电性源地-井瞬变电磁法全分量响应特性与探测能力分析
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摘要
结合地面电性源瞬变电磁法(TEM)探测深度大和地-井TEM探测精度高的优点,本文提出对电性源地-井TEM进行研究.基于一维正演理论,本文对电性源在地下激发的六个电磁场分量的扩散、分布特性和探测能力进行分析研究.研究结果表明地下瞬变场各分量的分布特征与地面情况类似,但是对地层的探测能力与地面情况存在较大差别.各分量的探测能力与它们的扩散特性有关,其中受积累电荷作用,垂直电场E_z和水平磁场■分量对目标层的反映最为明显,E_x和■分量在地下扩散时受"返回电流"的影响会出现变号现象,使得异常体带来的影响被掩盖,不易被分辨.本文研究结果为发展电性源地-井TEM的施工技术、数据处理与解释,建立了相应的理论基础,获得了对该方法的初步认识.
Considering the advantages of great detection depth of electric source transient electromagnetic method(TEM)and high detection precision of surface-to-borehole TEM,this paper proposed a study on the electric source surface-to-borehole TEM.Based on the onedimensional forwarding algorithm,we analyzed the diffusion,distribution and detection capabilities of all the six electromagnetic field components excited by an electric source on the ground.The results show that the distributions of the underground EM fields are similar to those on the ground,but there is a big difference between their detection abilities.The detection ability of each component is related to their diffusion characteristics.The vertical electric field E_(z )and horizontal magnetic component d H_x/dt reflect the target layer most clearly when subjected to the accumulated charge.The value sign of underground E_xand d H_y/dt components will change affected by the‘return current’,making the anomaly caused by the targets are blurred.The research results in this paper are to develop the construction technology,data processing and interpretation of the electrical source surface-to-borehole TEM,establish the corresponding theoretical basis,and obtain a preliminary understanding of the method.
Considering the advantages of great detection depth of electric source transient electromagnetic method(TEM)and high detection precision of surface-to-borehole TEM,this paper proposed a study on the electric source surface-to-borehole TEM.Based on the onedimensional forwarding algorithm,we analyzed the diffusion,distribution and detection capabilities of all the six electromagnetic field components excited by an electric source on the ground.The results show that the distributions of the underground EM fields are similar to those on the ground,but there is a big difference between their detection abilities.The detection ability of each component is related to their diffusion characteristics.The vertical electric field E_(z )and horizontal magnetic component d H_x/dt reflect the target layer most clearly when subjected to the accumulated charge.The value sign of underground E_xand d H_y/dt components will change affected by the‘return current’,making the anomaly caused by the targets are blurred.The research results in this paper are to develop the construction technology,data processing and interpretation of the electrical source surface-to-borehole TEM,establish the corresponding theoretical basis,and obtain a preliminary understanding of the method.
引文
Augustin A M,Kennedy W D,et al.1989.A theoretical study of surface-to-borehole electromagnetic logging in cased holes.Geophysics,54(1):90-99.
Boyd G W,Wiles C J.1984.The Newmont drill-hole EMP systemexamples from Australia.Geophysics,49(7):949-956.
Chen W Y,Xue G Q,Cui J W,et al.2016.Study on the response and optimal observation area for SOTEM.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(2):739-748,doi:10.6038/cjg20160231.
Chen W Y,Xue G Q,Olatayo A L,et al.2017a.A comparison of loop time-domain electromagnetic and short-offset transient electromagnetic methods for mapping water-enriched zones-Acase history in Shaanxi,China.Geophysics,82(6):B201-B208,doi:10.1190/geo2017-0070.1.
Chen W Y,Khan M Y,Xue G Q.2017b.Response of surface-toborehole SOTEM method on 2Dearth.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,14(4):987-997.
Dai X P.2013.A research on three-dimensional response characteristic of borehole transient electromagnetic method[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing).
Dyck A V.1991.Drill-hole electromagnetic methods.∥Nabighian M M ed.Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,881-929.
Eaton P A,Hohmann G W.1984.The influence of a conductive host on two-dimensional borehole transient electromagnetic response.Geophysics,49(7):861-869.
Gunderson B M,Newman G A,Hohmann G W.1986.Threedimensional transient electromagnetic responses for a grounded source.Geophysics,51(11):2117-2130.
Irvine R J.1987.Drillhole TEM surveys at Thalanga,Queensland.Exploration Geophysics,18(3):285-293.
Kaufman A A,Keller G V.1983.Frequency and Transient Soundings.New York:Elsevier.
Key K.2009.1D inversion of multicomponent,multifrequency marine CSEM data:Methodology and synthetic studies for resolving thin resistive layers.Geophysics,74(2):F9-F20.
Li J H,Liu S C,Jiao X F,et al.2015.Three-dimensional forward modeling for surface-borehole transient electromagnetic method.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),50(3):556-564.
Macnae J,Staltari G.1987.Classification of sign changes in Borehole TEM decays.Exploration Geophysics,18(3):331-339.
Meng Q X,Pan H P.2012.Numerical simulation analysis of surface-hole TEM responses.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(3):1046-1053,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.035.
Nabighian M N.1991.Electromagnetic methods in applied geophysics:volume 2,application,Part A and B.∥61st Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Newman G A,Anderson W L,Hohmann G W.1989.Effect of conductive host rock on borehole transient electromagnetic responses.Geophysics,54(5):598-608.
Niu Z L.2007.Time-domain Electromagnetic Method(in Chinese).Changsha:Central South University Press.
Piao H R.1990.Theory of Electromagnetic Sounding(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Skokan C K,Andersen H T.1991.Deep long-offset transient electromagnetic surveys for crustal studies in the U.S.A.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,66(1-2):39-50.
Spies B R.1989.Depth of investigation in electromagnetic sounding methods.Geophysics,54(7):872-888.
Strack K M.1992.Exploration with Deep Transient Electromagnetic Method.New York:Elsevier.
Um E S.2005.On the physics of galvanic source electromagnetic geophysical methods for terrestrial and marine exploration[Master′s thesis].Madison:University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Weng A H,Liu Y,Yin C C,et al.2016.Singularity-free Green′s function for EM sources embedded in a stratified medium.Applied Geophysics,13(1):25-36.
West R C,Ward S H.1988.The borehole transient electromagnetic response of a three-dimensional fracture zone in a conductive half-space.Geophysics,53(11):1469-1478.
Wu J J,Li X,Zhi Q Q,et al.2017a.A preliminary analysis of anomalous TEM response characteristics in borehole with electric source transmitter.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),41(1):129-135.
Wu J J,Li X,Zhi Q Q,et al.2017b.Full field apparent resistivity definition of borehole TEM with electric source.Chinese Journal Geophysics(in Chinese),60(4):1595-1605,doi:10.6038/cjg20170431.
Xue G Q,Chen W Y,Zhou N N,et al.2013.Short-offset TEMtechnique with a grounded wire source for deep sounding.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(1):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
Yang H Y,Xu Z Y,Yue J H,et al.2016.3Dinclined conductor behavior of down-hole transient electromagnetic method with overburden layer.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),40(1):190-196.
Yang Y,Deng X H,Zhang J,et al.2014.A borehole TEM anomaly inversion method.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),38(4):855-859,864.
Zhang J,Deng X H,Guo X,et al.2013.Typical cases of applying borehole TEM to deep prospecting in crisis mines.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),37(1):30-34.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Li H,et al.2016.A comparison of differentmode fields generated from grounded-wire source based on the 1Dmodel.Pure and Applied Geophysics,173(2):591-606.
陈卫营,薛国强,崔江伟等.2016.SOTEM响应特性分析与最佳观测区域研究.地球物理学报,59(2):739-748,doi:10.6038/cjg20160231.
戴雪平.2013.地-井瞬变电磁法三维响应特征研究[硕士论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京).
李建慧,刘树才,焦险峰等.2015.地-井瞬变电磁法三维正演研究.石油地球物理勘探,50(3):556-564.
孟庆鑫,潘和平.2012.地-井瞬变电磁响应特征数值模拟分析.地球物理学报,55(3):1046-1053,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.035.
牛之琏.2007.时间域电磁法原理.长沙:中南大学出版社.
朴化荣.1990.电磁测深法原理.北京:地质出版社.
武军杰,李貅,智庆全等.2017a.电性源地-井瞬变电磁异常场响应特征初步分析.物探与化探,41(1):129-135.
武军杰,李貅,智庆全等.2017b.电性源地-井瞬变电磁全域视电阻率定义.地球物理学报,60(4):1595-1605,doi:10.6038/cjg20170431.
薛国强,陈卫营,周楠楠等.2013.接地源瞬变电磁短偏移深部探测技术.地球物理学报,56(1):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
杨海燕,徐正玉,岳建华等.2016.覆盖层下三维板状体地-井瞬变电磁响应.物探与化探,40(1):190-196.
杨毅,邓晓红,张杰等.2014.一种井中瞬变电磁异常反演方法.物探与化探,38(4):855-859,864.
张杰,邓晓红,郭鑫等.2013.地-井TEM在危机矿山深部找矿中的应用实例.物探与化探,37(1):30-34.
Boyd G W,Wiles C J.1984.The Newmont drill-hole EMP systemexamples from Australia.Geophysics,49(7):949-956.
Chen W Y,Xue G Q,Cui J W,et al.2016.Study on the response and optimal observation area for SOTEM.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(2):739-748,doi:10.6038/cjg20160231.
Chen W Y,Xue G Q,Olatayo A L,et al.2017a.A comparison of loop time-domain electromagnetic and short-offset transient electromagnetic methods for mapping water-enriched zones-Acase history in Shaanxi,China.Geophysics,82(6):B201-B208,doi:10.1190/geo2017-0070.1.
Chen W Y,Khan M Y,Xue G Q.2017b.Response of surface-toborehole SOTEM method on 2Dearth.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,14(4):987-997.
Dai X P.2013.A research on three-dimensional response characteristic of borehole transient electromagnetic method[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing).
Dyck A V.1991.Drill-hole electromagnetic methods.∥Nabighian M M ed.Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,881-929.
Eaton P A,Hohmann G W.1984.The influence of a conductive host on two-dimensional borehole transient electromagnetic response.Geophysics,49(7):861-869.
Gunderson B M,Newman G A,Hohmann G W.1986.Threedimensional transient electromagnetic responses for a grounded source.Geophysics,51(11):2117-2130.
Irvine R J.1987.Drillhole TEM surveys at Thalanga,Queensland.Exploration Geophysics,18(3):285-293.
Kaufman A A,Keller G V.1983.Frequency and Transient Soundings.New York:Elsevier.
Key K.2009.1D inversion of multicomponent,multifrequency marine CSEM data:Methodology and synthetic studies for resolving thin resistive layers.Geophysics,74(2):F9-F20.
Li J H,Liu S C,Jiao X F,et al.2015.Three-dimensional forward modeling for surface-borehole transient electromagnetic method.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),50(3):556-564.
Macnae J,Staltari G.1987.Classification of sign changes in Borehole TEM decays.Exploration Geophysics,18(3):331-339.
Meng Q X,Pan H P.2012.Numerical simulation analysis of surface-hole TEM responses.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(3):1046-1053,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.035.
Nabighian M N.1991.Electromagnetic methods in applied geophysics:volume 2,application,Part A and B.∥61st Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Newman G A,Anderson W L,Hohmann G W.1989.Effect of conductive host rock on borehole transient electromagnetic responses.Geophysics,54(5):598-608.
Niu Z L.2007.Time-domain Electromagnetic Method(in Chinese).Changsha:Central South University Press.
Piao H R.1990.Theory of Electromagnetic Sounding(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
Skokan C K,Andersen H T.1991.Deep long-offset transient electromagnetic surveys for crustal studies in the U.S.A.Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,66(1-2):39-50.
Spies B R.1989.Depth of investigation in electromagnetic sounding methods.Geophysics,54(7):872-888.
Strack K M.1992.Exploration with Deep Transient Electromagnetic Method.New York:Elsevier.
Um E S.2005.On the physics of galvanic source electromagnetic geophysical methods for terrestrial and marine exploration[Master′s thesis].Madison:University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Weng A H,Liu Y,Yin C C,et al.2016.Singularity-free Green′s function for EM sources embedded in a stratified medium.Applied Geophysics,13(1):25-36.
West R C,Ward S H.1988.The borehole transient electromagnetic response of a three-dimensional fracture zone in a conductive half-space.Geophysics,53(11):1469-1478.
Wu J J,Li X,Zhi Q Q,et al.2017a.A preliminary analysis of anomalous TEM response characteristics in borehole with electric source transmitter.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),41(1):129-135.
Wu J J,Li X,Zhi Q Q,et al.2017b.Full field apparent resistivity definition of borehole TEM with electric source.Chinese Journal Geophysics(in Chinese),60(4):1595-1605,doi:10.6038/cjg20170431.
Xue G Q,Chen W Y,Zhou N N,et al.2013.Short-offset TEMtechnique with a grounded wire source for deep sounding.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(1):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
Yang H Y,Xu Z Y,Yue J H,et al.2016.3Dinclined conductor behavior of down-hole transient electromagnetic method with overburden layer.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),40(1):190-196.
Yang Y,Deng X H,Zhang J,et al.2014.A borehole TEM anomaly inversion method.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),38(4):855-859,864.
Zhang J,Deng X H,Guo X,et al.2013.Typical cases of applying borehole TEM to deep prospecting in crisis mines.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),37(1):30-34.
Zhou N N,Xue G Q,Li H,et al.2016.A comparison of differentmode fields generated from grounded-wire source based on the 1Dmodel.Pure and Applied Geophysics,173(2):591-606.
陈卫营,薛国强,崔江伟等.2016.SOTEM响应特性分析与最佳观测区域研究.地球物理学报,59(2):739-748,doi:10.6038/cjg20160231.
戴雪平.2013.地-井瞬变电磁法三维响应特征研究[硕士论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京).
李建慧,刘树才,焦险峰等.2015.地-井瞬变电磁法三维正演研究.石油地球物理勘探,50(3):556-564.
孟庆鑫,潘和平.2012.地-井瞬变电磁响应特征数值模拟分析.地球物理学报,55(3):1046-1053,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.03.035.
牛之琏.2007.时间域电磁法原理.长沙:中南大学出版社.
朴化荣.1990.电磁测深法原理.北京:地质出版社.
武军杰,李貅,智庆全等.2017a.电性源地-井瞬变电磁异常场响应特征初步分析.物探与化探,41(1):129-135.
武军杰,李貅,智庆全等.2017b.电性源地-井瞬变电磁全域视电阻率定义.地球物理学报,60(4):1595-1605,doi:10.6038/cjg20170431.
薛国强,陈卫营,周楠楠等.2013.接地源瞬变电磁短偏移深部探测技术.地球物理学报,56(1):255-261,doi:10.6038/cjg20130126.
杨海燕,徐正玉,岳建华等.2016.覆盖层下三维板状体地-井瞬变电磁响应.物探与化探,40(1):190-196.
杨毅,邓晓红,张杰等.2014.一种井中瞬变电磁异常反演方法.物探与化探,38(4):855-859,864.
张杰,邓晓红,郭鑫等.2013.地-井TEM在危机矿山深部找矿中的应用实例.物探与化探,37(1):30-34.