青蟹对蛋白质和脂肪的需求
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摘要
在室内养殖水槽进行59 d的饲养试验以确定青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)适宜的蛋白质和脂肪需求。采用4×2的双因素的试验方法,设计4种蛋白水平(34%、38%、42%和46%)和2种脂肪水平(6%和10%)。试验锯缘青蟹初始均重为(44.5±5.1) g,每组3个重复,每个重复放养15只青蟹。结果显示,在相同脂肪水平下,饲喂42%和46%蛋白组青蟹终末体重相对高于34%和38%饲料组;在相同蛋白质水平下,饲喂6%和10%脂肪组青蟹的终末体重不存在显著差异(P>0.05);青蟹的形态学参数和生化组成不受饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平的影响。研究结果显示,青蟹饲料中最适的蛋白质和脂肪需求分别为42%～46%和6%～10%。
A feeding trial was conducted to determine dietary protein and lipid requirements for juvenile Scylla paramamosain. A 4×2 factorial layout including four protein levels(34%, 38%, 42% and 46%) and two lipid levels(6%and 10%) was used. Juvenile S. paramamosain [initial weight(44.5±5.1) g] were fed the test diets for 59 d. At the same lipid level, the final body weight in S. paramamosain fed diet 42% and 46% crude protein were relative higher than that in S. paramamosain fed diet 34% and 38% crude protein. At the same protein level, no significant difference was found in the final body weight between S. paramamosain fed diets 6% and 10% crude lipid. There were no significant differences in morphological parameters and body composition(i.e., moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash) among all the treatment.The study reveals that the suitable dietary protein and lipid levels for S. paramamosain are 42%～46% and 6%～10%,respectively.
A feeding trial was conducted to determine dietary protein and lipid requirements for juvenile Scylla paramamosain. A 4×2 factorial layout including four protein levels(34%, 38%, 42% and 46%) and two lipid levels(6%and 10%) was used. Juvenile S. paramamosain [initial weight(44.5±5.1) g] were fed the test diets for 59 d. At the same lipid level, the final body weight in S. paramamosain fed diet 42% and 46% crude protein were relative higher than that in S. paramamosain fed diet 34% and 38% crude protein. At the same protein level, no significant difference was found in the final body weight between S. paramamosain fed diets 6% and 10% crude lipid. There were no significant differences in morphological parameters and body composition(i.e., moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash) among all the treatment.The study reveals that the suitable dietary protein and lipid levels for S. paramamosain are 42%～46% and 6%～10%,respectively.
引文
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[16]段青源,麦康森,申屠基康,等.不同蛋白质、脂肪水平对三疣梭子蟹生长和卵巢色素沉积的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(4):809-818.
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[18]汪留全,胡王,李海洋,等.饲料中脂肪水平对幼蟹生长和饲料利用率的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2003,12(1):19-23.
[19] Ozorio, Roa, Valente, et al. Growth performance and body composition of white seabream(Diplodus sargus)juveniles fed diets with different protein and lipid levels[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2006, 37:255-263.
[20] Wang Y, Guo J L, Li K, et al. Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on growth, feed utilization and body composition of cuneate drum(Nibea miichthioides)[J]. Aquaculture, 2006, 252:421-428.
[21] Ng W K, Abdullah N, De Silva S S. The dietary protein requirement of the Malaysian mahseer, Tor tambroides(Bleeker), and the lack of protein-sparing action by dietary lipid[J]. Aquaculture, 2008, 284:201-206.
[22] Chai X, Ji X, Han H, et al. Growth, feed utilization, body composition and swimming performance of giant croaker, Nibea japonica Temminck and Schlegel, fed at different dietary protein and lipid levels[J].Aquaculture Nutrition, 2013, 19:928-935.
[2] NRC. Nutrient Requirement of Fish[S]. Washington, DC:National Academy Press, 2009.
[3] Wang F, Han H, Wang Y, et al. Growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus fed at different dietary protein and lipid levels[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2013,19:360-367.
[4]马恒甲,刘新轶,冯晓宇,等.不同蛋白质、脂肪水平对三角鲂生长性能及体成分的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,35(14):19-25.
[5] Aminikhoei Z, Lee S M. Optimal dietary protein and lipid levels for growth of juvenile Israeli carp Cyprinus carpio[J]. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2015, 18:265-271.
[6] Huang D, Wu Y, Lin Y, et al. Dietary protein and lipid requirements for juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides[J]. World Aquac., 2017,48:782-790.
[7]李少菁,曾朝曙,汤鸿,等.锯缘青蟹幼体发育过程中的营养需求与代谢机理[J].台湾海峡,1998,17:1-9.
[8]翁幼竹,李少菁,王桂忠.从锯缘青蟹幼体及其饵料的含脂情况探讨其脂营养需求[J].海洋学报,2003,25:88-94.
[9] Arlington V. Official Methods of Analysis[M].16th edition. USA:AOAC(Association of Official Analytical Chemists), 1995.
[10]钱国英,朱秋华.中华绒螯蟹配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、纤维素的适宜含量[J].中国水产科学,1999,6(3):61-65.
[11]董兰芳,童潼,张琴,等.饲料蛋白质水平对拟穴青蟹幼蟹生长性能、体成分和消化酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(3):524-532.
[12] Cortes-Jacinto E, Villarrear-colmenares H, Civera-Cerecedor R. Effect of dietary protein level on growth and survival of juvenile freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus(Decapoda:Parastacidae)[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2015, 9(4):207-213.
[13] Zhou Q C, Zhou J B, Chi S Y, et al. Effect of dietary lipid level on growth performance, feed utilization and digestive enzyme of juvenile ivory shell, Babylonia areolate[J]. Aquaculture, 2007, 272(1/4):535-540.
[14]李丹,李国富.河蟹脂类营养研究进展[J].中国饲料,2006(6):27-29.
[15]许明珠,张琴,董兰芳,等.饲料脂肪水平对拟穴青蟹仔蟹生长性能、体组成及消化酶活性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):987-994.
[16]段青源,麦康森,申屠基康,等.不同蛋白质、脂肪水平对三疣梭子蟹生长和卵巢色素沉积的影响[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(4):809-818.
[17]索帅,李健,李吉涛,等.蛋白质和脂肪水平对脊尾白虾生长、非特异性免疫力及抗病力的影响[J].中国渔业质量与标准,2015,5(4):40-47.
[18]汪留全,胡王,李海洋,等.饲料中脂肪水平对幼蟹生长和饲料利用率的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2003,12(1):19-23.
[19] Ozorio, Roa, Valente, et al. Growth performance and body composition of white seabream(Diplodus sargus)juveniles fed diets with different protein and lipid levels[J]. Aquaculture Research, 2006, 37:255-263.
[20] Wang Y, Guo J L, Li K, et al. Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on growth, feed utilization and body composition of cuneate drum(Nibea miichthioides)[J]. Aquaculture, 2006, 252:421-428.
[21] Ng W K, Abdullah N, De Silva S S. The dietary protein requirement of the Malaysian mahseer, Tor tambroides(Bleeker), and the lack of protein-sparing action by dietary lipid[J]. Aquaculture, 2008, 284:201-206.
[22] Chai X, Ji X, Han H, et al. Growth, feed utilization, body composition and swimming performance of giant croaker, Nibea japonica Temminck and Schlegel, fed at different dietary protein and lipid levels[J].Aquaculture Nutrition, 2013, 19:928-935.