复合微生物肥料替代部分复合肥对花生生长及根际土壤微生物和理化性质的影响
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摘要
通过田间小区试验,研究了不同比例的复合微生物肥料替代复合肥对花生根际土壤环境及产量的影响。结果显示,与常规施肥(100%复合肥)相比,复合微生物肥料替代量在30%～70%范围内,显著提高了苗期和成熟期花生根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌总量,且根际细菌和放线菌数随生育期的推移提高比例逐渐升高,而真菌数的变化趋势与之相反。同时,显著提高了苗期土壤过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、中性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,而替代量为50%和70%时降低了土壤脲酶活性,到成熟期不同替代配比均降低了土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性,提高了土壤脱氢酶活性,进而降低了苗期和结荚期土壤碱解氮含量而提高了全氮含量,也提高了各生育期土壤有机质和速效钾含量以及结荚期和成熟期土壤有效磷含量。当替代量为50%时,产量提高了5. 23%,最终实现了养地增产的效果。
The effects of compound fertilizer replaced by compound microbial fertilizers in different proportions on rhizosphere soil environment and yield of peanut were studied by field experiment. Results showed that,compared with conventional fertilization(100% compound fertilizer),compound fertilizer replaced from 30% to 70% by compound microbial fertilizers,significantly increased the total amount of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil ofpeanut at seedling and maturity stage,and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere increased gradually with the growth of peanut,while the number of fungi showed the opposite tendency. Meanwhile the activities of soil catalase,dehydrogenase,neutral phosphatase and sucrase at seedling stage were significantly increased,while the activities of soil urease were decreased at 50% and 70% substitution levels. However,the activities of soil urease and sucrase were decreased,while dehydrogenase was increased at maturity stage by different substitution ratios. The content of soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased,but the total nitrogen content increased at seedling and pod stage,meanwhile,soil organic matter and soil available potassium increased at each growth stage,and soil available phosphorus concentration at pod and mature stage. When the substitution amount was 50%,the yield was increased by5. 23%,consequently realizing the effect of increasing yield by enriched soil.
The effects of compound fertilizer replaced by compound microbial fertilizers in different proportions on rhizosphere soil environment and yield of peanut were studied by field experiment. Results showed that,compared with conventional fertilization(100% compound fertilizer),compound fertilizer replaced from 30% to 70% by compound microbial fertilizers,significantly increased the total amount of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil ofpeanut at seedling and maturity stage,and the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere increased gradually with the growth of peanut,while the number of fungi showed the opposite tendency. Meanwhile the activities of soil catalase,dehydrogenase,neutral phosphatase and sucrase at seedling stage were significantly increased,while the activities of soil urease were decreased at 50% and 70% substitution levels. However,the activities of soil urease and sucrase were decreased,while dehydrogenase was increased at maturity stage by different substitution ratios. The content of soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased,but the total nitrogen content increased at seedling and pod stage,meanwhile,soil organic matter and soil available potassium increased at each growth stage,and soil available phosphorus concentration at pod and mature stage. When the substitution amount was 50%,the yield was increased by5. 23%,consequently realizing the effect of increasing yield by enriched soil.
引文
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[17]库永丽,徐国益,赵骅,等.腐植酸复合微生物肥料对高龄猕猴桃果园土壤改良及果实品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(3):167-175.
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[20]陈剑山,李鹏,张曼丽,等.氨基酸水溶肥与微生物菌剂混用抑制豇豆枯萎病的效果[J].中国植保导刊,2015,35(8):52-53
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[24]孙薇,钱勋,付青霞,等.生物有机肥对秦巴山区核桃园土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1224-1233.
[25]杜社妮,梁银丽,徐福利,等.施肥对日光温室土壤微生物与酶活性变化的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(4):68-71.
[26]尹睿,张华勇,黄锦法,等.保护地菜田与稻麦轮作田土壤微生物学特征的比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(1):57-62.
[27]陈娟丽,师尚礼,祁娟.复合菌肥与化肥配施对高寒地区土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].草原与草坪,2016,36(1):7-13.
[28]邱晓丽.不同生物有机肥对土壤生物活性以及对马铃薯的生物效应的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2018.
[29]姜佳琦.生物有机肥对大蒜连作土壤酶、微生物及养分的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.
[30]陈哲,赵永锋,张建嶺.长期施用复合微生物肥对农田土壤速效养分的影响[J].现代农业科技,2014(19):241.
[31]于秀丽,赵明家.增施生物有机肥对盐碱土壤养分的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2013,35(1):50-54.
[2]权国玲,谢开云,仝宗永,等.复合微生物肥料对羊草草原土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(2):27-36.
[3]闫瑞瑞,卫智军,乌仁其其格,等.微生物肥料对呼伦贝尔打孔羊草草甸草原土壤微生物及酶活性的影响研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(4):597-604.
[4]王素英,陶光灿,谢光辉,等.我国微生物肥料的应用研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(1):14-18.
[5]汪军,梁昌聪,周游,等.复合微生物肥料对香蕉枯萎病防控作用研究[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(8):36-41.
[6]杜海霞,李娟.复合微生物肥料在生姜上的应用效应田间试验初探[J].基层农技推广,2017,5(10):36-37.
[7]曹放波,单双吕,高伟,等.欣庆凹凸棒复合微生物肥料与调节剂对水稻生长及镉含量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2017(4):4-6.
[8]李庆康,张永春,杨其飞,等.生物有机肥肥效机理及应用前景展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(2):78-80.
[9]陈琳,谷洁,胡婷,等.生物有机肥对板栗土壤微生物群落代谢活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1627-1632.
[10]占新华,蒋延惠,徐阳春,等.微生物制剂促进植物生长机理的研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(2):97-105.
[11]何绍江,陈雯莉.微生物实验[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:45-48.
[12]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:14-114.
[13]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:294-297.
[14]邱波,罗燕江,杜国祯.施肥梯度对甘南高寒草甸植被特征的影响[J].草业学报,2004,13(6):65-68.
[15]史鸿志,朱德峰,张玉屏,等.复合微生物肥应用对水稻产量及效益的影响[J].中国稻米,2016,22(3):75-77.
[16]梁和钦,李富山,张翰君,等.复合微生物有机肥在红心火龙果上的施用效果试验[J].安徽农学通报,2018,24(1):54-56.
[17]库永丽,徐国益,赵骅,等.腐植酸复合微生物肥料对高龄猕猴桃果园土壤改良及果实品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(3):167-175.
[18]王光华,齐晓宁,金剑,等.施肥对黑土农田土壤全碳、微生物量碳及土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(4):661-666.
[19]王传杰,肖婧,蔡岸冬,等.不同气候与施肥条件下农田土壤微生物生物量特征与容量分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(6):1067-1075.
[20]陈剑山,李鹏,张曼丽,等.氨基酸水溶肥与微生物菌剂混用抑制豇豆枯萎病的效果[J].中国植保导刊,2015,35(8):52-53
[21]张晟.微生物肥料对枸杞种植地土壤生态特征及理化性质的影响[J].林业科技通讯,2018(3):71-72.
[22]De FOREST J L.The influence of time,storage temperature,and substrate age on potential soil enzyme activity in acidic forest soils using MUB-linked substrates and L-DOPA[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(6):1180-1186.
[23]朱金峰,王小东,郭传滨,等.施用微生物菌剂对土壤关键酶活性和烤烟根系生长的影响[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(9):31-35
[24]孙薇,钱勋,付青霞,等.生物有机肥对秦巴山区核桃园土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1224-1233.
[25]杜社妮,梁银丽,徐福利,等.施肥对日光温室土壤微生物与酶活性变化的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(4):68-71.
[26]尹睿,张华勇,黄锦法,等.保护地菜田与稻麦轮作田土壤微生物学特征的比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(1):57-62.
[27]陈娟丽,师尚礼,祁娟.复合菌肥与化肥配施对高寒地区土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].草原与草坪,2016,36(1):7-13.
[28]邱晓丽.不同生物有机肥对土壤生物活性以及对马铃薯的生物效应的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2018.
[29]姜佳琦.生物有机肥对大蒜连作土壤酶、微生物及养分的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.
[30]陈哲,赵永锋,张建嶺.长期施用复合微生物肥对农田土壤速效养分的影响[J].现代农业科技,2014(19):241.
[31]于秀丽,赵明家.增施生物有机肥对盐碱土壤养分的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2013,35(1):50-54.