Y.A coupling model of set pair analysis and triangular fuzzy numbers for evaluation of soil heavy metal pollution[J].Soils,2011,43(2):216-220.
[10]于云江,胡林凯,李定龙,等.某典型农业区农田土壤重金属污染的健康风险初步评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(8):693-695.YU Y J,HU L K,LI D L,et al.Risk assessment of heavy metals pollution in farmland soils in a typical agricultural area:a preliminary report[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2010,27(8):693-695.
[11]胡碧峰,王佳昱,傅婷婷,等.空间分析在土壤重金属污染研究中的应用[J].土壤通报,2017,48(4):1014-1024.HU B F,WANG J Y,FU T T,et al.Application of spatial analysis on soil heavy metal contamination:a review[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2017,48(4):1014-1024.
[12]Third national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals[R].Washington DC:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,2005.
[13]王玉峰,王建平,戚开静,等.中国钼产业国际地位的变化及可持续发展建议[J].中国矿业,2011,20(9):9-12.WANG Y F,WANG J P,QI K J,et al.Changes of international status of some suggestions on its Chinese molybdenum industry and sustainable development[J].China Mining Magazine,2011,20(9):9-12.
[14]杨自军,龙塔,冉林武,等.钼的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的作用[J].河南科技大学学报(农学版),2004(2):40-43.YANG Z J,LONG T,RANG L W,et al.Molybdenum's biological function and roles in animal production[J].Jouranl of Henan University of Science and Technlogy(Agricultural Science),2004(2):40-43.
[15]黄凡,王登红,王成辉,等.中国钼矿资源特征及其成矿规律概要[J].地质学报,2014,88(12):2296-2314.HUANG F,WANG D H,WANG C H,et al.Resources characteristics of molybdenum deposits and their regional metallogeny in China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(12):2296-2314.
[16]张照志,王贤伟,张剑锋,等.中国钼矿资源供需预测[J].地球学报,2017,38(1):69-76.ZHANG Z Z,WANG X W,ZHANG J F,et al.The prediction of molybdenum mineral demand and supply in China[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2017,38(1):69-76.
[17]张文钲.钼选矿学技术发展现状与展望[J].中国钼业,2011,35(1):1-6.ZHANG W Z.Current situation and prospect of technological deveiopment for molybdenum ore dressing[J].China Molybdenum Industry,2011,35(1):1-6.
[18]da SILVA F E,ALMEIDA S F,NUNES M L,et al.Heavy metal pollution downstream the abandoned Coval da Mómine(Portugal)and associated effects on epilithic diatom communities[J].Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(21):178-181.
[19]毛香菊,马亚梦,邹安华,等.内蒙古草原某铜钼矿区土壤重金属污染特征研究[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(6):156-161.MAO X J,MA Y M,ZOU A H,et al.Characteristics of heavy metals in soils from a copper-molybdenum mining area of grassland in Inner Mongolia[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(6):156-161.
[20]曲蛟,王红雨,袁星,等.钼矿尾矿区蔬菜地土壤中重金属含量分析与生态风险预警评估[J].安全与环境学报,2008(2):76-79.QU J,WANG H Y,YUAN X,et al.Heavy metal content and the ecological risk warning assessment of the vegetable land-soil near the tailing-areas of molybdenum ore[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2008(2):76-79.
[21]肖振林,丛俏,曲蛟.钼矿区周边果园土壤重金属污染评价及对水果品质的影响[J].科学技术与工程,2010,10(23):5831-5834.XIAO Z L,CONG Q,QU J.Assessment of heavy mental pollution in orchard soil and its affections to fruit quality around molybdenum mining area[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2010,10(23):5831-5834.
[22]肖振林,曲蛟,丛俏.杨家杖子钼矿区周边果园土壤和水果中重金属污染评价[J].吉林农业科学,2011,36(3):58-60.XIAO Z L,QU J,CONG Q.Assessment of heavy metal pollution in orchard soil and fruits around molybdenum mining area of Yangjiazhangzi[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2011,36(3):58-60.
[23]丛俏,袁星,曲蛟,等.钼矿区周边农田土壤中重金属污染状况的分析与评价[J].中国环境监测,2009,25(1):47-51.CONG Q,YUAN X,QU J,et al.The analysis and assessment on the pollution condition of heavy metals in the soil in the farmland around the molybdenum ore areas[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2009,25(1):47-51.
[24]贾婷,贾洋洋,余淑娟,等.闽东某钼矿周边农田土壤钼和重金属的污染状况[J].中国环境监测,2015,31(1):45-49.JIA T,JIA Y Y,YU S J,et al.Pollution of molybdenum and heavy metals of the soils and rice near a molybdenum mining site in Eastern Fujian[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2015,31(1):45-49.
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